Section 2 Review

Unrealistic goals can become a barrier when which of the following happens? When outcome goals are objective When process goals are too specific When only one goal is set When goals are not adjusted

When goals are not adjusted

Which communication technique allows the fitness professional to show appreciation of a client's strengths? Transitional summaries Reflections Collecting summaries Affirmations

Affirmations

Which term best describes when someone has mixed feelings about exercise and can see both the pros and cons of participating? Unequivocal Confusion Ambivalence Ambiguity

Ambivalence

What type of imagery occurs when a client imagines health-related outcomes? Technique imagery Energy imagery Appearance imagery Positive self-talk

Appearance imagery

When it comes to barriers to exercise, which statement is correct? All individuals have "lack of time" as a barrier. It is impossible to ever fully overcome all barriers. Barriers never change; therefore, individuals need to focus on motives. Barriers to exercise are often cited by people who are sedentary or infrequently active.

Barriers to exercise are often cited by people who are sedentary or infrequently active.

The role of psychology in fitness and wellness is strongly rooted in which area? Eating disorders Social physique anxiety Behavioral change Depression

Behavioral change

Which of the following is true about body image? Body image is measured accurately based on an individual evaluating a picture of themselves. Body image is more positive in individuals who regularly exercise in a group setting. Body image may not match reality, and people may view their bodies in a negative way and evaluate themselves inaccurately. Body image is a very stable variable and, once established, rarely changes for an individual.

Body image may not match reality, and people may view their bodies in a negative way and evaluate themselves inaccurately.

A client has thoughts that they cannot exercise on their own, that they look silly doing it, and that other people are watching them. They believe these thoughts to be true. What is occurring? Stopping Cognitive fusion Reverse listing Acceptance

Cognitive fusion

When a client indicates that she finds it difficult to complete a workout on her own, she is likely in need of which type of support? Informational support Emotional support Companionship support Instrumental support

Companionship support

What stage of change is a person in if they are planning on exercising within the next 6 months? Contemplation Precontemplation Action Maintenance

Contemplation

When a person is thinking about implementing change but has not yet taken any steps to get started, what stage of change are they likely in? Contemplation Action Precontemplation Maintenance

Contemplation

A client who has been training for 6 months has recently moved farther from the fitness facility. Which barrier should she be preparing to overcome? Convenience Lack of social support Lack of time Ambivalence

Convenience

Which of the following is a behavior change technique where clients list potential barriers and make plans to overcome them? Coping responses Self-monitoring Implementation intentions Resisting social pressure

Coping responses

A community could influence physical activity for its inhabitants by doing which of the following? Limiting the number of sports leagues that are using a community center Allowing more permits for fitness facilities to open Reducing the number of fast-food restaurants Creating more green spaces, playgrounds, and walking trails

Creating more green spaces, playgrounds, and walking trails

What term is defined as the generic modifiable factors that impact behavior? Self-efficacy Attitudes Behavior change techniques Determinants

Determinants

A long-term client has recently indicated that she wants to start training for a fitness competition and, due to her competitive nature, she indicates that she wants to win. Which type of motivation is driving her? Affiliation motivation Intrinsic motivation Extrinsic motivation Autonomy motivation

Extrinsic motivation

Which source of social support has been shown to be particularly important for older adults? The community Exercise leader Exercise group Family

Family

When a client makes a plan, such as, "When I am done with work, I will run for 30 minutes," what are they doing? Self-monitoring Stating an outcome expectation Forming an implementation intention Creating a coping plan

Forming an implementation intention

The impact that family members, peers, or coworkers have over someone's decision to exercise describes which of the following terms? Group influence Societal influence Health influence Peer pressure

Group influence

When it comes to exercise, older adults find which of the following to be the most motivating? Being a part of a social group Competition with others Health and well-being Improved physical appearance

Health and well-being

A new client is having trouble managing her busy schedule and has cancelled her last 3 personal training sessions. What is the best option for the fitness professional? Refund the remaining sessions and actively search for a new client. Help the client determine her barriers, and talk through strategies to overcome them. Politely let the client know that you are transferring them to another trainer. Let the client know that cancelling sessions costs them money without providing any benefits.

Help the client determine her barriers, and talk through strategies to overcome them.

Self-esteem is defined by which of the following? How someone evaluates their own self-worth physically, emotionally, and socially How someone views their physical self or how they visualize their body When someone is anxious about how others view their body How someone conceptualizes their place in society

How someone evaluates their own self-worth physically, emotionally, and socially

Which of the following most closely resembles a SMART goal? I want to lose 20 pounds in the next month. I want to lose 20 pounds over the next 8 months. I want to lose weight. I want to lose 20 pounds.

I want to lose 20 pounds over the next 8 months.

What behavior change technique is a specific plan that drives behavior by identifying cues toward action? Self-monitoring Coping plan Implementation intention Guided practice

Implementation intention

A known relationship between sleep and exercise is demonstrated by which statement? In order for exercise to improve sleep, it must be coupled with medication. Increasing physical activity to at least 150 minutes per week at a moderate intensity can decrease symptoms of insomnia. Getting 10 minutes a day of physical activity is all that is needed to improve insomnia. Resistance training has not been shown to have any positive effect on sleep disturbances.

Increasing physical activity to at least 150 minutes per week at a moderate intensity can decrease symptoms of insomnia.

A client who has been training consistently for over a year has indicated that he wants to find more efficient ways to exercise at home. Which type of social support does he need? Instrumental support Informational support Emotional support Companionship support

Informational support

Which type of support is the most common provided by a fitness professional? Emotional support Informational support Instrumental support Companionship support

Informational support

A new client has indicated that they are exercising due to advice from their physician, but they are generally amotivated. What would be the best choice for the personal trainer in their initial meeting? Start establishing an emotional support system. Create a plan for overcoming barriers. Establish short- and long-term goals. Inquire further about what their motives are for participating.

Inquire further about what their motives are for participating.

Loaning some exercise bands to a client who is scheduled to go on vacation is an example of which type of social support? Companionship support Instrumental support Informational support Emotional support

Instrumental support

Which type of support describes the actions that a person takes to help another person engage in exercise? Emotional support Companionship support Informational support Instrumental support

Instrumental support

Which type of support describes the actions that a person takes to help another person engage in exercise? Informational support Emotional support Companionship support Instrumental support

Instrumental support

Long-term exercise adherence is associated with which type of motivation? Extrinsic motivation Incentive motivation Intrinsic motivation Amotivation

Intrinsic motivation

Not having someone to exercise with would be an example of which type of barrier? Lack of motivation Lack of social support Lack of willpower Lack of convenience

Lack of social support

Which barrier is most often cited as a top barrier among most individuals? Lack of social support Lack of enjoyment Lack of time Lack of energy

Lack of time

Having poor body image is most likely to be associated with which of the following? Low levels of motivation Low levels of social support Low self-esteem Low body mass index

Low self-esteem

At which stage of change are self-efficacy levels generally the highest? Contemplation Preparation Maintenance Precontemplation

Maintenance

At which stage of change are self-efficacy levels generally the highest? Preparation Precontemplation Maintenance Contemplation

Maintenance

What stage of change is a person in if they have been exercising consistently for 6 months or longer? Contemplation Precontemplation Action Maintenance

Maintenance

What part of a SMART goal involves being able to track progress? Attainable Timely Measurable Specific

Measurable

Without a perceived discrepancy between a client's current state and making a change, what is lacking? Autonomy Self-efficacy Motivation Positive outcome expectation

Motivation

What is a client-centric coaching style that helps enhance their desire to change by resolving ambivalence? Collecting summaries Affirming Motivational interviewing Reflective listening

Motivational interviewing

What type of communication includes posture, hand gestures, proximity to others, and facial expressions? Verbal communication Motivational interviewing Reflective listening Nonverbal communication

Nonverbal communication

A client is asked, "Why do you want to lose weight?" This is an example of what kind of question? Directive Open-ended Closed-ended Contemplation

Open-ended

What is the difference between open-ended and closed-ended questions? Closed-ended is asked in private; open-ended is not. Open-ended is asked by the trainer; closed-ended is asked by the client. Open-ended allows for elaboration, while closed-ended allows for one-word answers. Closed-ended allows for elaboration, while open-ended allows for one-word answers.

Open-ended allows for elaboration, while closed-ended allows for one-word answers.

Which source of social support for exercise is the most influential for children and adolescents? Parents The community Peers Exercise groups

Parents

Extrinsic motivation is characterized by which of the following? Participating in an activity or behavior for some type of reward or recognition from others Being motivated by a fear of failure A drive to be good at something Being motivated by the process of changing behaviors

Participating in an activity or behavior for some type of reward or recognition from others

Intentions are a good predictor of behavior, but what has been shown to help translate intentions into behavior? Action self-efficacy Outcome expectations Subjective norms Planning

Planning

A Certified Personal Trainer asks a client who is not currently doing any aerobic training how ready they are to do aerobic training one time per week for 30 minutes using a scale of 1 through 10, with 1 representing not at all ready and 10 representing completely ready. They say they are at a 1; what stage of change are they in? Precontemplation Action Preparation Maintenance

Precontemplation

What stage of change is a person in if they are not planning on exercising within the next 6 months? Action Contemplation Maintenance Precontemplation

Precontemplation

What is the correct order of the Stages of Change? Precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance Precontemplation, action, preparation, contemplation, maintenance Contemplation, precontemplation, preparation, action, maintenance Preparation, precontemplation, contemplation, action, maintenance

Precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance

Individuals in this stage of change may sporadically engage in physical activity but without any form, structure, or consistency. Contemplation Maintenance Precontemplation Preparation

Preparation

What stage of change is a person in if they are planning to begin exercising soon and have taken steps toward it? Action Preparation Precontemplation Maintenance

Preparation

What stage of change is a person in if they are planning to begin exercising soon and have taken steps toward it? Precontemplation Action Preparation Maintenance

Preparation

Ambivalent people may be reluctant to start an exercise program. What should the fitness professional focus on when helping a potential client overcome this barrier? Let them know that you will not take no for an answer because exercise is good for everyone. Let them know you understand it is a difficult decision to participate and you will give them time to think about it. Probe further to determine other barriers they are experiencing and possible motives to participate. Provide information about the benefits of participating and hope they decide to participate.

Probe further to determine other barriers they are experiencing and possible motives to participate.

What might a Certified Personal Trainer do for someone in the precontemplation stage of change? Provide them with education and knowledge Tell them to exercise with a friend Help them identify barriers to exercise Encourage them to make plans to exercise

Provide them with education and knowledge

A Certified Personal Trainer wants to improve a client's outcome expectations for resistance training. What behavior change technique might they use? Helping them make a plan Providing information on the health benefits Helping make the exercises fun Improving their confidence for their technique

Providing information on the health benefits

Which type of professionals are qualified to counsel individuals who are diagnosed with depression, using exercise as a supplemental treatment? Psychologist or psychiatrist Corrective exercise specialist or certified exercise physiologist Certified Personal Trainer or certified fitness professional Registered dietitian or nutritionist

Psychologist or psychiatrist

Self-esteem and body image are said to have which type of relationship? Autonomous Unequal Independent Reciprocal

Reciprocal

This is a conversational technique that helps the listener express the supposed meaning of what was just heard. Open-ended questions Active listening Reflections Closed-ended questions

Reflections

A Certified Personal Trainer has been listening to a client's goals. After the client is done speaking, the trainer restates the goals back to the client. What best describes the approach the trainer is using? Nonverbal communication Active listening Reflective listening Motivational interviewing

Reflective listening

What type of listening involves making a best guess as to what the speaker means, then stating it back to the speaker? Active listening Motivational interviewing Affirming Reflective listening

Reflective listening

What is the practice of identifying a negative inner narrative and replacing it with positive statements? Cognitive fusion Stopping Imagery Reverse listing

Reverse listing

What is the practice of identifying a negative inner narrative and replacing it with positive statements? Reverse listing Cognitive fusion Imagery Stopping

Reverse listing

Which of the following would be considered a process goal? Run three times a week Squat 100 pounds Run one mile Run a 10k race

Run three times a week

If a Certified Personal Trainer helps a client improve their technique by using guided practice to enhance confidence, what determinant of behavior are they targeting? Outcome expectations Self-efficacy Intention Self-regulation

Self-efficacy

A client has been journaling their behavior. They find that if they get home and sit on the couch to watch television, they do not end up exercising. But if they bring their gym clothes to work with them and change before leaving the office, they are more likely to exercise. Which behavior change technique are they using? Goal setting Self-monitoring Coping planning Action planning

Self-monitoring

Which behavior change technique allows individuals to identify external triggers that lead them to behave in certain ways? Action planning Enlisting social support Self-monitoring Coping planning

Self-monitoring

When a Certified Personal Trainer wants to enhance a client's self-efficacy by breaking down exercises or goals into easier-to-achieve tasks, what behavior change technique are they using? Verbal persuasion Set specific tasks Provide instructions Experience mastery

Set specific tasks

Changing leadership style based on the size of a group would be an example of which component of leadership? Situational factors Leadership styles Follower's qualities Leader's qualities

Situational factors

Which barrier to exercise is most likely to be associated with body image issues? Social physique anxiety Unrealistic goals Ambivalence Lack of social support

Social physique anxiety

When a client makes a statement that supports their current behavior, what is this called? A collecting summary Sustain talk Change talk An affirmation

Sustain talk

Empathy is best described as? Being positive and outgoing during training sessions Providing instrumental support to an individual Listening to a client but not providing any support The ability to identify with how another person feels

The ability to identify with how another person feels

The number of sidewalks available in a community is an example of which of the following? The constructed environment The built environment The assembled environment The manufactured environment

The built environment

Which of the following describes attitude? The belief that an important person or persons will support a behavior A construct that captures motivational factors that influence behavior A person's confidence in their ability to meet their goal The degree to which a person has a favorable or unfavorable evaluation of a behavior

The degree to which a person has a favorable or unfavorable evaluation of a behavior

An important aspect of an established exercise group includes which of the following? Groups function only when all members are present. The group feels distinct from other people. Groups rely only on the leader for support. Once the group is formed, no other participants are allowed in.

The group feels distinct from other people.

Which of the following is an open-ended question? Are you currently exercising? What can you tell me about your past exercise experiences? Are you taking any medications? Do you have any injuries?

What can you tell me about your past exercise experiences?

Which of the following is a question that may provoke resistance? What might work for you? If you decided to make a change, what might you do? What might you want to change? What makes you think you are not at risk?

What makes you think you are not at risk?

Social physique anxiety is best defined by which statement? When someone has anxiety about social situations When someone has general anxiety about physical activity When someone has anxiety about how their physique looks in the mirror When someone feels insecure about how they think others are viewing their body

When someone feels insecure about how they think others are viewing their body

Which of the following is a question that may provoke resistance? Why don't you want to change? What might you want to change? If you decided to make a change, what might you do? What might work for you?

Why don't you want to change?