Section 8.4: Spread of Communism after 1900 CE

Guatemala

A democratically elected government under Jacob Arbenz in the Central American country of Guatemala began efforts at land reform. Feeling threatened, the United Fruit Company lobbied the US government to remove the Arbenz. In 1954, he was overthrown

What religious text was used for all law?

All laws compiled with shariah (Islamic law).

Explain the causes and consequences of China's adoption of communism.

As a result of internal tension and Japanese aggression, Chinese communists seized power. These changes in China eventually led to communist revolution In communist China, the government controlled the national economy through the Great Leap Forward, often implementing repressive policies, with negative repercussions for the population Movements to redistribute land and resources developed within states in Africa, Asia, and Latin America, sometimes advocating communism or socialism.

Both ______ and _____ fought for control of the area of Iran in the early 20th century.

Britain; Russia

Vietnam

During WWII, Japan occupied Vietnam, which France still claimed as a colony At the end of the war in 1945, Vietnam declared independence from both Japan and France. A few people controlled most of the land Communists vowed to seize land from large landowners

Foreign Influence

Early in WWII, the Iranian leader considered supporting Hitler's Nazi regime. Russia & Britain were determined to not let that happen. They forced the leader to abdicate power to his young son, Shah Muhammad Reza Pahlavi.

Ethiopia

Ethiopia was originally under Italian occupation Exiled Ethiopian leader Haile Selassie returned to power under WWII. Ethiopia enjoyed economic success based on coffee trade. This led to western-style political and cultural reforms Selassie was unable to effectively implement land reform and his people started seeing him as a U.S imperialism puppet

What were the results of the Great Leap Forward?

Failing harvest caused severe food shortages. China countiend to export grain to Africa and Cuba. Some died from starvation.

Circle one: What was the relationship like between China and the USSR? Hostile or Peaceful

Hostile

What ended up happening to the young Iranian leader? What did the Iranian people see the leader as?

In 1951, they forced him to flee the country. Iran selected Mohammead Mosaddege as prime minister. He vowed to nationalize the oil companies.

In 1979, what signified the revolution?

In 1979, a revolution toppled the shah.

India

India was under British rule since 1858 Changed with the Independence movement leaded by Mahatma Gandhi In 1947, India was partitioned, creating two states Pakistan & India.

Create a timeline of land reform in India and Pakistan.

It instituted land reforms and tried to redistribute some land to the landless, abolish the power of rent collectors, protest land renters and promote cooperative farming.

What was Mao attempting to do with the Cultural Revolution?

Mao attempted to reinvigorate China's commitment to communism. It silenced critics of Mao and solidified his hold on power.

Explain the significance of the Red Guard and reeducation camps.

Mao ordered the Red Guards, groups of revolutionary students, to seize government officials, teachers, and others and send them to the countryside for reeducation. Reeducation involved performing physical labor and attending group meetings to change to be more revolutionary.

Who ended up rising to power? What did he order? And what did he declare the government of Ethiopia as now?

Mengistu Halie Mariam, an Ethiopian native and major in the military. He ordered the assssination of former regime officials. The new government declared itself socialists and received aid and weapons from the Soviet Union and other communist countries.

Describe how Mao Zedong and the communists rose to popularity in China.

More land reform as part of the policy. Peasant lands were organized into communes, large agricultural communities where the state held the land, not private owners. Those who protested this policy could be sent to reeducation camps or killed.

Why was it called the White Revolution? What aspects were changed?

Progressive reform that included recognizing women's right to vote, creating a social welfare system and funding literacy programs in villages.

What events led to this relationship?

Skirmishes over their border. Also computed for influence around the world. Albania, a Soviet satellite, took advantage of the split by allying with China against the Soviet Union, thereby receiving more autonomy and financial aid from China

What did most socialists or communists seek to make more of?

Socialists or communists sought to make more people into landowners. Land reform was a vital issue.

What was the US & British response to this event?

The US and Great Britain engineered an overthrow of the democratically chosen Mosaddegh and returned the shah to power. The shah ran an authoritarian regime that relied on a secret police force.

After the toppling of the shah, what new government type was instituted?

The new government was a theocracy, a form of government in which religion is the supreme authority.

Most communist/socialists countries used ________ to make this happen.

land reform

The most important reform dealt with ________

land reform.