Sections 4-2 &4-3 Science

Covalent Bond

A chemical bond formed when two atoms share electrons

Double Bond

A chemical bond formed when two atoms share two pairs of electrons with each other

Molecular compounds

A compounds consisting of Molecules of covalently bonded atoms

Mineral

A naturally occurring solid that has crystal structure and a definite chemical composition; a simple element, which is not organic, that is needed by the body

Explain how attractions between molecules could cause water to have a higher boiling point than carbon dioxide.

Attractions between polar water molecules are stronger than attraction between CO2 molecules. More energy is needed to overcome the strong attractions and the change water into a gas.

Name three ways in which a halite crystal differs from a quartz crystal.

Halite crystals contain ionic bonds; quarts contains covalent. Halite is softer than quarts. Halite will dissolve in water, quarts will not. Halite breaks into smaller crystals of the same shape; quarts does not

In terms of electrons, how is a covalent bond different from an ionic bond?

In a covalent bond, atoms share atoms while in a ionic bond is when electrons are transferred from one atom to another.

How are valence electrons involved in the formation of a covalent bond?

In a covalent bond, both atoms attract the two shared electrons at the same time

How do atoms in covalent bonds become slightly negative or slightly positive?

Some atoms pull more strongly on the shared electrons than other atoms do. As a result, the electrons move closer to one atom, causing the atoms to have slight electrical charges.

Nonpolar

The description of a covalent bond in which electrons are shared equally, or of a molecule containing nonpolar bonds or polar bonds that cancel out

Polar

The description of a covalent bond in which electrons are shared unequally , or of a molecule containing polar bonds that do not cancel out

What property of a mineral can be determined by scratching it?

The hardness

Name two properties of minerals that depend on chemical bonds.

There is shininess and corrisiveness

How does the way in which a mineral crystal breaks apart help to identify it?

You can look at the insides to figure out how its different The way a cyrstal breaks depends on the type and strength of the chemical bonds.