Security + Post-Assessment Quiz

For which of the following systems is resilience through redundancy the least important? a. Desktops b. Servers c. Data d. Networks

a. Desktops

Joseph, a white hat hacker, is approached by Sigma Technology to check the enterprise's security. He is told that the system is being checked to verify whether the higher-security mode of operations is moved automatically to another version during a cyberattack on the network, making it easier to attack. Which mode should Joseph use to test this vulnerability, and why? a. Downgrade attack because, in a downgrade attack, an attacker forces the system to abandon the current mode of operation and instead move it to implement a less secure mode. b. Ciphertext attack because, in a ciphertext attack, an attacker forces the system to abandon the current mode of operation instead of moving it to implement a less secure mode. c. Attacks on misconfigurations because, in a misconfiguration attack, attackers utilize weak configurations to exploit vulnerabilities. d. Collision attack because, in a collision attack, attackers utilize weak cryptographic algorithms to exploit vulnerabilities.

a. Downgrade attack because, in a downgrade attack, an attacker forces the system to abandon the current mode of operation and instead move it to implement a less secure mode.

Which of the following trust models has only one CA signing digital certificates? a. Hierarchical trust model b. Distributed trust model c. Bridge trust model d. Web of trust model

a. Hierarchical trust model

Which of the following recovery sites is more expensive to maintain? a. Hot site b. Cold site c. Warm site d. Onsite

a. Hot site

Which attack creates false deauthentication management frames that appear to come from another client device, which causes the client to disconnect from AP? a. Bluesnarfing b. Disassociation c. Injecting malware d. Jamming

b. Disassociation

Which of the following systems combines the functions of a printer, copier, scanner, fax machine, and special-purpose computer with a CPU? a. HVAC b. MFP c. SCADA d. UAV

b. MFP A multifunctional printer (MFP)

Your firewall is configured to deny all packets from the address range 192.110.20.30-192.110.20.100, but you want to allow packets from 192.168.20.73. How should you resolve this issue? a. Make an allow rule for the source address 192.168.20.73. b. Make a force allow rule for source address 192.168.20.73. c. Make a deny rule for source address 192.168.20.73. d. Make a log-only rule for source address 192.168.20.73.

b. Make a force allow rule for source address 192.168.20.73.

Which devices are used as a contactless alternative to cash or a credit card payment system? a. Bluetooth b. NFC c. RFID d. WLAN

b. NFC

You want to use different passwords for different accounts by remembering just one password. Which of the following tools fits your need? a. Hardware module b. Password vault c. Windowed token d. PDKF2

b. Password vault

Which of the following is the Windows network analysis tool that checks the connection to each hop between source and destination? a. Netstat b. Pathping c. Traceroute d. Curl

b. Pathping

Meta is a penetration testing engineer assigned to pen test the security firm's network. So far, she cannot tunnel through the network looking for additional systems accessible through advanced privileges. What should Meta do to gain repeated and long-term access to the system in the future? a. Perform privilege escalation b. Perform backdoor installation c. Perform data exfiltration d. Perform lateral movement

b. Perform backdoor installation

Which of the following typical commercial data classifications is least important? a. Private b. Proprietary c. Confidential d. Sensitive

b. Proprietary

In a device driver manipulation attack, which of the following changes a device driver's existing code design? a. API attack b. Shimming c. Improper input handling d. Time of check/time of use in race conditions

b. Shimming

Jennifer created an e-learning web application where a login form has to be filled by the user entering the application. Jennifer created an 8-byte buffer for the user name file while developing the application. One day, the application halted with denial of service. An attack on the web application due to the incorrect entry of input values in the login screen was then discovered. What caused the denial of service issue? a. This is due to a backdoor attack. b. This is due to a buffer overflow attack. c. This is due to a race condition caused by the attack. d. This is due to an application program interface attack.

b. This is due to a buffer overflow attack.

Which of the following only encrypts the IP packet data and leaves the header unencrypted? a. Tunnel mode b. Transport mode c. Encapsulating security payload (ESP) d. Authentication header (AH)

b. Transport mode IPsec supports two encryption modes: transport and tunnel. The more secure tunnel mode encrypts both the header and the data portion.

Which of the following best describes password spraying? a. Cracking the password of a user by trying all possible alphanumeric combinations b. Trying a common password on different user accounts c. Creating a wordlist using stolen passwords d. Creating a unique password using uppercase, lowercase, numerals, and special symbols

b. Trying a common password on different user accounts

In a practical test, you are given a computer with a Windows host OS. You are asked to install a guest machine with Linux OS. What should you do? a. Use Type I hypervisor program b. Use Type II hypervisor program c. Use a container hypervisor d. Use a hardware hypervisor

b. Use Type II hypervisor program

Which configuration of WLANs has the following flaws? The last PIN character is only a checksum. The PIN is divided into two shorter values. There is no lockout limit for entering PINs. a. WEP b. WPS c. MAC d. WPA

b. WPS

Which of the following can be used to enforce strong credential policies for an organization? a. Acceptable Use Policy b. Windows Active Directory c. Windows Defender d. Windows Firewall

b. Windows Active Directory

Which of the following is an improvement of UEFI over BIOS? a. Compatible with older devices b. enhanced boot security c. Validates the operating system before loading it. d. Shares the boot log to a secure server.

b. enhanced boot security

Which of the following is the safest authentication method? a. Authentication using an SMS OTP b. Authentication using a smartphone c. Authentication using security keys d. Authentication using a smart card

c. Authentication using security keys

Which agreement specifies how confidential material will be shared between certain parties but restricted to others? a. Service-level agreement b. Memorandum of understanding c. Nondisclosure agreement d. Business partnership agreement

c. Nondisclosure agreement

Which of the following accounts is the least vulnerable to cyberattacks? a. Generic account b. Shared account c. Personal account d. Guest account

c. Personal account

Which of the following social engineering attacks continues to be a primary weapon used by threat actors? a. Vishing b. Spear phishing c. Phishing d. Google dorking

c. Phishing

Identifying the attack, containing its spread, recovering, and improving the defenses can be done by which of the following? a. Using access control lists b. Using access control schemes c. Preparing incident response plans d. Using Weak accounts

c. Preparing incident response plans

A zero-day vulnerability has been found in an e-commerce website used to purchase electronics. Neither the website owner nor the general public knows about the vulnerability; it was discovered by a computer security specialist making a purchase. What should the specialist do? a. Make a report of the zero-day vulnerability and launch it to the public to make them aware. b. Be a broker and sell this zero-day vulnerability to the potential buyers so that they can decide for themselves what to do with it. c. Privately share their findings regarding the zero-day vulnerability with the e-commerce company. d. Ignore it; it is not the specialist's job to alert the website's owner about the vulnerability.

c. Privately share their findings regarding the zero-day vulnerability with the e-commerce company.

Which of the following best describes attacks due to application vulnerabilities that trick the vulnerable application(s) into producing more executable files in the system? a. Executable files attack b. System tampering c. Process spawning control d. Deprovisioning

c. Process spawning control

When assessing expected annual monetary loss due to risks, you found that the expected loss from your customer database was twice as high as the expected loss from your product database. You used these figures to justify allocating more resources to protect the customer database. Which risk assessment was used here? a. Risk control self-assessment b. Qualitative risk assessment c. Quantitative risk assessment d. Risk likelihood assessment

c. Quantitative risk assessment

Rachel has taken over as a systems administrator of Creative Network, which has a network of 300 computers in two different domains. Rachel has been instructed by the CEO to ensure all employees have access to a certain set of folders on the server. The individual workstations may have the personal data of employees in a particular folder. She was informed that there have been previous instances where employees misused the machines. What policy should Rachel be setting in individual user machines and servers? a. Rachel should set the least functionality for the server to the users and administrative control on individual desktops. b. Rachel should set administrative functionality for the server to the users and least functionality on the individual desktops. c. Rachel should set the least functionality for both servers and user desktops. d. Rachel should set no access for the server and set administrative rights on desktops.

c. Rachel should set the least functionality for both servers and user desktops. Setting the least functionality for users is the recommended way to protect the network from vulnerability.

Which protocol can send cryptographic confirmation that an endpoint is who it claims to be so that ARP poisoning is hindered? a. DNSSEC b. SFTP c. SEND d. SMTP

c. SEND The Secure Neighbor Discovery (SEND)

Which of the following is a VPN protocol? a. SMTP b. POP3 c. SSTP d. TCP

c. SSTP

Your enterprise network's security was breached when a non-employee connected a device to the network. In a security review meeting, you were asked to employ appropriate measures to prevent this from happening in the future while, at the same time, continuing to allow outsiders to connect to the network. Which of the following actions should you take? a. Set up a virtual private network b. Set up an access control list c. Set up a network access control d. Set up data loss prevention

c. Set up a network access control -------------- access control list (ACL) is a set of permissions that is attached to an object.

Ricky entered a restricted lab by scanning his finger on the fingerprint scanner outside the door. Which type of authentication credential allowed Ricky to enter the lab? a. Someone you know. b. Something you have. c. Something you are. d. Something you can do.

c. Something you are.

David, a software engineer, recently bought a brand new laptop because his enterprise follows the BYOD (bring your own device) model. David was part of a software development project where the software code was leaked before its release. Further investigation proved that a vulnerability in David's laptop caused the exposure. David insists he never used the laptop to access any network or integrate any devices, and the laptop was kept in a vault while not in use. Which of the following attack vectors was used by the threat actor? a. Direct access b. Wireless c. Supply chain d. Removable media

c. Supply chain The laptop might be infected by an entity within the supply chain, as all other possibilities are ruled out by the developer's strict acts.

PDC Bank is working on creating an AI application that enables customers to send SMS to the AI application to allow banking activities from their registered ID. Jane, the project engineer, has taken bank customer data from the last few years from the server and is using it to train the ML to recognize and authenticate actual users and to ensure unauthorized users are barred from entering the application. Suppose the AI application has been compromised, and the reason has been identified as compromised data being used to improve the ML accuracy. What kind of attack is the PDC Bank application subjected to? a. Adversarial artificial intelligence b. ML algorithm security c. Tainted training data for ML d. Spyware

c. Tainted training data for ML

Frank is authorized to issue mandatory security guidelines for IoT device manufacturers in the United States. Which of the following guidelines should Frank NOT issue? a. The devices' embedded systems should use network protocols that have advanced security features. b. The devices should have authentication features. c. The devices should present a cost-effective solution for consumers. d. The devices should receive updates provided by the manufacturer at least once every six months.

c. The devices should present a cost-effective solution for consumers.

The mean time to recovery (MTTR) of a system is zero. What does this imply? a. The system is not resilient to distractions. b. The system cannot be recovered. c. The system is highly resilient. d. The system cannot be recovered quickly.

c. The system is highly resilient.

Hassan has been asked to choose a mobile management tool that can provide a single management interface for application, content, and device management. Which of the following is the best solution? a. Mobile content management (MCM) tool b. Mobile device management (MDM) tool c. Unified environment management (UEM) tool d. Mobile application management (MAM) tool

c. Unified environment management (UEM) tool

Which of the following can be a log data source for investigating a security breach? a. rsyslog b. nxlog c. metadata d. journalctl

c. metadata

Which of the following policies restricts the introduction of malicious programs into an enterprise network or server? a. Asset management b. Onboarding and offboarding c. Data governance d. Acceptable use

d. Acceptable use

What is NOT a firewall feature? a. Packet filtering b. URL filtering c. Network address translation d. Deceiving attackers

d. Deceiving attackers

Which technique added to cryptographic algorithms can change a single character of plaintext into multiple characters of ciphertext? a. Eavesdropping b. Collision c. Confusion d. Diffusion

d. Diffusion

An attack where the threat actor changes the value of the variable outside of the programmer's intended range is known as _____________. a. Improper input handling b. Race condition c. Buffer overflow d. Integer overflow

d. Integer overflow

Which keys are supposed to be kept confidential and not shared with anyone? a. Public key b. Ephemeral keys c. Key pairs d. Private key

d. Private key

You are working in a data center when you suddenly notice a small fire in the server room. Which of the following measures should you take to suppress the fire? a. Use a Faraday cage b. Use a handheld fire extinguisher c. Rely on the water sprinkler system d. Rely on the stationary fire suppression system

d. Rely on the stationary fire suppression system

You want to install a non-biometric authentication method to reduce overall costs. Which of the following is the best fit? a. Keystroke dynamics b. Face recognition c. Gait recognition d. Security keys

d. Security keys

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a trusted platform module (TPM)? a. TPM provides cryptographic services in hardware instead of software. b. TPM generates asymmetric cryptographic public and private keys. c. TPM can easily be transported to another computer. d. TPM includes a pseudorandom number generator.

d. TPM includes a pseudorandom number generator.

ABC Automobiles is a large manufacturing company based in Munich, Germany. To ensure productivity, all departments like Finance, Purchase, Sales, R&D, Management, etc., are using computers, and for security, each department is placed in different physical and logical networks while interconnected. Johnson, the Vice President of IT, has requested your service in identifying a problem. Details provided by Johnson and your initial probe include the following: The problem started a few weeks ago in the sales department. Videos of six employees working on the computer are shared outside the organization without the users switching on the cameras or the webcam. Their personal phone numbers and email IDs are also found compromised from these devices. At specific times during the day, these computers exhibited substantial amounts of network traffic. Johnson removed these compromised machines from the network immediately to avoid vulnerabilities spreading in the network. He monitored these machines for any unusual behavior for 40 continuous hours. He could not find anything unusual, except that employees who were using these machines were receiving spam messages on their phones. He also scanned these computers using antivirus software but could not find any viruses. He connected these machines back to the network after these checks, but the computers showed the same behaviors. While the infected machines were off the network, a few other machines started showing similar issues, including sudden network traffic during certain times. During the next three days, the Finance and Purchase departments reported similar complaints on their devices. Johnson was contacted yesterday by the IT admin of Silicon Graphics, saying that their web server crashed. A large number of requests coming from various computers at ABC caused the crash. Silicon Graphics's claims were correct; ABC's computers were sending large amounts of HTTP data packets during the specified time. What is your inference based on the discussion with Johnson? a. This could be a logic bomb attack. b. This could be a rootkit attack. c. This is most probably a backdoor attack. d. This is most probably a bot attack.

d. This is most probably a bot attack.

Which of the following typical commercial data types can be considered more highly sensitive than the others? a. Confidential b. Private c. Critical d. Public

a. Confidential

Which of the following is a valid biometric authentication method? a. Gait recognition b. Weight recognition c. Height recognition d. Speech recognition

a. Gait recognition

Why is the UEFI framework considered to be better than the BIOS framework? a. It has a better user interface and supports remote troubleshooting. b. It restricts the hardware support to less than 1TB, offering better security than BIOS. c. It can identify the virus and malware in a device before the system is launched. d. It comes with additional features of OS hardening and anti-intrusion systems.

a. It has a better user interface and supports remote troubleshooting.

Which of the following refers to the method by which an iOS user can access root privileges on the device? a. Jailbreaking b. Rooting c. Keylogging d. Sideloading

a. Jailbreaking

For which of the following is the Encapsulating Security Protocol (ESP) applied? a. Authentication b. Confidentiality c. Key management d. Applications

b. Confidentiality

Which of the following protocols can protect network equipment from unauthorized access? a. POP3 b. IMAP c. SNMv3P d. DNSSEC

c. SNMv3P (Simple Network Management Protocol version 3) - It is a standard internet protocol which is to be followed by everyone. is mainly used for monitoring and organizing networking resources

Which of the following encrypts one character at a time? a. ECB b. CBC c. Stream d. Block

c. Stream

Which of the following best describes artifacts? a. Methods followed by attackers b. Temporary files stored in the RAM c. Technology devices that may contain evidence d. Permanent files stored on hard disks

c. Technology devices that may contain evidence

Which category of cybersecurity vulnerability is exploited by attackers before anyone else knows about it? a. Patches b. Platforms c. Zero day d. Third parties

c. Zero day

Which of the following is an attack that affects data availability? a. Rogue AP b. MAC address c. On-path attack d. DDoS attack

d. DDoS attack

You are the security administrator for an enterprise that follows the bring your own device (BYOD) deployment model. What is the first action that you should take to protect sensitive enterprise data from exposure if an employee device is stolen and can't be located? a. You should seek the help of legal authorities. b. You should search for the thief on your own. c. You should change the data access credentials. d. You should perform a remote wipe.

d. You should perform a remote wipe.

Which of the following can enhance privacy data protection by modifying it without destroying it? a. Data anonymization b. Public notification c. Data shredding d. Data pulping

a. Data anonymization ------------------ Data minimization is limiting the collection of personal information to that which is directly relevant Data masking involves creating a copy of the original data but obfuscating (making unintelligible) also called data anonymization. ( Ch.15)

What is virtual desktop infrastructure? a. It is the process of running a user desktop inside a VM residing on a server. b. It is the process of virtualizing hardware for different uses. c. It is the process of using a virtual network to access the cloud. d. It is the process of maintaining compliance between cloud and on-premises networks.

a. It is the process of running a user desktop inside a VM residing on a server.

Typically, certain employees of an organization get texts that update them on various IT activities. If there is a support ticket or downtime, they will receive texts to let them know about the activity. They have started to receive some messages via text instructing them to call the IT help desk at the provided number. When they call the help desk number, a recording asks them for their employee ID. Assuming that the IT department did not send those texts, which of the following social engineering attacks is this? a. Smishing b. Whaling c. Spimming d. Vishing

a. Smishing

You are the security administrator in your organization and have been asked to choose a deployment method that ensures the utmost security, where the data is stored in a centralized server and can be accessed by authorized employees using their own devices. Which of the following should you choose? a. Virtual desktop infrastructure (VDI) b. Choose your own device (CYOD) c. Corporate-owned personally enabled (COPE) d. Corporate-owned devices (COD)

a. Virtual desktop infrastructure (VDI)

In an interview, you are provided the following statements regarding virtualization security. Which statement should you identify as correct? a. Software-defined visibility (SDV) is a framework that allows users to make any network structure transparent. b. A software-defined network virtualizes parts of the physical network to be more quickly and easily reconfigured. c. A user can make a sandbox before performing extensive modifications or alterations to a virtual machine (VM). d. A guest operating system that has remained dormant is updated when the underlying host operating system is updated.

b. A software-defined network virtualizes parts of the physical network to be more quickly and easily reconfigured.

What is a thin client? a. A thin client is a computing device with limited storage capacity used for latency reduction. b. A thin client is a computer that runs from resources stored on a central cloud server. c. A thin client is a type of virtualized hardware with computing capabilities. d. A thin client is a computer that runs from resources stored on the localized hard drive.

b. A thin client is a computer that runs from resources stored on a central cloud server.

You are hired by a startup company as a security expert. You are asked to choose an effective method to host all the enterprise's services, which must be highly secure, easily scalable, and cost-effective. Which of the following platforms is ideal in this situation? a. Legacy platform b. Cloud platform c. On-premises platform d. Root platform

b. Cloud platform

What is data masking? a. Encrypting of files to prevent unauthorized access b. Creating the copy of data by obfuscating sensitive elements c. Protecting sensitive data using strong authentication d. Hiding the data to prevent unauthorized access

b. Creating the copy of data by obfuscating sensitive elements

Which type of vulnerability scan mimics the work of a threat actor who has already exploited a vulnerability and compromised credentials to access the network? a. Non-credentialed scan b. Credentialed scan c. Intrusive scan d. Nonintrusive scan

b. Credentialed scan

Which of the following are country-specific requirements that apply to data? a. Data minimization b. Data sovereignty c. Data destruction d. Data masking

b. Data sovereignty

Which wireless probe is designed exclusively to monitor the airwaves for RF transmissions? a. Access point probe b. Dedicated probes c. Desktop probe d. Wireless device probe

b. Dedicated probes

Bob is sending a message to John. Which algorithm should John use to ensure that Bob is the actual sender of the message and not anyone else? a. Message digest b. Digital signature algorithm c. RIPEMD d. Symmetric cryptographic algorithm

b. Digital signature algorithm

Rob made a physical security review report of his organization in which he proposed replacing physical locks with electronic ones. Which of the following is the best justification for Rob to include in his report? a. Electronic locks are invulnerable b. Electronic locks keep track of the accessing time and user identity. c. Physical locks are time-consuming and easy to forget to lock and unlock. d. Physical locks are difficult for most users to manage.

b. Electronic locks keep track of the accessing time and user identity.

Which application intercepts user requests from the secure internal network and then processes them on behalf of the user? a. Reverse proxy b. Forward proxy c. Honeypot d. Sinkhole

b. Forward proxy

Which part of the NIST Cybersecurity frameworks defines the activities needed to attain the different cybersecurity results? a. Information sources b. Framework core c. Implementation tiers d. Profiles

b. Framework core NIST cybersecurity frameworks as a set of guidelines for helping private companies identify, detect, and respond to cyberattacks. These frameworks also include guidelines for how to prevent and recover from an attack. divided into three basic parts. The first part is the framework core, which defines the activities needed to attain different cybersecurity results.

You have been instructed to set up a system in a conference room where only trusted employees can access both the secure internal corporate network and the internet, and public users are restricted from accessing the internet from the same network. Which protocol or standard should you use? a. EAP-TLS b. IEEE 802.1x c. EAP-FAST d. CBC-MAC

b. IEEE 802.1x

Which of the following is a snooping malware? a. Cryptomalware b. Keylogger c. PUP d. Backdoor

b. Keylogger

Quinton has been asked to analyze the TTPs of an attack that recently occurred and prepare an SOP to hunt for future treats. When researching the recent attack, Quinton discovered that after penetrating the system, the threat actor moved through the network using elevated credentials. Which technique was the threat actor using to move through the network? a. Initial compromise b. Lateral movement c. Privilege escalation d. Data exfiltration

b. Lateral movement tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTP)

Which of the following performs a real-time lookup of a certificate status? a. Certificate repository b. Online certificate status protocol (OCSP) c. Certificate revocation list (CRL) d. Offline CA

b. Online certificate status protocol (OCSP)

Shaun is an external penetration testing consultant. The Chief Information Security Officer (CISO) of the organization he is working with indicated that none of the internal higher management executives should receive any kind of spear-phishing emails during Shaun's testing. Which part of the rules of engagement would cover this limitation? a. Authorization b. Other boundaries c. Initiation d. Target locations

b. Other boundaries

In WPA3, what is designed to increase security at the handshake, when keys are being exchanged, even if the password is small or weak? a. OWE b. SAE c. PEAP d. CCMP

b. SAE (Simultaneous Authentication of Equals (SAE)) ------- Counter Mode with Cipher Block Chaining Message Authentication Code Protocol (CCMP) - WPA2 encryption protocol -------------- Protected EAP (PEAP) - a common EAP protocol (EAP is a framework for transporting authentication protocols)

Which of the below cryptographic protocol is an encrypted alternative to the Telnet protocol used to access remote computers? a. Transport layer security (TLS) b. Secure shell (SSH) c. Secure sockets layer (SSL) d. Secure real-time transport protocol (SRTP)

b. Secure shell (SSH)

Which application protocol is used to exchange cyber threat intelligence over HTTP? a. STIX b. TAXII c. TCP d. UDP

b. TAXII

Accounting is an important security concept in an enterprise environment. Which of the following best describes accounting in this context? a. Accounting refers to keeping track of all financial activities of the enterprise. b. Accounting refers to effective financial management for cybersecurity. c. Accounting refers to recording actions of a user on enterprise resources. d. Accounting refers to maintaining security devices in compliance with enterprise policies.

c. Accounting refers to recording actions of a user on enterprise resources.

An enterprise's annual financial statement reported an overall profit when there was actually a loss. Which of the following risks has occurred? a. Inherent risk b. Residual risk c. Control risk d. Internal risk

c. Control risk (ch 15)

Which layer of the OSI model is targeted by the threat actors for layer 2 attack? a. Physical layer b. Application layer c. Data link layer d. Transport layer

c. Data link layer

Which of the following provides multiple forensic tools in a single interface? a. memdump b. winhex c. FTK imager d. GNU dd

c. FTK imager

Which of the following types of hackers are strongly motivated by ideology? a. Brokers b. Grey hat hackers c. Hacktivists d. Criminal syndicates

c. Hacktivists

Which of the following is a physical security measure? a. Secured socket layer b. Full disk encryption c. Industrial camouflage d. Packet analysis

c. Industrial camouflage

Which cryptography method provides cryptographic solutions uniquely customized to low-power devices that need to manage resources instead of security constraints? a. Asymmetric cryptography b. Private key cryptography c. Lightweight cryptography d. Symmetric cryptography

c. Lightweight cryptography

John is appointed as a vulnerability assessment engineer in a financial organization. An audit report published by a third-party auditing firm revealed that most of the web servers have cross-site scripting and XML entity injection vulnerabilities. John has been told to perform a vulnerability assessment on these servers to verify if the audit report is valid. He is also told that he should not attempt to engage or exploit any vulnerabilities but still needs a deeper insight. By applying his knowledge of vulnerability assessment concepts, which type of vulnerability scanning should John use? a. Intrusive non-credentialed b. Intrusive credentialed c. Non-intrusive credentialed d. Non-intrusive non-credentialed

c. Non-intrusive credentialed