Semester 1 Comp Sci Review

Suppose the ESPN website uses 8-bit unsigned integers to store how many points a team has scored in an NBA game. For example: 0000 0010 represents 2 points 0000 1000 represents 8 points What is the highest possible score the ESPN website could display? A. 256(base 10) B. 255(base 10) C. 11111111(base 10) D. 128(base 10)

B. 255(base 10)

Which number system is used to store information digitally in a computer? A. Decimal (base 10) B. Binary (base 2) C. Octal (base 8) D. Hexadecimal (base 16)

B. Binary (base 2)

Each student that enrolls at a school is assigned a unique ID number, which is stored as a binary number. The ID numbers increase sequentially by 1 with each newly enrolled student. If the ID number assigned to the last student who enrolled was the binary number 1001 0011, what binary number will be assigned to the next student who enrolls? A 1001 0100 B 1001 0111 C 1101 0100 D 1101 0111

A 1001 0100

A color in a computing application is represented by an RGB triplet that describes the amount of red, green, and blue, respectively, used to create the desired color. A selection of colors and their corresponding RGB triplets are shown in the following table. Each value is represented in decimal (base 10). Color NameRGB Triplet indigo (75, 0, 130) ivory(255, 255, 240) light pink(255, 182, 193) ​light yellow(255, 255, 224) magenta(255, 0, 255) neutral gray(127, 127, 112) pale yellow(255, 255, 160) vivid yellow(255, 255, 14) According to information in the table, what color is represented by the binary RGB triplet (11111111, 11111111, 11110000)? A Ivory B Light yellow C Neutral gray D Vivid yellow

A Ivory The binary number 11111111 is equal to 27+26+25+24+23+22+21+2027+26+25+24+23+22+21+20, or 255. The binary number 11110000 is equal to 27+26+25+2427+26+25+24, or 240. Therefore, the given binary triplet represents the color ivory.

What is the decimal value of 1101(base 2)? A. 13 (base 10) B. 12 (base 10) C. 1.102 (base 10) D. 1101 (base 10)

A. 13 (base 10)

A computer program uses 3 bits to represent integers. When the program adds the decimal (base 10) numbers 6 and 2, the result is 0. Which of the following is the best explanation for this result? A. An overflow error occurred. B. A round-off error occurred C. An off-by-one error occurred D. The result was affected by lossy data compression

A. An overflow error occurred.

A student is transferring photos from her camera to her computer. The student notices that he saved photos on her computer are lower quality than the original raw photo on her camera. Which of the following could be a possible explanation for the difference in image quality? A. The saved image files were compressed with a lossy compression technique. B. The saved image files were compressed with a lossless compression technique. C. The saved image files were not compressed properly. D. Some information is lost every time a file is saved on a computer.

A. The saved image files were compressed with a lossy compression technique.

Which of the following is an advantage of a lossless compression algorithm over a lossy compression algorithm? A A lossless compression algorithm can guarantee that compressed information is kept secure, while a lossy compression algorithm cannot. B A lossless compression algorithm can guarantee reconstruction of original data, while a lossy compression algorithm cannot. C A lossless compression algorithm typically allows for faster transmission speeds than does a lossy compression algorithm. D A lossless compression algorithm typically provides a greater reduction in the number of bits stored or transmitted than does a lossy compression algorithm.

B A lossless compression algorithm can guarantee reconstruction of original data, while a lossy compression algorithm cannot. Lossless compression algorithms are guaranteed to be able to reconstruct the original data, while lossy compression algorithms are not.

Which of the following can be represented by a single binary digit? Select two answers. A The position of the minute hand of a clock B The remainder when dividing a whole number by 2 C The value of a Boolean variable D The volume of a car radio

B The remainder when dividing a whole number by 2 When dividing a whole number (0, 1, 2, 3, ...) by 2, the remainder will always be 0 or 1. A binary digit, by its definition, stores 0 or 1. C The value of a Boolean variable The value of a Boolean variable is either "true" or "false." These two possible values can be represented by the binary digits 0 or 1.

A color in a computing application is represented by an RGB triplet that describes the amount of red, green, and blue, respectively, used to create the desired color. A selection of colors and their corresponding RGB triplets are shown in the following table. Each value is represented in decimal (base 10). Color NameRGB Triplet indigo (75, 0, 130) ivory(255, 255, 240) light pink(255, 182, 193) ​light yellow(255, 255, 224) magenta(255, 0, 255) neutral gray(127, 127, 112) pale yellow(255, 255, 160) vivid yellow(255, 255, 14) What is the binary RGB triplet for the color indigo? A (00100101, 00000000, 10000010) B (00100101, 00000000, 01000001) C (01001011, 00000000, 10000010) D (01001011, 00000000, 01000001)

C (01001011, 00000000, 10000010) The decimal value 75 is equal to 64 + 8 + 2 + 1, which is equal to 26+23+21+2026+23+21+20, which is equal to the binary number 01001011. The decimal value 0 is equal to the binary number 00000000. The decimal value 130 is equal to 128 + 2, which is equal to 27+2127+21, which is equal to the binary number 10000010.

How many differebt values can be represented using 4 bits? A 4 different values B 8 different values C 16 different values D 32 different values

C 16 different values

An online store uses 6-bit binary sequences to identify each unique item for sale. The store plans to increase the number of items it sells and is considering using 7-bit binary sequences. Which of the following best describes the result of using 7-bit sequences instead of 6-bit sequences? A 2 more items can be uniquely identified. B 10 more items can be uniquely identified. C 2 times as many items can be uniquely identified. D 10 times as many items can be uniquely identified.

C 2 times as many items can be uniquely identified. Using 6-bit binary sequences allows for 26 or 64 different items to be identified. Using 7-bit binary sequences allows for 27 or 128 different items to be identified. Thus there are two times as many items that can be uniquely identified.

A news website uses 32-bit intergers to count the number of times an article has been viewed. The website is becoming more popular, and expects some of the articles to exceed the number of views that can be represented with 32 bits. In anticipation of this, the website is planning to change to 64-bit integers for the view counter. Which of the following best describes the result of using 64-bit integers instead of 32-bit integers? A 2 times as many values can be represented B 32 times as many values can be represented C 2^32 times as many values can be represented D 32^2 times as many values can be represented

C 2^32 times as many values can be represented

ASCII is a character-encoding scheme that uses 7 bits to represent each character. The decimal (base 10) values 65 through 90 represent the capital letters A through Z, as shown in the table below. What ASCII character is represented by the binary (base 2) number 1001010 ? A H B I C J D K

C J The table shows that the letter J is represented by the decimal value 74, which in binary (base 2) is 1001010.

In which of the following situations would it be most appropriate to choose lossy compression over lossless compression? A Storing digital photographs to be printed and displayed in a large format in an art gallery B Storing a formatted text document to be restored to its original version for a print publication C Storing music files on a smartphone in order to maximize the number of songs that can be stored D Storing a video file on an external device in order to preserve the highest possible video quality

C Storing music files on a smartphone in order to maximize the number of songs that can be stored In situations where minimizing data size or transmission time is maximally important, lossy compression algorithms are typically chosen.

A video game character can face toward one of four directions: north, south, east, and west. Each direction is stored in memory as a sequence of four bits. A new version of the game is created in which the character can face toward one of eight directions, adding northwest, northeast, southwest, and southeast to the original four possibilities. Which of the following statements is true about how the eight directions must be stored in memory? A Four bits are not enough to store the eight directions. Five bits are needed for the new version of the game. B Four bits are not enough to store the eight directions. Eight bits are needed for the new version of the game. C Four bits are not enough to store the eight directions. Sixteen bits are needed for the new version of the game. D Four bits are enough to store the eight directions.

D Four bits are enough to store the eight directions. Four bits can represent 2424, or 16 pieces of information.

Which of the following is a true statement about data compression? A Data compression is only useful for files being transmitted over the Internet. B Regardless of the compression technique used, once a data file is compressed, it cannot be restored to its original state. C Sending a compressed version of a file ensures that the contents of the file cannot be intercepted by an unauthorized user. D There are trade-offs involved in choosing a compression technique for storing and transmitting data.

D There are trade-offs involved in choosing a compression technique for storing and transmitting data.

How many different digits are used in the Hexadecimal number system? A. 2 B. 10 C. 8 D. 16

D. 16