Semester 1 PE Final (Badminton, Pickleball, Weight lifting,

Starts of games(how many players)

11 players from each team must be on their half of the field to start the game.

When was it created?

1965

"Forwards"(How many/ what they do)

2-3 "forwards" who play up front

Fullbacks or sweepers(How many/ what they do)

2-3 "fullbacks" or "sweepers" who play defense behind the midfielders but in front of the one goalie, who defends the goal and who can use his hands or any part of his/her body to block the ball

Halfbacks or midfielders(How many/ what they do)

2-4 "halfbacks" or "midfielders" who typically play behind the forwards on their teams' side of the field

Starts of games(Which team goes first)

A coin toss determines which team chooses to kick off or which side of the field they wish to defend first. They can choose one or the other if they win the toss.

Drive​

A fast and low shot that makes a horizontal flight over the net.

Offenses resulting in Direct Free Kicks

a.Charging (running into) an opponent from behind, violently or dangerously. b. Handling the ball (with your hand or arm on purpose). c. Holding an opponent. d. Kicking or attempting to kick an opponent. e. Kneeing an opponent. f. Placing hands or arms on an opponent. g. Pushing an opponent. h. Striking or attempting to strike an opponent. i. Tripping an opponent. * A penalty kick is awarded to the opposition if the defensive team commits a foul within its own penalty area.

Reps​

abbreviation for repetition

Endurance​

ability of a muscle to produce force continually over a period of time

Anaerobic Exercise​

activity I which oxygen demands of muscle are so high that hey rely upon an internal metabolic process for oxygen

Aerobic Exercise​

activity in which demands of muscle for oxygen are met by circulation of oxygen in blood

Bird or birdie ​

another name for the shuttlecock

Spot​

assist if called upon by someone performing an exercise

Flexion​

bending in contrast to extending

Flex​

bends or decrease angle of a joint contract a muscle

Extension​

body part going from a bent to a straight position

Service Court​

Area into which the serve must be delivered. Different for singles and doubles play.

Court​

Area of play, as defined by the outer boundary lines.

Baseline​

Back boundary line at each end of the court, that runs parallel to the net.

Where was it created?

Bainbridge Island, Washington

Court/ Net dimensions

Court: 20' x 44' for both doubles and singles. net: 36" on ends and 34" in the middle.

Scoring(amt of pts)

Each goal counts as one point. The team with the most points at the end of the game wins.

Double Bounce Rule

Each team must play their first shot off the bounce. This means the receiving team must let the serve bounce and the serving team must let the return of the serve bounce before playing it. After the two bounces have occurred, the ball can be either volleyed or played off the bounce.

Kill​

Fast, downward shot that cannot be returned; a "putaway."

Objective of the game

For each team to move the ball down the field and score goals by kicking or heading the ball into the goal of the opposing team. Only goalies can legally use their hands.

Direct Kick

From which a goal may be scored.

Indirect Kick

From which a goal may not be scored, unless touched by another player from either team.

Forecourt​

Front third of the court, between the net and the short service line.

Push Shot​

Gentle shot played by pushing the shuttle with little wrist motion, usually from net or midcourt to the opponent's midcourt.

Faults

Hitting the ball out of bounds Not clearing the net Stepping into the non-volley zone and volleying the ball Volleying the ball before it has bounced once on each side of the net as outlined in the double bounce rule above

Volley

To make contact with a ball in the air without first letting it bounce. All volleying must be done with player's feet behind the non-volley line.

to return ball in play

To return the ball in play when it is ruled out of bounds, a player must hold the ball directly overhead or behind the head with two hands and throw the ball in with one complete continuous motion directly overhead inbounds. Both feet must also remain on the ground during the throwing motion. If not, it is considered an illegal throw-in and other team gets the ball to attempt a throw-in. The person throwing the ball in cannot play the ball until the ball is touched by another player.

Tendon​

a band or cord of strong fibrous tissue that connects muscle to bone

Estrogen​

female sex hormone

Set​

fixed number of repetitions

Bulking Up​

gaining body weight by adding muscle body fat or both

Circuit Training​

going quickly from one exercise apparatus to another and doing a prescribed number of exercises on each apparatus

Hypertrophy​

increase in size of muscle fiber

Progressive Resistance​

method of training where weight is increased

Slow-Twitch​

muscle cells that contract slowly

Eccentric Contraction​

muscle lengthens while maintaining tension

Repetition​

one complete movement of an exercise

Negative Reps​

one or two partners help you lift a weight up to 50% heavier than you would normally lift to finish point of movement

Rest Interval​

pause between sets of an exercise which allows muscles to recover partially before the next set

Spotter​

person who watches a partner closely to see if any help is needed during a exercise

Cardiovascular Training​

physical conditioning that strengthens heart and blood vessels

Serve or Service​

players put the shuttlecock into play for points by "serving" it to opponents, hitting it over the net into a certain part of the court

Fast-Twitch​

refers to the muscle cells that fire quickly and are utilized in anaerobic activities

Power​

strength + speed

Ligament​

strong fibrous band of connecting tissue connecting 2 or more bones or cartilages or supporting a muscle fascia or organ

Kinesiology

study of muscles and their movements

Anabolic Steroid​

synthetic chemical that mimics the muscle building characteristics of the male hormone testosterone

Power Training​

system of weight training using low repetitions heavy weights

Strength​

the ability of a muscle to produce maximum amount of force

Backcourt​

the back third of the court, in the area of the back boundary lines.

Why was it created?

their children were bored, so they made a game combining the racket sports: badminton whiffle ball table tennis

Rally​

this occurs when the players hit the bird back and forth several times before one side scores a point

Shuttlecock ​

thje name for the object that players hit, made of a ball of cork or rubber with a crown of feathers in an open conical shape.

Power Lifts​

three movements used in power lifting competition

Strength Training​

using resistance weight training to build maximum muscle force

Bodybuilding​

weight training to change physical appearance

Barbell​

weight used for exercise consisting of a rigid handle 5-7' long with detachable metal discs at each end

Smash

when a shuttle is floated high into the air, a player has time to unleash a powerful overhand shot straight to the floor of the opposing court

Concentric Contraction​

when muscle contracts or shortens

Abs

​abbreviation for abdominal muscles

Overtime rules

If there is a tie score at the end of the game the game goes into overtime. There can be two 10-minute sudden death overtimes. "Sudden death" overtimes means the first team that scores wins, regardless of the time left in overtime.

Offsides

If they are closer to the opponents' goal line than the ball at the moment the ball is played (exceptions: The player is on his/her half of the field, There are two opponents between the player and the opposing goal, The ball was last touched by an opponent, The ball is received directly from a goal kick, corner kick, throw-in, or is dropped by a referee)

Long Service Line ​

In singles, the back boundary line. In doubles a line 2 l/2 feet inside the back boundary line. The serve may not go past this line.

Racquet​

Instrument used by players to hit shuttlecock

Who was it created by?

Joel Pritchard William Bell Barney McCallum

Length of game

The game consists of two 40-minute halves or four 20 minute quarters. The half-time break is 10 minutes long.

Starts of games(player in action)

The kicker may not play the ball again on the kickoff until it has been played by another player of either team.

Short Service Line​

The line 6 l/2 feet from the net which a serve must reach to be legal.

Serve

The server must keep one foot behind the back line when serving. The serve is made underhand. The paddle must pass below the waist. The server must hit the ball in the air on the serve. No bounce is allowed before hitting it. The serve is made diagonally cross court and must clear the non-volley zone. Only one serve attempt is allowed, except if the ball touches the net on the serve and lands in the proper service court.

Scoring(how to get points)

A goal is scored when the ball passes over the end line between the goal posts and under the crossbar of the soccer goal. A ball touching the goal line, but not going completely over it is not a goal.

Let ​

A legitimate cessation of play to allow a rally to be replayed.

Flick​

A quick wrist and forearm rotation that surprises an opponent by changing an apparently soft shot into a faster passing one; used primarily on the serve and at the net.

Match​

A series of games (at U.S. Olympic Festival-'93 it is three out of five), to determine a winner. Midcourt - The middle third of the court, halfway between the net and the back boundary line.

Clear​

A shot hit deep to the opponent's back court.

Halfcourt Shot​

A shot hit low and to midcourt, used effectively in doubles against the up-and-back formation.

Drop​

A shot hit sohly and with finesse to fall rapidly and close to the net on the opponent's side.

Backhand

A stroke made on the opposite side of the body as the paddle hand.

Forehand

A stroke made on the same side of the body as the paddle hand.

Fault​

A violation of the playing rules, either in serving, receiving, or during play (see common faults listed below).

Doubles Play

A. The player in the RIGHT HAND service court starts the game by serving diagonally across court to the opponent in the opposite RIGHT HAND service court. The opponent must let the ball bounce before returning the serve. The serving team must also let the return bounce before playing it. After two bounces have occurred, the ball may then be either volleyed or played off the bounce until a fault is made. B. If the fault is made by the opposing team, a point is scored by the serving team. When the serving team wins a point, its players will switch service courts and the same player will continue to serve. When the serving team makes its first fault, players will stay in the same service court and turn the ball over to their opponents. Both players on the opposing team will have a chance to serve before turning the ball back over to the original serving team. Players only switch service courts after scoring. *A ball landing on any line is considered good.

Free Kicks(rules)

All free kicks are taken from the spot of the foul, Until a free kick becomes live, each defensive player shall remain at least 10 yards from the ball (All players). The kicker after taking a free kick may not play the ball a second time before it has been played by another player.

Field dimensions

An adult size field is typically 60 yards wide by 100 yards long, but H.S. games can be played on a H.S. football field with the dimensions being 50 yards wide by 100 yards long.

Carry​

An illegal tactic, also called a sling or throw, in which the shuttle is caught and held on the racquet and then slung

Back Alley​

Area between the back boundary line and the long service line for doubles.

Center Line​

Line perpendicular to the net that separates the left and right service courts.

Singles Play

Same rules apply as in doubles play except for the following: when serving, each player serves from the RIGHT HAND court when the score is 0 or an even number and from the LEFT HAND court when the score is an odd number. *A ball landing on any line is considered good.

Net Shot​

Shot hit from the forecourt that just clears the net and drops sharply.

Hairpin Net Shot​

Shot made from below and very close to the net with the shuttle rising, just clearing the net, and then dropping sharply down the other side. The shuttle's flight approximates the shape of a hairpin.

Wood Shot​

Shot that results when the base of the shuttle is hit by the frame of the racquet. Once illegal, this shot was ruled acceptable by the International Badminton Federation in 1963.

Scoring

Teams only score a point when serving. A player who is serving will continue to do so until a fault is made. The game is played to 11 points; however, a team must win by 2 points.

Ball out of play

The ball is out of play when it has fully crossed the goal line not within the goal, or completely over a sideline. A player may be out of bounds and legally play the ball if the ball is on a line or still completely in play.

Muscle Tone​

condition in which a muscle is in a constant yet slight state of contraction and appears firm

Lean Body Mass​

everything in the body except fat including bone organs skin nails and all body tissue including muscle

Alley​ side

extension of the court by l½ feet on both sides that is used for doubles play.