SEMESTER 2 tests

When Mrs. Van Dyke first acquired a new luxury car, she was ecstatic. After several months, however, she took the car for granted and it gave her little sense of emotional excitement. This change in her feelings can best be explained in terms of the: _________________.

adaptation-level phenomenon.

The three successive phases of the general adaptation syndrome are _____________.

alarm reaction, resistance, and exhaustion.

It is characteristic of bears to hibernate. This behavior is an example of _______.

an instinct

Humanistic psychologists focused on the importance of __________.

healthy growth potential.

The greatest number of deaths in North America today result from ____________.

heart disease.

A. L. Washburn swallowed a balloon. When inflated, the balloon filled his stomach and transmitted his stomach contractions to a recording device. Washburn found that ______________.

hunger pangs accompany feelings of hunger.

Hunger controls are located within the brain's _________.

hypothalamus

Which profession is most directly involved in the application of psychology's principles to the workplace?

industrial-organizational psychology

Blood glucose levels are regulated by secretions of ________ by the pancreas.

insulin

Lack of body fluids is to thirst as ________ is to ________.

need; drive

According to the Cannon-Bard theory, the experience of an emotion__________.

occurs simultaneously with physiological arousal.

The concept of relative deprivation refers to the perception that ____________.

one is worse off than those with whom one compares oneself.

Adoptive parents are least likely to influence the ________ of their adopted children.

personality traits

Physical illnesses, such as hypertension and some headaches, that are not caused by an organic disorder but instead seem linked to stress are referred to as ________ illnesses.

psychophysiological

While taking the final exam in her American history class, Marie was surprised and frustrated by her momentary inability to remember the name of the first president of the United States. Her difficulty most clearly illustrates:

retrieval failure

Alyssa's home was broken into and many items were taken. After the break-in, Alyssa was afraid to be at home alone and so installed a new alarm system. Abraham Maslow would suggest that Alyssa is trying to satisfy her ________________.

safety needs.

Luigi minimized the stress of testing positive for HIV by viewing this circumstance as an opportunity for a renewed religious commitment and spiritual growth. His reaction best illustrates the importance of _____________.

stress appraisal.

As her professor distributed the mathematics test to the class, Blair's heart started to pound and her palms began to sweat. These physiological reactions were activated by her ________ nervous system.

sympathetic

Monocular cue is to _______ as binocular cue is to ________.

texture gradient; convergence

Homeostasis, which is the goal of drive reduction, is defined as ______________.

the body's tendency to maintain a constant internal state.

A brief electrical charge that travels down the axon of a neuron is called the _________.

action potential.

Rannilt was euphoric after learning that she had been accepted by the medical school of her choice. After a few weeks, however, she is only mildly excited when she thinks about her admission to medical school. This change in her feelings can best be explained in terms of the ______________.

adaptation-level phenomenon.

The two-factor theory of emotion places more emphasis on the importance of ________ than does the James-Lange theory.

cognitive activity

Dr. Milosz electrically stimulates the lateral hypothalamus of a well-fed laboratory rat. This procedure is likely to______________.

cause the rat to begin eating.

Who is the best example of a Type A personality? A. Mara, an irritable, impatient teacher B. Rashida, a highly intelligent, introverted librarian C. Wilma, a friendly, altruistic social worker Charisse, a fun-loving, self-indulgent university student Dave, a very successful race car driver

A. Mara, an irritable, impatient teacher

Which phase of the GAS happens when we first hear of something stressful? A. resistance B. alarm reaction C. adjustment D. exhaustion E. denial

Alarm reaction

The idea that an emotion-arousing stimulus is simultaneously routed to the cortex and to the sympathetic nervous system is central to the ____________.

Cannon-Bard theory.

Lee believes that for every 3500-calorie reduction in his diet he will lose one pound. Why is Lee incorrect?

Lee's body will react as if it is being starved, causing his basal metabolic rate to drop.

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of relative deprivation? A. Beau was very happy with the latest features on his new laptop, but after a few weeks he stopped thinking about them. B. A stranger let Ellen pull out in front of him while she was waiting in traffic; later that day, she let a shopper in front of her while waiting in line. C. Sam felt happier when he sincerely smiled. D. Margie was happy with her salary until she heard that her co-worker was making more for the same job. E. Angela quickly singled out an angry man in a crowd of people.

Margie was happy with her salary until she heard that her co-worker was making more for the same job.

Viral infections are to ________ as bacterial infections are to ________.

T lymphocytes; B lymphocytes

Who is the best example of a Type B personality? A. George, a self-confident, time-conscious mail carrier B. Wang Lung, a relaxed, easygoing dentist C. Henry, an irritable, impatient high school teacher D. Stasio, a fun-loving, hard-driving corporation president E. Quentin, the competitive social worker

Wang Lung, a relaxed, easygoing dentist

According to the two-factor theory, the two basic components of emotions are ________ and ________.

a cognitive label; physical arousal so

Chiara, a 14-year-old, is of average height but weighs only 80 pounds. She has lost 30 pounds over the last six months by eating very little and running five miles a day. She is determined not to become overweight and ignores her parents' suggestion that she should eat well-balanced meals. Chiara suffers from:

anorexia nervosa.

The feel-good, do-good phenomenon refers to the fact that when people feel happy they ________.

are more willing to help others.

Sixteen-year-old Jill loves ice cream and other rich foods, but she has become increasingly anxious about gaining too much weight. Jill frequently overeats and then intentionally vomits in an attempt to control her weight. Jill most clearly suffers from _________.

bulimia nervosa

Most young children are fearful of bees, even though they have never been stung by one. This best illustrates that fear ___________.

can be learned through observation.

Releasing anger can be temporarily calming, but is not healthy in the long run. This supports the_____________.

catharsis hypothesis

Charles Darwin's suggestion that violent gestures increase one's anger is most inconsistent with the _________.

catharsis hypothesis.

Destruction of the ventromedial hypothalamus of a rat is most likely to ______________.

cause the rat to become extremely fat.

What is considered the most significant source of stress for most people?

daily hassles

The large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep are called___________.

delta waves

What event would most likely cause an animal to overeat and become obese?

destruction of its ventromedial hypothalamus

Lillian will be taking an entrance exam for law school this afternoon. She is likely to:

do well on the exam if her physiological arousal is moderate.

After receiving an unexpected A on his psychology test, Jordan was easily persuaded to baby-sit his little sister while his parents went out for dinner. This best illustrates the ______________.

feel-good, do-good phenomenon.

The most basic or lowest-level need in Maslow's hierarchy of human motives includes the need for __________.

food and drink.

Hans Selye referred to the body's response to stress as __________.

the general adaptation syndrome.

The set point is _________.

the specific body weight maintained automatically by most adults over long periods of time.

The James-Lange theory of emotion states that ____________.

to experience emotion is to be aware of our physiological responses to an emotion-arousing event.

Noticing that his heart was pounding and that his palms were sweaty while he was taking a difficult test, Harley concluded that he was "anxious." Noticing that his heart was pounding and that his palms were sweaty when an attractive lady asked him to dance, Harley concluded that he was "falling in love." The differing emotions experienced by Harley can best be explained by the _____________.

two-factor theory.

Noticing that his heart was pounding and that his palms were sweaty while he was taking a difficult test, Harley concluded that he was "anxious." Noticing that his heart was pounding and that his palms were sweaty when an attractive lady asked him to dance, Harley concluded that he was "falling in love." The differing emotions experienced by Harley can best be explained by the: _______________.

two-factor theory.