Semester Exam
A person is developing shock resulting from an injury that has caused severe, life-threatening bleeding. Which of the following would occur first?
Increased heart rate
You have tried to control a victim's bleeding with direct pressure and elevation, but the bleeding doesn't stop. Where would you apply pressure to slow the flow of blood to a wound on the forearm?
Inside the arm between the shoulder and the elbow.
Where is the carotid artery located?
Inside the wrist just above the hand.
Sequence of care for an injury to the chest abdomen or pelvis
Call 9-1-1 Limit movement Monitor breathing Control bleeding Minimize shock
What should be your first concern at the scene where a person has been seriously burned?
Checking the scene for safety.
When giving chest compressions to an unresponsive child who was choking, you would compress the chest at a rate of how many compressions per minute?
100—120
What is the general EAP flow for a rescuer when no additional care will be needed?
1: signal 2: rescue 3: victim is okay no care needed 4: Report, advises, release 5: equipment check/corrective action 6: return to duty
When performing CPR with one rescuer what is the ratios for an adult child and infant?
30:2
A person who has an injured femur is likely to exhibit signs or symptoms of shock because:
A fractured femur can result in severe bleeding.
Lacerations
A laceration is a cut, which may have either jagged or smooth edges. Lacerations are commonly caused by sharp-edged objects, such as knives, scissors or broken glass. A laceration can also result when a blunt force disrupts or splits the skin. This splitting often occurs in areas where bone lies directly underneath the skin's surface, such as the chin bone or skull.
Extremity
A limb of the body; upper extremity is the arm; lower extremity is the leg.
Which of the following may indicate a serious head, neck or spinal injury?
A person involved in a diving accident
If alone, you would give care first for which situation?
A person with severe, life-threatening bleeding
When performing chest compressions on an adult, you would compress the chest to which depth?
At least 2 inches
You find a person at the bottom of the stairs. He appears to have fallen and seems badly hurt. After sending someone for help, you would....
Attempt to keep the victim from moving.
The first person to arrive on the scene who is trained to give a higher level of care is usually the:
Emergency medical responder (EMR).
Which type of injury involves an open wound where the bone has torn through the skin?
Open Fracture
The head-tilt/chin-lift maneuver is used to:
Open an airway.
What are the 2 kinds of fractures
Open and closed fracture
The trained lay responder's first step in an emergency is to:
Recognize that an emergency exists.
Your role in making the EMS system work effectively includes four steps.
Recognize, decide, call, provide.
Which is not a symptom of heart attack.
Red, hot or dry skin
Which sign would suggest a less severe reaction to a bite or sting?
Redness around the entry site
Which would you do when caring for a seizure victim?
Remove nearby objects that might cause injury
Amputations
Sometimes a body part, such as a finger, may be severed. Such an injury is called an amputation
You are alone and performing cycles of 5 back blows and 5 abdominal thrusts on a child who is choking. The child becomes unresponsive after a minute or two. You gently lower the child to the floor and do which of the following next?
Start CPR with chest compressions.
A person appears to be choking but can cough forcefully. Which action would be most appropriate?
Stay with the person and encourage the person to continue coughing.
Signals of anaphylactic shock
hives and itching swelling of face difficulty breathing
What is the purpose of your initial check of an unconscious person?
To determine if any life-threatening conditions are present.
A woman has fallen and burned her ankle. She says she heard something snap. She looks pale and is sweating. What should you do?
Care for the injury as if it were serious.
A student on your bus has a severe cut in the groin area, what do you do?
Cover the wound with a sterile dressing applying direct pressure
When giving care to a person in shock, which of the following would be most helpful in minimizing shock?
Covering the person with a blanket
Which should you not do if you are exposed to a victim's bodily fluids?
Go to the hospital after one week if you start to feel sick.
You are checking a person experiencing a breathing emergency and notice that the person is breathing quite rapidly. The person tells you that it feels like they cannot get enough air. You suspect which of the following?
Hyperventilation
A person suffering from heat stroke may not be sweating. Not sweating can result in:
Ineffective body cooling and a rapidly rising body temperature.
How could a person become injured as a result of fainting?
Injuries may occur from falling and striking the ground or other objects.
On an infant, where would you check the pulse?
Inside the arm between the elbow and shoulder.
A victim is coughing up blood with bleeding from the mouth and is tender in the abdomen. Pulse is weak and rapid. The victim is having signs of :
Internal Bleeding
You are caring for a person who was involved in an automobile collision. The woman is complaining of pain in her abdomen, nausea and extreme thirst. She also is breathing rapidly. Which of the following would you suspect?
Internal bleeding
Exercise-associated muscle cramps:
Involve painful spasms of skeletal muscles.
When applying a sling, which of the following would be most appropriate to do?
Place the triangular bandage over the uninjured shoulder.
You come upon an ill person who is having difficulty breathing. You notice that they are expending extra effort to breathe. You would identify this breathing emergency as:
Respiratory distress.
R.I.C.E stands for... And applies for..
Rest, immobilize, cold, elevate applies to Injuries to muscles,bones, and joints
What are the symptoms of "shock"
Restlessness Altered consciousness Pale/ ashy skin Cool, moist skin Nausea/ vomiting Rapid breathing and pulse Excessive thirst
What sudden illness is usually caused by a blockage of blood flow to the brain?
Stroke
Unlike adults, children do not often initially suffer from cardiac emergencies. Instead, children:
Suffer a respiratory emergency that develops into a cardiac emergency.
A burn that involves only the top layer of skin is classified as which type?
Superficial
Fainting
Syncope is a temporary loss of consciousness usually related to insufficient blood flow to the brain.
Pain associated with a heart attack results from:
The heart not getting the oxygen that it needs
You would call EMS first and then give care except when:
The person was involved in a drowning incident.
Which statement about checking a conscious infant is true?
You should start the check from the feed and work up to the head.
If a victim is unconscious but not in a life-threatening situation, how would move them?
You would not move them.
what is classified as a closed wound?
Contusion
A condition in which breathing has stopped is called:
Respiratory arrest.
Which of the following is most likely to cause shock?
A severe allergic reaction
Care for heat Exhaustion
-move person to cooler environment -apply cool wet cloths -small sips of cool water
Care for frostbite
-never rub! -remove person from cold -skin to skin contact for minor frostbite
How do you manually stabilize a head or neck injury
-place hands on both sides of person's head -do not attempt to align the head and lower body
Care for seizures
-protect them from injury -manage airway -remove any nearby objects -911 if it lasted more than 5 mins
When giving chest thrusts to an infant who is choking, you would press down on the chest to which depth?
1-1/2 inches
Interruptions of chest compressions during CPR to give 2 breaths should be limited to less than:
10 seconds.
Joint
A structure where two or more bones are joined.
Which type of wound is more readily infected by the bacteria that may cause tetanus?
Puncture wound
You suspect that an injured person has a severe closed wound. Which of the following would you expect to find?
Tenderness and hardness in the injured area
You suspect that a person has been poisoned. She is conscious. Your first call should be to....
The Poison Control Center or your local emergency phone number.
How does the body initially respond to severe, life-threatening bleeding?
The body attempts to maintain an oxygen-rich blood flow to the vital organs.
You are caring for a victim with a burned hand. Put the hand in cool water if....
The burns are very deep. There are burns with open blisters. The burns are minor with no open blisters.
Dislocation
The displacement of a bone from its normal position at a joint.
When communicating with the emergency medical dispatcher (EMD), which of the following would be most important to provide?
The exact address or location of the injured person(s)
Strain
The excessive stretching and tearing of muscles or tendons; a pulled or torn muscle.
When would you call 9-1-1 or the designated emergency number for a child having a febrile seizure?
The first time the child has ever had a febrile seizure
Cardiac arrest is the condition in which:
The heart stops beating or beats too ineffectively to circulate blood.
A person is choking and you are preparing to give back blows. You would give back blows between the shoulder blades with:
The heel of one hand.
In which situation(s) should you call an ambulance instead of driving to the hospital emergency department?
The injury or condition is life threatening, The injury or condition could become life threatening on the way to the hospital, The route to the hospital is long or congested
Which of the following would tend to suggest a serious musculoskeletal injury?
The lack of sensation in an extremity
When the biceps contract, the arm bends at the elbow joint. When the hamstrings contract:
The leg bends at the knee joint.
You are working out at the local gym. The man next to you, who appears to be around 60 years old, is sitting on the floor stretching. As he gets up from the floor, he appears a little pale and sweaty, then suddenly becomes unresponsive. Before you have time to ask if he is OK, he wakes up and tells you that he is OK and that you should not worry, that this kind of thing happens to him occasionally. What do you think is most likely to have happened?
The man fainted.
When do you stop treating a conscious choking victim?
The obstruction is dislodged/victim goes unconscious
Lower leg
The part of the lower extremity from the knee to the ankle.
Forearm
The part of the upper extremity from the elbow to the wrist.
Sprain
The partial or complete tearing or stretching of ligaments and other soft tissue structures at a joint.
Lower extremity
The parts of the body from the hip to the toes.
Upper extremity
The parts of the body from the shoulder to the fingers.
What signals should you look for to determine if a person is bleeding internally?
The person is vomiting blood or coughing up blood. There are tender, swollen, bruised areas or hard bumps on the body. The person is confused, faint, drowsy or unconscious.
What would be least likely to influence the severity of a poisoning?
The time of day the person was poisoned
Blood volume refers to:
The total amount of blood circulating in the body
Where would you place the AED pads on an adult?
The upper right chest and the left side of the chest
Walking Assist
To move a person who can walk but needs help. Place the person's arm around your shoulder or waist (depending on how tall the person is), and hold it in place with one hand. Then Support the person with your other hand around the person's waist. (Another responder can also support the person in the same way on the other side.)
Ankle Drag
To move a person who is too large to move another way. Cross the person's arms over their chest. Firmly grasp the person's ankles. Move backward, pulling the person in a straight line and being careful not to bump the person's head.
Clothes Drag
To move a responsive or an unresponsive person who may have a head, neck or spinal injury. Grasp the person's shirt behind the neck, gathering enough material so that you have a firm grip. Cradle the person's head with the shirt and your hands, and pull the person to safety.
Signals for Shock
-anxiety irritability -nausea -Pale gray cool moist skin -excessive thirst
How does one care for head, neck, or spine injury
-call 9-1-1 -use manual stabilization -do not remove helmet
What are the common signals of sudden illnesses
-changes in level of consciousness -sweating, nausea, breathing problems -blurred vision
Care for thermal burns if not on fire
-cool burn with cold running water -cover loosely with sterile dressing -remove all clothing that is NOT sticking to the skin
Signals of heat exhaustion
-cool, moist ashen flushed skin -dizziness -heavy sweating -headache
What are the 3 kinds of musculoskeletal injuries
-direct force -indirect force -twisting force
Signs of a stroke
-facial dropping or drooling -trouble with speech -weakness or numbness on one side of the body
Care for shock
-keep airway open and clear -control external bleeding -don't let them get chilled or over heated -don't give food or water
Care for thermal burn if still on fire
-stop drop and roll -smother flames with blanket
What is the general EAP flow for a rescuer when additional care is needed?
1: signal 2:rescue 3: victim needs emergency care 4: provide emergency care 5: Report, advise, release 6: Equipment and faculty check/corrective action 7: return to duty
The cycle of compressions to breaths in CPR for a child is:
30 compressions for every 2 breaths.
The cycle of compressions to breaths in CPR for an adult is:
30 compressions for every 2 breaths.
When helping an unconscious choking victim, you would give an adult____ chest thrusts. For an infant you would give____ back blows and____ chest thrusts.
5, 5, 5
For which of the following burn victims should you immediately call your local emergency phone number?
A 68-year-old woman who has a blistered grease burn on her hands and arms.
Fracture
A break or disruption in bone tissue.
A wound where there is damage to the soft tissue and blood vessels under the skin is called.....
A bruise
Full-thickness burn
A burn injury involving all layers of skin and underlying tissues; skin may be brown or charred, and underlying tissues may appear white; formerly referred to as a third- degree burn.
Superficial burn
A burn injury involving only the top layer of skin, the epidermis, characterized by red, dry skin; formerly referred to as a first-degree burn
Partial-thickness burn
A burn injury involving the epidermis and dermis, characterized by red, wet skin and blisters; formerly referred to as a second-degree burn.
Binder
A cloth wrapped around a person to securely hold the arm against the person's chest to add stability; also called a swathe.
Proper care for a closed wound may include applying which of the following?
A cold pack for 20 minutes
Crush Injuries
A crush injury is the result of a body part, usually an extremity, being subjected to a high degree of pressure, in most cases after being compressed between two heavy objects. Crush syndrome is also common in people who are trapped in collapsed structures due to, for example, an earthquake or act of terrorism.
Bone
A dense, hard tissue that forms the skeleton.
Splint
A device used to immobilize body parts.
Tendon
A fibrous band that attaches muscle to bone.
Ligament
A fibrous band that holds bones together at a joint.
Puncture/Penetrations
A puncture/penetration wound results when the skin is pierced with a pointed object, such as a nail, a piece of glass, a splinter or a knife, also a gunshot wound. internal bleeding can be severe if the penetrating object damages major blood vessels or internal organs. An object that remains in the open wound is called an embedded object
What is a sign of infection?
A red, swollen area around the wound
A concussion refers to:
A temporary impairment of brain function.
Muscle
A tissue that contracts and relaxes to create movement.
When applying a commercially manufactured tourniquet, you would position the tourniquet at which area?
About 2 inches above the wound, but not on a joint
When performing CPR with two rescuers what are the ratios for an adult child and infant?
Adult: 30:2 Child: 15:2 Infant: 15:2 (fingers)
You loosen restrictive clothing, such as a tie or collar, of a person who has fainted to:
Allow for unrestricted blood flow.
You are playing soccer when a player on the other team falls. They try to break the fall with an outstretched arm. When they get up, the player is holding their left arm close to their body and is complaining of shoulder pain. How would you initially respond to this suspected shoulder injury?
Allow the person to continue holding their arm in the most comfortable position.
Which of the following behaviors reduces your risk for injury?
Always wearing a safety belt when riding in automobiles. And limiting intake of alcohol.
A person working in a factory has sustained an injury in which a portion of his thumb got caught in a cutting machine and became completely severed. You would identify this type of wound as:
Amputation.
Abrasions
An abrasion is the most common type of open wound. It is characterized by skin that has been rubbed or scraped away, such as often occurs when a child falls and scrapes their hands or knees on a rough surface
You are playing softball and one of the players on your team sits on the bench next to you. They are sweating and complain that they are feeling nauseous. You learn that they have no known long-term conditions that may account for these symptoms. Your teammate may be suffering from:
An acute sudden illness.
Avulsions
An avulsion is a serious injury in which a portion of the skin and sometimes other soft tissue is partially or completely torn away
Poisoning occurs when:
An external substance that can cause injury, illness or death enters the body.
You should suspect that a victim has head and spine injuries for....
An incident involving a lightning strike. A person found unconscious for unknown reasons. A fall from the height greater than the victim's height.
Care first when...
An unconscious child younger than 12 who you didn't see collapse/any victim of a nonfatal drowning (provide two minutes of care then call 911)
A person with poisoning who develops hives, itching or burning skin or eyes, and rapid or troubled breathing might be experiencing:
Anaphylactic shock.
A middle-aged man was playing tennis when he suddenly felt a pain in his chest. He stopped playing and the pain went away after a few minutes. Since the man had recently eaten a large meal, he assumed that the pain was just indigestion. What would be the most likely cause of the pain?
Angina pectoris
Call First when...
Any adult or child about 12 years old who is unconscious flash a child or infant who you witnessed suddenly collapse.
Critical burn
Any burn that is potentially life threatening, disabling or disfiguring; a burn requiring advanced medical care.
You place a person having a stroke in a position to allow fluids to drain from their mouth based on which reason?
Any muscle weakness caused by a stroke may affect swallowing and allow fluid accumulation.
You are caring for an injured person who is bleeding from a wound on one arm. You have applied direct pressure to the wound and placed a pressure bandage on the wound. Unfortunately, the bleeding continues and the pressure bandage is now soaked with blood. Which action would be most appropriate?
Apply an additional pressure bandage to absorb the blood and call 9-1-1.
Which of the following should be done for a person experiencing a heat related illness.
Apply cool wet cloths.
When giving care for external bleeding, what should you do first?
Apply direct pressure
Which should be part of your care for a severely bleeding open wound?
Apply direct pressure and elevate the injured area. (If no broken bones)
Which actions would be most appropriate when caring for a person who is bleeding?
Apply direct pressure to the wound, then apply a pressure bandage.
You are preparing to control external bleeding on a person with a wound on the upper arm. Which of the following would you do first?
Apply direct pressure to the wound.
Which is the first step when caring for bleeding wounds
Apply direct pressure with a clean or sterile dressing.
What is the FIRST step in caring for a bleeding wound?
Apply direct pressure with a sterile or clean dressing
After applying a splint, which of the following would be least appropriate to do?
Apply heat to the injured area.
You are giving care to a person in shock while waiting for emergency medical services (EMS) to arrive. Which of the following would be the priority?
Applying a tourniquet for severe, life-threatening bleeding
You are alone at an emergency scene and determine that you need to move the person. You plan to use the walking-assist move. While performing this move, you would use one hand to hold the person's arm around your shoulder and place your other hand at which location?
Around the person's waist
Which of the following is the most important step that you can take when giving care to a person who has a life-threatening condition?
Call 9-1-1 or the designated emergency number for help.
What would you do for an unresponsive person who is breathing normally and may be experiencing a diabetic emergency?
Call 9-1-1 or the designated emergency number immediately.
When caring for a person who is experiencing chest pain, which of the following would you do first?
Call 9-1-1 or the designated emergency number while comforting the person and being prepared to give CPR.
It is a typical late-fall day and your father has been outside for a good part of the day working in the yard. When he enters the house, he is visibly shivering and appears to be somewhat confused and disoriented. His clothing is soaked (apparently from working with the garden hose). Which of the following would be appropriate to do first?
Call 9-1-1 or the designated emergency number.
You are giving care to a person having an asthma attack. The person uses their quick-relief medication, but their breathing does not improve after doing so. Which of the following would you do next?
Call 9-1-1 or the designated emergency number.
Care for musculoskeletal injuries
Call 911 if -deformity -snap or pop -inability to move normally -injury to head, neck, or spine
You suspect that someone is having a severe allergic reaction to a bee sting and is having trouble breathing. What should you do?
Call 911 immediately and care for the person until help arrives.
What should you do if you suspect that a conscious person has been poisoned?
Call the Poison Control Center and follow the advice given.
You suspect that a person might have ingested a poison. You should:
Call the national Poison Help line, 9-1-1 or the designated emergency number.
What should you do if you think a victim has serious internal bleeding?
Call your local emergency phone number for help.
How can bystanders be helpful to you while you are checking the scene?
Calling 9-1-1 or the designated emergency number, or retrieving first aid supplies
Once you have recognized that a life threatening emergency exists and you decide to act, which is the first and most important action you should prefer as a citizen responder?
Calling 9-1-1 or the local emergency number.
Hypothermia
Can be caused by swimming in waters below 70 degrees
The microscopic vessels that serve to transfer oxygen and nutrients from the blood into the cells are called:
Capillaries.
A girl is unconscious, she is heavily dressed and her skin is reddish, dry and hot, what should you do?
Check for breathing and pulse, Call 911, get the girl out of the heat, loosen tight clothing, and cool her off any way you can.
The correct order of the three basic steps you should take in handling an emergency with an adult victim are:
Check the scene and victim, call 9-1-1 or the local emergency number, then care for the victim.
You are performing CPR on an adult when you notice that the person shows an obvious sign of life. Which action would you do next?
Check to see if the person is breathing normally.
You have come upon an incident. After ensuring that the scene is safe, you approach a child who is awake and alert and determine that the child is experiencing respiratory distress. Without further inspection, you immediately know that the:
Child's heart is still beating.
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR):
Circulates blood that contains oxygen to the vital organs.
Which two emergency moves would be most appropriate to use for a person suspected of having a head, neck or spinal injury?
Clothes drag and blanket drag
what would be a factor that a person could control to help prevent heat-related illnesses or cold-related emergencies?
Clothing worn
A person appears to have a lump near the elbow. How might you determine if the lump is a deformity?
Compare one elbow to the other.
Performing CPR on an infant is similar to performing CPR on an adult except that for an infant, you would:
Compress the infant's chest about 1-1/2 inches.
When checking using the emergency action steps you check which of the following first?
Consciousness
When performing CPR on an adult, you would use:
Two hands on the center of the chest on the lower half of the sternum
You are alone in an emergency situation involving an adult. Which of the following would make it necessary to call 9-1-1 or the designated emergency number first, before giving care?
Unresponsiveness
Which of the following would you expect to observe in an infant who is in cardiac arrest?
Unresponsiveness and no normal breathing
How would you remove a bee stinger embedded in a person's skin?
Use the edge of a plastic card or tweezers to scrape the stinger away.
Cardiac arrest is life-threatening because:
Vital organs are not receiving oxygen-rich blood
Which signs or symptom would least likely indicate a breathing emergency?
Vomiting
You work in a laboratory facility. Someone is conducting experiments in the next lab. You hear a noise that sounds like "pop," followed by the crash of glass. As you approach the lab door, you notice a foul smell coming from under the door. You shout through the closed door but get no answer. You call 9-1-1 or the designated emergency number. What should you do next?
Wait for emergency medical services (EMS) personnel to arrive. Do not enter the room because the fumes might be harmful to you.
A child has been bitten by another child and there is minimal bleeding from the wound. Which action would be most appropriate to do first?
Wash the area with soap and water.
How can you reduce the risk of disease transmission when caring for open, bleeding wounds?
Wash your hands immediately after giving care. Avoid direct contact with blood. Use protective barriers such as gloves or plastic wrap.
what would you identify as indicating frostbite?
Waxy, discolored skin
The most effective action you can take to minimize disease transmission when caring for a person with external bleeding is to:
Wear disposable latex-free gloves while giving care.
A person you are helping is awake and alert but is complaining of a severe headache, pain in their abdomen and nausea. You observe that the person's lips and mouth are very red and swollen. You suspect that the person might have been exposed to a poison. What SAMPLE question might you ask to help confirm your suspicion?
What have you recently had to eat or drink?
You suspect that a person is experiencing an asthma attack based on which of the following?
Wheezing
When do you perform conscious choking?
When the victim is conscious has an obstructed airway has a pulse and is not breathing.
When do you perform an AED treatment?
When the victim is unconscious has a clear airway no breathing and no pulse.
When do you preform CPR?
When the victim is unconscious has a clear airway no breathing and no pulse.
When do you preform ventilations?
When the victim is unconscious has a clear airway yes pulse and no breathing.
When do you perform unconscious choking strategies?
When the victim is unconscious has an abstract of airway yes/no pulse and is not breathing
When do you stop performing CPR on a victim?
When the victim shows obvious signs of life, you are too exhausted to continue, the scene becomes unsafe, AED arrives, EMS arrives, or a rescuer would higher training steps in the place.
When do you stop using an AED?
When there's obvious signs of life
When do you stop giving ventilations?
When there's obvious signs of life flash every two minutes recheck ABC's
You are caring for a person involved in a crash when that person suddenly becomes uncooperative and threatens to hurt you. What should you do?
Withdraw and wait for EMS personnel to arrive.
How does care for an injury to the cheek differ from care for other soft tissue injuries?
You can control bleeding from both sides of the wound.
Most injuries are due to situations that....
You have no control over or could not have been prevented.
Splint an injury to a muscle, bone, or joint only when....
You have to move or transport the victim. Or you can do so without hurting the victim
Which of the following is the most important reason for checking the scene before approaching to help an injured or ill person?
You might become injured or ill yourself if the scene is unsafe.
A friend has a deep cut on their arm. After a few days of caring for the cut, your friend says they are not feeling well and shows you red lines starting at the cut and progressing up their arm. Your friend asks your advice on what to do next. You should tell your friend to:
Contact their healthcare provider immediately to determine further care.
When caring for someone who has suffered an electrical burn, you would not....
Cool the burned area.
What should you put on a minor (first-degree) burn?
Cool water
Which of the following might be a sign of exertional heat exhaustion?
Cool, moist, pale skin
A heart attack commonly results from:
Coronary heart disease.
If blood is spurting from a wound, what should you do?
Cover the wound with a clean cloth and apply continuous pressure with the palm of your hand, Take measures to avoid direct contact with blood such as using disposable gloves. If bleeding continues (in spite of your efforts to stop it) 9-1-1 should be called.
To care for a victim with a sucking chest wound, you would?
Cover the wound with a dressing that doesn't allow air to pass through.
If you need to call 9-1-1 in an emergency, what should you tell the dispatcher?
Describe the emergency, Give your name and the telephone number of the phone you are using to make the call, Give the exact address where the emergency occurred.
This sudden illness results from too much or too little sugar in the person's blood. What is it?
Diabetic Emergency
A boy on your bus has been coughing for over a minute, what should you do?
Encourage the boy to cough and get medical attention a.s.a.p.
Before the AED analyzes the heart rhythm, you should:
Ensure that no one, including you, is touching the person.
How often should you get a tetanus shot to protect against infection?
Every 5 to 10 years or when a wound is contaminated by dirt
F.A.S.T stands for... And applies for
Face, arms, speech, time Applies to stroke Victims. ( be prepared for cardiac arrest)
T or F: It is not necessary to ask for consent when and adult is conscious and choking.
False
T or F: Walking assists, 2 people seated carry and ankle drag are all good ways to move a victim with a suspected spinal injury.
False
Which of the following would be least likely to be considered a fear or concern that would prevent a person from acting in an emergency?
Feeling confident in first aid training and ability
A 15-year-old boy has just splashed a chemical on his face. After sending someone to call for an ambulance, you would....
Flush the burned area with large amounts of water until the ambulance arrives
After brushing dry chemicals off an affected person, which action would you do next?
Flush the skin with large amounts of continuous running water.
What do you do for a chemical burn?
Flush with large amounts of cool water until help arrives.
You find your older adult neighbor sitting on the front steps of his house. He is awake and alert. He tells you that he accidentally locked himself out. Your neighbor has been outside in the cold and snow for several hours and tells you that he can't feel his feet anymore. Which of the following would you suspect?
Frostbite
When acting as a trained lay responder, Good Samaritan laws would be least likely to protect you if you:
Gave care based on implied consent to a person who was awake and alert.
The top priority of a trained lay responder is to:
Get professional help to the injured or ill person as soon as possible.
Your child is playing in the park and tells you that a squirrel bit him. What care would you give your child?
Get the child to professional medical care as soon as possible.
What should you do for a person with heat exhaustion?
Get the person out of the heat and into a cooler place
How should you care for someone with frostbitten hands?
Get the person to a warm environment and then rewarm his or her hands in warm water
After properly placing your hands to give abdominal thrusts to an awake adult who is choking, which action would you do next?
Give 5 quick upward thrusts into the abdomen.
When caring for a student who is suffering from heat cramps.
Give cool water or sports drink.
If a person is in shock. Do all of the following except:
Give the person water to drink.
Care for a person suffering from an exercise-associated muscle cramp includes:
Giving the person a sports drink.
A person tells you that they have a history of diabetes mellitus and asks you for something with sugar in it because they are feeling "a little shaky." Which of the following would be most appropriate to give to the person?
Glucose tablets
You have applied direct pressure to a bleeding wound on a person's forearm and have covered the dressing with a bandage. You would check for circulation at which location?
Hand
An aura may be experienced before a person:
Has a seizure.
You come upon a responsive person who is bleeding from a cut on the forehead. You want to help but do not have any disposable latex-free gloves to wear as a protective barrier. What is the best way for you to care for this person?
Have the injured person apply pressure with their hand.
You are preparing to give care in an emergency situation to an awake and alert person who has significant bleeding from a wound. Disposable latex-free gloves are not available. Which action would be the most appropriate?
Have the person apply pressure with their own hand to the wound.
You are giving care to a person in shock, but you are unsure as to what injuries the person may have. You would:
Have the person lie flat.
Care for continued external bleeding without stopping
if it does not stop with pressure and gauze use a tourniquet
What can happen if you re-warm someone to quickly?
it could cause abnormal heart rhythms
What kind of narcotic is cocaine
it is a stimulant
A first aid responder should move a victim when....
it would make it easier to administer first aid. Or The victim is in a dangerous position.
Main priority for burns
remove from source and apply clean sterile dressing
Seizures
when brain functions are disrupted as a result of abnormal electrical activity
You think that a person might be having a heart attack. Which action would be appropriate to take?
Have the person stop what they are doing and rest comfortably.
A victim of a car accident has just vomited and now appears to be coughing up blood. He is breathing very quickly and his pulse is weak and fast. What is most likely wrong?
He has internal bleeding.
The progression that heat-related emergencies can follow from early stage (least severe) to late stage (most severe) is:
Heat cramps, heat exhaustion, heat stroke.
Your next-door neighbor has been working outside all day on a project in her backyard. When you go over to visit her, you find her sitting outside on a lawn chair. Your neighbor seems to be disoriented and has rapid, shallow breathing. Her skin is also moist, bright red and hot to the touch. Which of the following might you suspect?
Heat stroke
Dressing and bandages are used to....
Help control bleeding and prevent infection
One of the major functions of blood is to:
Help maintain a constant body temperature.
What blood borne pathogens are you exposed to when dealing with blood?
Hepatitis B Hepatitis C HIVS
One purpose of using a bandage is to:
Hold dressings in place.
Soft tissue wounds should be cared for by:
Ice and elevation. & Apply direct pressure on the area to cut down on bleeding under skin.
What do you do if a shock is advised when using an AED?
If shock is advised: "stand clear"/Press shock button/follow with two minutes of CPR/continue follow AED prompts
Why is it important to ask a person who has an insect sting if they have had any prior serious reactions to insect stings?
If the person has had a prior serious reaction, the current sting may result in anaphylaxis; call 9-1-1 or the designated emergency number.
Which of the following would a reasonable lay responder NOT do?
Immediately begin giving care.
After tying a splint on an injured arm, you find that the person's fingers are turning blue and are cool to the touch. What should you do?
Loosen the splint to allow for circulation.
Which of the following is a sign of a serious head, neck or spinal injury?
Loss of balance
You have determined that an infant is choking. Where would you position the infant's head?
Lower than the chest
Your check of the scene suggests that a victim has suffered an electrical shock. The first thing to do is....
Make sure the power is turned off.
How should you care for a person with a possible head, neck or back injury?
Minimize movement of the head, neck and back
You are walking past a construction site on a hot day when you notice one of the workers staggering about. The man is sweating profusely and tells you that he feels weak and dizzy. Which action would be most appropriate for you to do first?
Move the person to a cooler environment.
Why is it most important not to move a person from the scene unless there is immediate danger?
Moving a person can lead to further injury and pain.
Skeletal muscles
Muscles that attach to the bones.
Excess heat is removed from the body when blood vessels:
Near the skin dilate, bringing more warm blood to the surface.
How long should you check for breathing?
No more than 10 secs.
What is the worst thing you can do in an emergency?
Nothing
You are caring for a person who is in shock. The person tells you they are very thirsty and would like something to drink. Which of the following would you give the person?
Nothing
You are preparing to apply a splint to a person's forearm. Which action would you do first?
Obtain the person's consent for treatment.
When do you stop treating an unconscious choking victim?
Obvious signs of life/Breaths go in.
When giving ventilations what is the frequency for an adult and child?
One ventilation every five seconds
When giving ventilations what is the frequency for an infant?
One ventilation every three seconds
Why do you use the head tilt/chin lift technique?
Open the victims airway.
Wounds that would require stitches are....
Over an inch long.Bleeding from an artery or uncontrolled bleeding. Human or animal bites.
CPR compressions on an infant are performed using the:
Pads of two fingers.
Why does the administration of food or fluids with sugar help a person with hypoglycemia?
People with hypoglycemia have low blood sugar; extra sugar helps the cells function better.
A child who is eating a piece of candy appears to start choking on it. You determine that the child, who is awake, is indeed choking. What should you do?
Perform cycles of 5 back blows and 5 abdominal thrusts until the candy is dislodged or the child becomes unresponsive.
You have a person who is conscious and refuses help, they lapse into an unconscious state, what should you do?
Permission is "Implied" if the victim is unconscious. & Call 911 and begin to give care.
The classic symptom of a heart attack is:
Persistent chest pain, discomfort or pressure
After giving care to an injured person, you prepare to remove your disposable latex-free gloves. Which action would you do first?
Pinch the palm side of one glove near the wrist.
If the AED pads risk touching each other, such as with a small child or an infant, you should:
Place one pad in the middle of the chest and the other on the back.
One way to prepare for an emergency is to keep a list of important phone numbers near your phone. Which of these numbers should be included on the list?
Poison control center , Family doctor, Neighbor
Whatwould be most appropriate to do when giving care to a person having a seizure?
Protect the person from injury and maintain an open airway.
You feel a sudden sharp pain in the bottom of your left foot. You look at the bottom of your left shoe and see a tack sticking in your shoe. What type of wound do you probably have?
Puncture
Which is a sign or symptom of shock?
Rapid breathing
Which symptoms would indicate internal bleeding?
Rapid weak pulse, Excessive thirst. Skin that feels cool or moist, or looks pale or bluish. Tender, swollen, bruised, or hard areas of his body, such as the abdomen.
You are in a shopping mall and a person is having a seizure. The seizure only lasts a few minutes, following which the person is awake but disoriented. Which action would be most appropriate?
Reassure the person, remove or shield the person from any bystanders, ask if there are other injuries and call 9-1-1 or the designated emergency number if necessary.
Reasons why people hesitate or do not act after recognizing an emergency include all of the following except:
Reluctance to care for a family member
When caring for a person who is having a seizure, you should:
Remove nearby objects that might cause injury.
You are preparing to use an AED on a person in cardiac arrest, and you notice that the person has a medication patch on their chest. Which action would be most appropriate?
Remove the patch with a gloved hand.
To minimize the risk of disease transmission, you should:
Replace gloves that become ripped or torn.
A person, who is unconscious, not breathing, has a weak pulse, needs....
Rescue breathing.
Respiratory distress, if not immediately cared for, can lead to:
Respiratory arrest.
What would be most appropriate to do when giving care to a person with minor frostbite of the toes?
Rewarm the toes gently using skin-to-skin contact.
What is S.A.M.P.L.E
S: signs and symptoms A: allergies M:medications P: past medical history L: last intake E: events leading up to the incident
Early CPR and early defibrillation can:
Save the lives of more people in cardiac arrest.
A person who dies from anaphylaxis usually does so as a result of:
Severely impaired breathing.
Which of the following would be least likely to promote transmission of bloodborne pathogens?
Shaking hands with an infected person
If the body's initial reaction to cold does not work, which of the following occurs next?
Shivering
The victim has pale or bluish skin color, cold skin and dull or sunken eyes. These are symptoms of which medical emergency?
Shock
What do you do if a shock is not advised when using an AED?
Shock is not advised: follow with two minutes of CPR/continue AED prompts
A person is experiencing dehydration. The person is awake and able to swallow. You give them a sports drink. Which of the following would you tell the person to do?
Sip at a slow pace.
You are assisting a person with asthma to use their inhaler. You would ensure that the person is in which position?
Sitting up
When performing infant CPR or rescue breathing, what kind of breaths should you give to avoid forcing air into the infant's stomach?
Slowly and gently.
In general, a splint should be:
Snug, but not so tight that is slows circulation
In general a splint should be....
Snug, but not so tight that it slows circulation.
You are walking down the street when a young boy collapses in front of you. You come to his aid and discover that he is unresponsive and not breathing. After having a bystander call 9-1-1 or the designated emergency number, you begin CPR. After about three minutes, the child begins to breathe normally. What should you do?
Stop CPR, keep the airway open and continue to monitor the child.
A woman burned her hand in the lunchroom. You should:
Stop the burning, Cool the burn with large amounts of cold water, Cover the burn loosely with a dry, sterile dressing
A boy enters your bus, you smell alcohol, he passes out before you get to his bus stop, what should you do?
Stop the bus, check for breathing and pulse, Call 911.
Which type of sudden illness may have signs or symptoms that include weakness on one side of the body and pupils of unequal size?
Stroke
A person suffering from hypothermia needs to be moved gently. Why?
Sudden movement can cause a heart arrhythmia.
The four ways that a poison can enter a person's body are:
By being inhaled, ingested, absorbed through the skin or injected.
You suspect that a person has sustained poisoning by injection. Which of the following would help support your suspicions?
Localized itchy rash
How do you check for breathing in an unconscious individual?
Look, listen feel.
A male adult has been involved in a significant fall from a ladder. After checking the scene, you determine that there is no immediate danger. Which statement would be most appropriate to say to the person?
"Please remain still so I can assess your condition."
What is the pattern when treating an unconscious choking victim?
(Number of compressions: finger used to sweep mouth: ventilations) Adult 30:index:2 Infant 30:pinky:2
Which of the following would be most appropriate to do when giving care to a person in respiratory distress until emergency medical services (EMS) personnel arrive at the scene?
Assist the person in taking any prescribed medication for the condition.
Breathing emergencies may be caused from....
Asthma or Allergic reaction. Hyperventilation. Injury to a muscle or bone in the chest
For an infant who is choking, you would perform...
Back blows and chest thrusts
What are the ways to treat conscious choking victims?
Back blows and thrusts
You have been giving back blows and abdominal thrusts to an adult who is choking, but your efforts have been ineffective and the person becomes unresponsive. Which action would you do first?
Begin CPR with chest compressions.
When performing CPR on a child, you would compress the chest at a rate:
Between 100 and 120 compressions per minute.
For a suspected neck/spine injury, if you have to move a victim, what is the best way to do it?
Blanket Drag
Once a tourniquet is positioned around the limb and the strap is pulled tightly and secured in place, you tighten the rod until:
Bleeding stops.
Signals of head and spine injuries are:
Blood or other fluids in the ears or nose. & Unusual bumps or depressions on the head or over the spine.
An open fracture occurs when:
Bone ends cause the skin to tear.
Seizures involve irregular or abnormal electrical activity of which of the following?
Brain
One sign of respiratory distress in an infant is:
Breathing noisily.
When giving care to a person with a suspected head, neck or spinal injury, you observe the person's level of consciousness and:
Breathing.
When caring for a victim who has an object impaled in their hand, you should....
Immobilize the object by placing several dressings around it.
A victim has lost a lot of blood through a deep cut in his leg. He is breathing fast and seems pail and restless. He is probably....
In shock.
A splint is a device that maintains an injured part in place if the person must be moved. To be effective, which of the following would you do when splinting an injury?
Include the joints above and below the injury site.
An injured person suffers a puncture wound to the hand. You would anticipate that this person is at high risk for which of the following?
Infection
Which sign might you see in a person having a diabetic emergency?
Irregular breathing
A friend is stung on the arm by a jellyfish. Which of the following would be most appropriate to do immediately?
Irrigate the injured arm with large amounts of sea water.
What is true about the head tilt-chin lift technique?
It is a technique used to open the airway.
To give abdominal thrusts, you would position your covered fist:
Just above the navel (belly button)
Checking the scene lets you do all of the following except—
Keep bystanders from interfering.
checking the scene by performing a scene size-up lets you do all of the following except:
Keep bystanders from interfering.
When immobilizing an injury, which action would be most important to do?
Keep the injured area in the position found.
What is your top priority as a trained lay responder when dealing with sudden illness?
Knowing enough about sudden illness to recognize when to call 9-1-1 or the designated emergency number
A victim has a large piece of glass sticking out of her leg. You should....
Leave the glass in her leg and control the bleeding. Call your local emergency phone number
Blanket Drag
To move a responsive or an unresponsive person. Fold the blanket in half lengthwise, and place it so that the fold is alongside the person's body. Take the top layer of the folded blanket, and roll it toward the person's body. Position yourself so that the person is between you and the blanket. Put one hand on the person's shoulder and the other on their hip and roll the person onto their side, toward you, and then pull the blanket toward you so that it is against the person's body. Roll the person on to their back, onto the blanket. Pull the side of the blanket that was rolled up toward yourself so that the person is in the middle of the blanket. Gather the blanket at the person's head and pull the person to safety.
Two-Person Seat Carry
To move a responsive person who is not seriously injured. Put one arm under the person's thighs and the other across their back, under the arms. Have a second responder do the same. Interlock your arms with the other responder's arms under the person's legs and across the person's back. Lift the person in the "seat" formed by your interlocked arms.
Why should you cover burns with a clean or sterile dressing?
To prevent infection.
What are Good Samaritan laws?
To protect people that are giving care.
Why would you apply a cold pack to the entry site of a bite or sting?
To reduce pain and swelling in the affected area
Immobilize
To use a splint or other method to keep an injured body part from moving.
Increased heart rate
Too little oxygen is carried to the vital organs.
In general, Good Samaritan laws protect:
Trained lay responders who willingly give first aid without accepting anything in return.
T or F: Consent is implied for an unconscious victim.
True
T or F: You need to ask for parental consent when attending to a child or infant.
True
Care for a diabetic emergencies
call 9-1-1 conscious -give sugar, never insulin unconscious -do not give anything by mouth
direct force
causes injury at the point of impact
twisting force
causes injury when one part of the body remains still while the rest of the body is twisted or turned away from it
The steps for a response in an emergency are:
check, call, care
What are the 4 types of heat related illlnesses
dehydration heat cramps heat exhaustion heat stroke
Treatment for anaphylactic shock
epi-pen
Care for controlling bleeding
external -direct pressure with bandage internal -apply ice bag, and call 911
As a trained lay responder, you would use a hemostatic dressing for which situation?
he person has severe, life-threatening bleeding from an open abdominal wound.
Anaphylactic shock
swelling of the throat; allergic reaction
Diabetes
the inability to change glucose from food to energy
indirect force
transmits energy through the body, causing injury away from the point of impact