Session 2 (Pharmacy Practice
HIPPA was established in what year?
1996
About how much of GDP does the US spend on healthcare?
About 16% of GDP goes toward healthcare, much more than all other countries.
About how many patients suffer from HCAIs (Healthcare Associated Infections)?
About 5-15% of those hospitalized About 9-37% of those in ICU
T/F: In colonial America most medical treatment was often by men at home.
False, women were often the ones at home giving medical treatment.
When did the US see 3rd party payments begin to occur?
In 1929 Baylor University enrolled teachers in "Blue Cross" to cover hospital fees, and in 1939 "Blue Shield" was to cover physician's fees.
What is a sectarian?
It is a practitioner that has no formal training and uses homeopathic medications.
What is humoralism?
It is the idea that the body is an inter-connected whole. Many practitioners held this belief in the 19th century.
What year was Medicaid/Medicare established?
It was in 1965.
What report established standards for medical school, legally recognized only allopathic, and got rid of the apprenticeship model?
It was the "Flexner Report" in 1910. Established the 4 year curriculum (2 didactic, 2 clinical), higher admission standards, etc...
Which law made Federal funding and planning available for hospitals?
It was the National Hospital Survey and Construction Act of 1946 (a.k.a. Hill-Burton Act)
What are the two types of practitioners?
Orthodox and Sectarians
What is the infant mortality rate in the US?
Overall: 6.77/1000 births Non-Hispanic Blacks: 13.63/1000 births
What are some of the main issues with the current US healthcare system?
Very high rate of medical error (~44-98K deaths/year), Socio-economic and racial disparities, not everyone has adequate insurance, until ACA about 46 million were uninsured.
What is meant by an orthodox practitioner?
They are allopathic or regular that have some medical training or apprenticeship.
What is depletive measure?
They are drugs or procedures that have a visible change in secretion or excretions.
What are strengthening measures?
They are tonics or astringents that were often used by the lay public.
Who was Louis Hébert?
He was the first apothecary in North America in the early 1600s.