Session # 9 Covid

While life spans of Americans overall have drastically increased over the last 100 years - from 47 in 1900 to 78 in ----- - people of color and/or poor people have died years earlier than their white and ------counterparts.

2008, wealthy

"In-----white people in the United States died at an age-adjusted rate of 89 per----------- people. ▪ The pandemic will likely cause the most significant rise in white mortality since World War II. Many Americans will lose a parent or grandparent. Some will lose a brother, sister, or child. "If Black people were immune to the coronavirus, their mortality rate in 2020 would still probably ----------white people's.

2018 , 10,000, surpass

Health increases well-being as well as allows us to follow our highest -------- and contribute to society. ▪ Of course, there are always life-span variations among each group. But basic expectations about how long one lives inform many social and ------- decisions, including ------- planning.

aspirations,economic , retirement

▪ Whites are much less likely than Blacks to know about these significant disparities in mortality. ▪ Those whites who are often aware ------ that the shorter life expectancy of African Americans is a matter of genetics. Not so, say Dr. Pearson from Duke University, "What we are really talking about is structural------

assume , racism

"The gap in death rates has existed for as long as we have had data with -----people surpassing white people. Whites are only significantly more likely to die of ----- disease or ------- than Blacks.

black ,lung ,suicide

This research is a snapshot of behaviors, attitudes and opinions in April of 2020 when the pandemic had clearly established itself in the United States. At the time, the hotspots were New York City, New Jersey and Louisiana/New Orleans. ▪ To locate these data within their historical context is important because new developments can cause substantial shifts in behaviors, attitudes and opinions. For example, in areas that were not impacted by the novel coronavirus in April of 2020, people might have been much less -----------about the pandemic. That can change quickly once those areas also show high infection and death -----

concerned , rates

▪ Unfortunately, many poor white voters lean more ------- and therefore do not support increased social ------net measures. Instead of blaming wealthy elites for their predicament, some point the finger at immigrants and people of color - the least powerful players in the economic sphere. ▪ Identity politics that focuses on racial/ethnic issues often downplay the importance of social class in the maintenance of unjust social structures. But intersectional thinking and organizing might be exactly what we need to build broader coalitions to push for greater equality

conservative, safety ,

--------Race Theory can show new ways of understanding how systemic racism affects health but also point out solutions for better health outcomes. ▪ "One objective of Critical Race Theory is to go beyond merely documenting disparities. Therefore, we included policy and practice implications in the published findings and shared the findings with community members, frontline public health professionals (e.g., outreach workers, clinic staff), and study participants" (p.S34). ▪ Critical Race Theory also includes new ----------and specific methodological approaches to highlight the experience for people of color from within rather than from the outside which often represents a white perspective. ▪ By involving people from the community more centrally, researchers are more likely to get access but also stay conscious of power differences that go beyond personal racial identification and take into account educational attainment and=-----difference

critical , vocabulary , class

Decreases in life span are rare. What happened to low-education whites? ▪ First, "Globalization, automation, and unprecedented income inequality over the last several decades have led to a two-tiered economy that has hollowed out the middle class and concentrated good jobs in sectors that require a college------ (Bound et al. 2015; Montez et al. 2011; Sasson 2016)" (p. 5). ▪ Secondly, most Americans are earning high school and many college degrees at this point. Those who don't usually come from highly disadvantaged home environments. ▪ Because they drop out early, they often miss out on developing important life ---- such as reasoning, perseverance, self-control, motivation and self-esteem.

degree, skills

In addition, the public depictions of Black Americans as "physically and morally degenerate" in the early 20th century let to white----whenever Africans Americans moved into a neighborhood. ▪ Some cities even passed laws that forbade Black people to move into neighborhoods that had a ---- white population. And when politicians didn't take action, private citizens and homeowners made sure their white neighborhoods stayed white.

flight , 50%

Beyond the high death rates during slavery, segregation is responsible for many of the excess deaths in African Americans since the turn of the 20th century. ▪ Unhealthy -------conditions for Black people, including environmental degradation, are at the root of many------- from tuberculosis in the early 20th to Covid-19 in the 21st century.

housing , diseases

which race is the most worried during covid 19 ? also ------ are more likely to know someone who has been -------- by covid 19

lations , blacks , hospitalized

But Africans Americans always have fought back and created their own institutions, including institutions of higher learning. In the case of health, Black people started their own ------schools and hospitals and "fought for-----------systems and organized health education weeks.

medical , sanitation

▪ The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recently published a study that found that African American, ------ American and -----Native women were up to three times more likely to die from-------related complications. ▪ These deaths don't always occur near the time of birth. Many happen weeks and months later when pregnancy related care has ceased. ▪ High blood pressure and ----------- disease were leading causes of death. ▪ The researchers concluded that "---- percent of all pregnancy-related deaths can be prevented with better health care, communication and support, as well as access to stable housing and --------."

native ,alaskan , pregnancy , cardiovascular , sixty , transportation

▪ As we have discussed before, there are domino effects in times of crises that rock the lives of working-class and poor people - especially when they are of color - more than their better off neighbors. ▪ For example, the Coronavirus pandemic might be widening the racial ----------gap and hence the wealth gap because Black and Latino owners missed or deferred their mortgage payments in June of 2020. ▪ It might also be more difficult for people of color who want to buy a house to meet stricter -------- requirements due to lay offs on the one hand and rising home -----on the other.

ownership, mortgage ,prices

While some may blame the individual for not working harder, eating better etc., clearly poor life circumstances don't leave most people much choice or energy to pursue the good life touted online. ▪ ------ will is needed to better the conditions in which poor children grow up so they can follow their aspirations no matter which family they grew up in.

political

▪ Blacks "work jobs that limit their ability to -------." ▪ They "live in overcrowded housing." ▪ They "live closer to -------- hazards." ▪ They "have limited access to health ------▪ They "interact with a largely white medical establishment." ▪ Of course, many of the conditions that lead to poorer health outcomes in African Americans are affecting other people of color and poor whites

quarantine,environmental care

In the past, even white poor and working-class whites were generally living longer than their black and brown fellow citizens. But lately, there has been the very unusual trend of diminishing life expectancy for this group - especially among------ women. ▪ Education plays a big role in how long we live: the more------the more added -------. The reverse is true as well. "Low-education whites and low-education blacks now have roughly the----life expectancies: about 74 years for low-education white and black women and -----years for low-education white and black men (

white, education, years , same ,68

Nobody can deny anymore that inequality in the US is rampant and unnecessarily costs lives and livelihoods especially among poor people of color. ▪ Many of them are considered essential ------- who run a much higher ----- of contracting Covid-19 because of close physical contact with others.

workers, risk