Sewell (1998)

Evaluation of Sewell

:) - Shows a variety of the boys responses, only a small minority fit the stereotype :( - There is a danger of seeing the underachievement of black boys as a product of the teachers prejudices (factors outside of school and in the media can play a role)

3) The Retreatists

A tiny minority, isolated individuals who were disconnected from school and peers.

Study

Loose Cannons (Failing Boys)

Study

Studied the responses and strategies black pupils developed to cope with racism in school, they react four different ways.

2) The Conformists

The largest group, not part of a subculture and were keen to avoid being stereotyped by teachers or peers.

4) The Innovators

The second largest group, pro-education but anti-school (like Fuller's study)

1) The Rebels

The smallest but most influential and visible pupil subculture

Black machismo

What teachers had, a stereotype of black boys seeing them as rebellious, anti-authority and anti-school, made black boys more likely to be excluded.