Sex & Sexual Orientation, Exam 2
3 conclusions of the T-shirt study:
1) We're impacted by the hormone levels of other. 2) Smell appears to be one of the ways in which we detect others hormone levels. 3) We're generally unaware of what we've detected and how it influences us.
The human sex drive is highly influenced by what?
Hormone levels
Who is Simon LeVay?
Identified biological and psychological differences between homosexual and heterosexual men.
What is Sexual Orientation?
Individuals sexual attraction towards one or more sex.
These shifts in hormones can be triggered by what?
1.) Biology (e.g-cycle) 2.) External stimuli (e.g., looking at an attractive person) 3.) Internal stimulation (e.g., daydreaming about sex).
What Factors Influence Sexual Orientation?
1.) Parental Care. 2.) Personal Choice. 3.) Sexual Abuse & Mental Illness.
Why were the Kinsey Reports controversial?
1.) They were about sex and sexual activity 2.) Contained info. about homosexual acts+fantasies 3.) Sexual deviance
What're the Kinsey Reports?
2 books on sexual behavior in humans, Kinsey described the frequency of a wide range of sex-related behaviors and sexual behavior.
What did most of Alfred Kinsey's work center on?
Centered on examining the frequency of various sexual behaviors in humans.
What kind of experiment did Masters and Johnson conduct?
Couples in relationships were paid to have sex while Masters and Johnson observed their behavior
What is the Sexual Response Cycle?
Describes four stages (five for biological males) that're typical during sexual intercourse in humans.
What is the Refractory Period in men?
During resolution stage, biological males become unable to become sexually aroused.
What is the T-Shirt Study?
Miller and Maner study where 2 men smelled a shirt worn by a women not ovulating, and one that was. Their testosterone levels were higher when smelling the shirt worn by the woman ovulating.
What is Qualitative Data?
Narrative data that's often obtained by having people describe things, write a response, or respond to interview questions.
What's the third stage of the Sexual Response Cycle?
Orgasm, heart rate, respiratory rate, and pulse, all rise.
Who was Alfred Kinsey?
Researcher that headed a lab that focused on human sexual behavior.
Masters and Johnson and Kinsey also increased awareness regarding what?
Sexual Orientation
Higher levels of estrogens tend to correlate with increased what?
Sexual desire, fantasizing, and behavior in biological women (temporary effects in men as well)
What is Naturalistic Observation?
Study used to observe the behavior of animals, organisms, plants, or people, in their natural environment, while also trying to avoid influencing that environment in any way.
What're activational effects?
Temporary changes in how we experience the world.
What's the fourth stage of the Sexual Response Cycle?
The Resolution Phase, the body slowly returns to its baseline state, arousal declines and the parasympathetic system activates
What's the first stage of the Sexual Response Cycle?
The excitement phase, foreplay and kissing, increases in physiological arousal.
What's the second stage of the Sexual Response Cycle?
The plateau phase, intercourse begins leveling off of physiological arousal.
What is Single-Blind?
The researcher's unaware to an important aspect about the participant, but the participant is not unaware of this aspect.
Which regions of the brain become more active during orgasm?
The subcortical regions of the brain, particularly the ones involved in arousal, pleasure, and reward.
Who Are Masters and Johnson?
They utilized the study of animals by using modified naturalistic observation.
What is the Kinsey Scale?
Zero to six scale, where zero indicates the person's exclusively heterosexual and seven indicates the person's exclusively homosexual, that could be used to rate individuals in terms of their sexual flexibility.
Kinsey's research led him to conclude that humans weren't divided into only 2 categories, what were they?
heterosexual and homosexual.