sexually transmitted diseases

herpes findings

- 2 types: HSV-1 and HSV-2 -lesions don't have to be present to transmit infection -can be transmitted through genital rubbing -can turn 1 into 2 through oral contact -do not share; easily passed through kissing, lipstick, gloss, eating utensils

gonorrhea findings

-50% of females and 10% of men have no symptoms -also a very commonly reported STI -highest risks in sexually active teens, young adults,and African Americans

what anyone who is sexually active needs to know

-an STD/STI is a sexually transmitted infection or disease that may be passed through sexual contact or bodily fluids -most STIs are caused by viruses or bacteria -bodily fluids that may contain viruses or bacteria are: -semen, blood, vaginal secretions, breast milk -some STIs can be transmitted through oral sex

testing and treatment

-at PPLA health centers, an STI screening includes testing for: -chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, HIV -will test for specific STDs -treatment may include a course of antibiotics -partners MUST be treated

some risk factors for females

-biologically more susceptible to infection -less likely to experience symptoms (or symptom is internal and goes unnoticed) -complications may be more frequent and severe -once infected, more susceptible to infertility and reproductive cancers

false

-condoms are the best prevention against transmission of STIs (abstinence is, condoms are second best) -a person can usually tell when she/he has an STI - asymptomatic, especially women -an STI screening is a routine part of a pelvic exam- trick question you'll get screened for chlamydia, gonorrhea, HIV but not for HPYV, Hep B

PrEP aka pre-exposure prophylaxis

-daily medicine that can reduce your chance of getting HIV -can stop HIV from taking hold and spreading throughout your body - taken daily can reduce the risk of getting HIV from sex by more than 90%. Among people who inject drugs, it reduces the risk by more than 70% -your risks of getting HIV from sex can be even lower if you combine this with condoms and other prevention methods

over the counter method male condom

-latex/polyurethane -lubricated or un-lubricated (water based only) -reduces risk of STIs -feel for air to ensure condom has not been punctured

average STI knowledge

-most people have no idea how easy it is to acquire an STI -most don't believe they are personally at risk for getting an STI -less than half of adult ages 18-44 have ever been tested for an STI other than HIV

viral STIs

-not curable; stays in your body forever HPV Herpes HIV and AIDS

STI symptoms

-number one symptom of an STI is NOTHING -sometimes we see or feel: -discharge from the vagina or penis (green, yellow, or white in color) -abnormal genital bleeding -burning with urination -lower abdominal pain -flu-like symptoms that don't go away -fever, nausea, diarrhea.. chills etc

female condoms

-polyurethane (F2)/Nictirile (FC2) -highly lubricated -one-time use for one act of vaginal intercourse -reduces risk of STIs -89-95% effective when used correctly -male and female condoms should not be used at the same time

chlamydia findings

-rate highest among 15-19 year olds -75% of females and 25% of male are asymptomatic -most commonly reported STI in the US

prevention

-regular testing - every 6 months -communicate with health care provider -abstinence -regular and correct use of condoms

vaccine: gardasil

-series of 3 shots within 6 months time frame (have to start all over if past time frame) -protects against HPV and the health problems that HPV infection can cause -girls ages 9-26 helps protect against cervical, vaginal, vulvar and anal cancers and genital warts caused by 9 types of HPV -boys ages 9-26 helps protect against anal cancer and genital warts caused by those same HPV types -more effective to get the vaccine before becoming sexually active -still effective once sexually active but may have already been exposed to the virus

social risk factors

-stigma -lack of access to reproductive health care -inability to negotiate safer sex practices -ensuing treatment of partner - you and your partner must be treated at the same time; re-infection -nonconsensual sex

current stats

CDC estimates 20 million new infections each year -approximately 65 million people in US living with a viral STI -By 25, 1 in 2 sexually active persons will have contracted an STI -the cost of treating STDs contracted in just one year is $16 billion

HIV and AIDS findings

HIV-human immunodeficiency virus -transmitted through men, blood, vaginal secretions and breast milk -cannot pass through saliva -kissing can pass if there are open cuts in both individuals; exchange of blood -testing "window period" -tested for 3 months prior -takes 3 months for antibodies to show up - i can't have se with someone yesterday and take HIV test tomorrow; antibodies won't show up on the test -half of all new infections occur in people under 25 -majority of new cases ages 13-19 among females

viral hepatitis

ailment in which liver function is impaired by a viral infection

viral load

amount of HIV present in an infected person's blood

HPV findings

approximately 100 strains; several strains linked to cervical cancer -most infections clear on their own -symptoms: warts (freeze or burn off), cervical changes, asymptomatic

True

by 25, 1 in 2 sexually active persons will have contracted and STI -some STIs have serious health consequences -females are more easily infected than males

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome AIDS

catastrophic illness in which a virus HIV invades and destroys the ability of the immune system to fight disease

bacterial STIs

chlamydia gonorrhea syphilis

trachoma

chronic, contagious form of conjunctivitis caused by chlamydia

scabies

ectopstasitic infestation of tiny mites tiny parasites that cause itching. passed through skin-to-skin contact, usually during sex, can be cured

swab test

for Herpes

urine test

for chlamydia and gonorrhea

blood test

for syphilis and HIV

trichomoniasis

form of vaginitis caused by the one-celled protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis aka "trich"is a major cause of vaginitis. its very common and easily treated

HIV and AIDS

hiv is an infection that breaks down your immune system and leads to AIDS, there's no cure, but treatment can help you stay healthy

is PEP right for you?

if you are HIV negative or don't know your HIV status and in the last 72 hours you: - may have been exposed to HIV during sex (for ex: if the condom broke) -shared needles and works to prepare drugs or -were sexually assaulted talk to your health care provider, an ER doctor or your local health department about PEP right away

human immunodeficiency virus HIV

immune-system-destroying virus that causes AIDs

herpes

infection characterized by blisters on the skin in the regions of the genitals or mouth. it is caused by the Herpes simplex virus and is easily transmitted through sexual contact - common STD that infects your moth and/ or genitals causes blistery sores. there's no cure, but symptoms are treatable

pelvic inflammatory disease PID

infection in the uterus and pelvic cavity

cystitis

infection of the bladder

molluscum contagiosum

infection that causes small bumps on your skin. it goes away by itself and usually isn't dangerous

sexually transmitted diseases STIs

infections that are transmitted by sexual contact

possible health consequences

infertility -primarily chlamydia and gonorrhea are the "most important" preventable cause of infertility -CDC -reproductive cancers -increased susceptibility to HIV -ectopic pregnancy - fertilized in the fallopian tube and doesn't drop into the uterus; can die from bleeding to death -miscarriage -persistent pain -other chronic conditions/ illnesses

conjunctivitis

inflammation of he mucous membrane that lines the inner surface of the eyelid and the exposed surface of the eyeball

urethritis

inflammation of the urethral tube

nongonococcal urethritis NGU

inflammation or the urethral tube caused by organisms other than gonococcus

candidiasis

inflammatory infection of the vaginal tissues caused by the yeastlike fungus Candida albicans

pubic lice

lice that primarily infest the pubic hair and are transmitted by sexual contact -AKA crabs -small parasites that attach to the skin and hair near your genitals. easy to get rid of with treatment you can get at the drugstore

is PrEP right for you?

may benefit you if you are HIV-negative and if: -you are a gay/bisexual man and: -have multiple partners, a partner with multiple partners or a partner whose HIV status is unknown and you also have -anal sex without a condom or - recently had a STD -you are a heterosexual and: -have an HIV-positive partner -have multiple partners, a partner with multiple partners or a partner those HIV status is unknown and you also: -don't alway use a condom for sex with people who inject drugs or -don't always use a condom fro sex with a bisexual man - you inject drugs and: -share needles or equipment to inject drugs -recently went to a drug treatment program -are at risk for getting HIV from sex

can i take a round of PEP every time I have sex without a condom?

no, should only be used in emergency situations -if you are at a very high risk for HIV, ask your health care provider about daily medicine to prevent HIV (prep)

syphilis findings

occurs in 3 stages primary: painless chancres on penis, vulva, vagina; can go away on its own in 20-30 days secondary:rash on hands/feet or all over body; does not itch tertiary: disease lies dormant in body for 10-30 years; affects muscular system and nervous system; death in severe cases -72% of new cases are among MSMs -55,400 people in the US get new syphilis infections

ectoparasites

parasitic organisms that live on the other skin surfaces

chancre

raised red painless sore that is symptomatic of the primary phase of syphilis

gonorrhea

sexual transmitted infection that initially cause inflammation of mucous membranes common STD caused by a bacterial infection. often doesn't have symptoms, but easy to treat once its diagnosed

syphilis

sexually transmitted infection caused by a bacterium called Treponema pallidum common bacterial infection. easily cured with medicine, but it can be dangerous if you don't treat it

highly active antiretroviral therapy HAART

strategy for treating HIV-infected people with a combination of antiretroviral drugs

huma papillomavirus (HPV)

super common STD. is usually harmless and goes away by itself, but some types can lead to cancer

PEP aka post-exposure prophylaxis

taking medicines after you may have been exposed to HIV to prevent becoming infected -must be started within 72 hours after you may have been exposed to HIV, but the sooner, the better -need to take it once or twice daily for 28 days -effective in preventing HIV, but not 100%. always use condoms with sex partners and use safe injection practices

microbicide

topical gel or cream product that women can use vaginally to prevent or minimize the risk of being infected with HIV or other STIs. Some f the products under investigation have both spermicidal and antimicrobial capabilities. Health officials hope to eventually have effective products for both categories, because some users will want protection against both unwanted pregnancies and STIs, whereas others will seek on protection against infection

chlamydia

urogenital infection caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis very common STD caused by a bacterial infection, often doesn't have symptoms, but easy to treat once its diagnosed

bacterial vaginosis BV

vaginal infection caused by bacterial microorganisms, it is the most common from of vaginitis among US women

genital warts

viral warts that appear on the genitals and are primarily transmitted sexually -growths on the genital area and around the anus. caused by certain types of HPV

prodromal symptoms

warn of an impending herpes eruption