Sleep Disorders Slides 13-17

You have studied a fair amount for an important test tomorrow but are considering pulling an all-nighter so that you can really be prepared. According to research on sleep deprivation, the best thing to do would be to ____________, since students who stay up all night studying have been found to ___________ on cognitive tasks.

go to bed and sleep; do worse

For the past few years, Jane has been becoming depressed during the winters. It usually starts around October and continues until February or March, when her mood usually starts to improve. Jane is most likely suffering from:

seasonal affective disorder.

Mr. Owens always sleeps restlessly, snoring and gasping during the night. It is most likely that Mr. Owens suffers from

sleep apnea.

Lucy wants to go to sleep at 10:00 p.m. because she gets up for work at 5:30 a.m. She has been trying for a month to fall asleep by 10:00 p.m. but can't seem to fall asleep until after 11:00 p.m. Lucy most likely has

sleep-onset insomnia.

Sleepwalking typically occurs during ____________ and people who sleepwalk usually have ________________.

stage 3 and stage 4 sleep; blank stares and are unresponsive to people

What did Barber and colleagues find when they asked students to complete a daily sleep log and online diaries of perceived stress in life over a five-day period?

A few days of sleep deficiency early in the week can contribute to psychological strain later in the week despite attempts to offset with subsequent sleep.

Which of the following best describes narcolepsy?

A sleep disorder that involves excessive, uncontrollable daytime sleepiness.

Dave is an employed youth who works on a graveyard shift. Of late, though, he has been complaining of disturbed sleep and poor concentration. He also feels fatigued and listless more often. Change in which of the following is most likely to have caused Dave's problems?

Circadian rhythm

Assume that you were a physician who is treating a person with seasonal affective disorder. Based on your knowledge of effective treatments for this problem, which of the following would you recommend?

Expose her to bright artificial lights for 1-2 hours each day.

Nightmares are to __________ as night terrors are to _________.

REM sleep; Stage 4 sleep

Sarah, five years of age, vividly dreams about visiting fairyland and meeting the fairy godmother who gives her a rare protective amulet. What does this imply?

Sarah is in REM sleep

Jordan has decided to go to sleep early. Although her eyes are closed and she is very relaxed, she has not yet fallen asleep. An EEG is most likely to indicate the presence of

alpha waves.

In a lab study, what effect did sleep deprivation have on rats?

The growth of new neurons was inhibited.

You are visiting a sleep lab one afternoon and happen to see the sleep log of a person who spent the previous night sleeping in the lab. You see that the person slept a little over 6 hours and that they didn't get very much deep sleep. Based on this information, what can you conclude about this person?

The person is most likely an older adult.

Jet lag, seasonal affective disorder, and shift work all involve the disruption of:

circadian rhythms

During the day, the suprachiasmatic nuclei are active and function to __________ the pineal gland's secretion of _____________, which serves to raise the body's temperature and increase alertness.

decrease; melatonin

When does sleepwalking usually occur?

during non-REM sleep

You are flying to the _____ and your traveling has effectively shortened the day. The best thing to do to reset your circadian clock would be to expose yourself to outdoor light in the _____________.

east; morning

Which of the following environmental factors helps to reset our 24-hour biological clock?

exposure to light after a night of sleep

The sleep disorder narcolepsy occurs when individuals

fall unexpectedly into a deep sleep in the middle of daily activities.

Your friend Helen works the night shift at the local grocery store every other day. She has trouble sleeping which is most likely due to

her circadian rhythms do not follow a 24-hour cycle.

Jerry is in the process of getting a divorce and is having trouble at his job. Previously he had not had any sleep disorders but is bothered by one now. Which disorder would he most likely have developed?

insomnia

When attempting to differentiate between insomnia and occasional trouble getting a good night's sleep, it is important to remember that:

insomnia is more frequent and persistent.

Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder characterized by

irresistible urges to fall asleep.

You awaken in the middle of the night to find your roommate standing in the corner of your room with an aggressive look on his face, punching a pillow, and running in place. Despite this strange behavior, you realize that your roommate is still asleep, and when you wake him he shares with you that he was having this bizarre dream about having been involved in a fight while running on a treadmill. Given what you have learned in introductory psychology, it is most likely that your roommate:

may have REM sleep behavior disorder.

Anna is a marketing head who is required to travel a lot. She is even required to travel frequently across Asian and African countries for short periods of time. The disruptive effects of jet travel make her disoriented, groggy, irritable, and fatigued. If she visits her doctor, which of the following will most likely be prescribed for her?

melatonin

In the afternoon, Bill has great difficulty staying awake during his math class. Even if he is well rested and interested in the material that is being presented, he often falls asleep. In fact, it is not unusual for this kind of behavior to happen to him during other times of the day as well. Bill most likely suffers from:

narcolepsy

The sleep disorder called ____________ involves extreme daytime sleepiness and sudden, uncontrollable sleep attacks.

narcolepsy

During a heated argument with his teenage daughter, Mr. Reed suddenly lapsed into a stage of REM sleep. Mr. Reed apparently suffers from

narcolepsy.

A terrifying kind of dream that occurs during REM sleep and whose content is exceptionally frightening or uncomfortable is called a(n)

nightmare.

Dreams occurring during ________ sleep are briefer, less fragmented, and less likely to involve visual images compared to ________ sleep.

non-REM; REM