Smartbook 2.0 McGraw-Hill

The first ______ amendments to the Constitution became known as the Bill of Rights.

10

Identify elements of the executive branch. (Check all that apply.)

Advisory boards Executive departments Government corporations Federal agencies Presidential commissions

Identify the method for proposing a constitutional amendment that most states allow but that the federal government does not allow.

Ballot initiatives

The three sections of the U.S. Constitution are the __________, the _________, and the ____________.

Blank 1: Preamble Blank 2: Articles Blank 3: Amendments

The goal of capitalism is to create a free market so that _________ and _______ will be free to make their own economic decisions.

Blank 1: buyers Blank 2: sellers

While the Federalists supported the Constitution, the Anti-Federalists opposed it because they feared a strong national ___________ and didn't like the fact that the Constitution had been drafted in ______________.

Blank 1: government Blank 2: secret

How have all of the current amendments been proposed?

By a two-thirds vote in the House and Senate

Identify the true statements about how the Constitution divides government powers.

Concurrent powers are shared and independently exercised by the national government and the states. Delegated powers are granted to the national government. Reserved powers are granted to the states.

Legislative

Congress

A key problem of the judicial system under the Articles of Confederation was that ______.

Congress could not enforce its own laws

Which of the following were included in the Articles of Confederation? (Check all that apply.)

Congressional control of all aspects of the central government A unicameral legislature State control of all governmental functions not mentioned in the Articles

After Shays's Rebellion, Congress authorized a convention to revise the Articles of Confederation, but after months of debate, they decided to write a new plan for government called the ______________.

Constitution

True or false: When a government settles on a course of action, we call that course of action a government initiative.

False

What are the three main systems of government? (Check all that apply.)

Federal Confederate Unitary

Anti- Federalists

Inland farmers and laborers who opposed the Constitution

Identify the three branches of government created by the Constitution to form the structure of the U.S. national government. (Check all that apply.)

Legislative Executive Judicial

Identify supporters of limited national government and stronger state governments. (Check all that apply.)

Libertarians Tea Party members Republicans

Identify powers that states exercise under federalism.

Preserve natural resources Protect individual rights Make and enforce criminal laws Provide for public health, education, and welfare Regulate and promote business

What are some of the basic functions of government? (Check all that apply.)

Setting priorities and making decisions on behalf of the people Requiring people to serve in the army Deciding which actions are crimes and deciding who has to pay taxes (and how much)

When conflicts arise between the national government and one or more of the state governments, the ______ is often called upon to settle the dispute.

Supreme Court

Identify the three sections of the U.S. Constitution. (Check all that apply.)

The Preamble The Articles The Amendments

Identify the amendments that made structural changes to the Constitution.

The Twenty-fifth Amendment The Seventeenth Amendment The Twelfth Amendment The Twenty-seventh Amendment The Twentieth Amendment The Eleventh Amendment The Twenty-second Amendment

Judicial

The federal courts

The House

The number of representatives from each state is based on the state's population.

The Senate

The number of representatives from each state is the same.

Identify examples of how the executive branch and Congress cooperate with each other to carry out government business.

The president negotiates a trade treaty with a foreign country and then submits the treaty to Congress for approval. Congress passes a law and submits it to the president for his or her signature. The president proposes legislation and works with Congress to get it enacted.

Almost every state has a ______ state legislature.

bicameral

The Founders created a new system of government called federalism in an effort to keep the ______ from having too much power.

central government

Powers that the states and the national government both exercise independently of each other are called ________ powers.

concurrent

Powers granted to the national government are called ______ powers.

delegated

The main way the national government provides money to the states is through ______.

federal grants

The courts exercise the power of judicial review in part because the meanings of some words and phrases in the Constitution are ______.

imprecise

The courts determine whether laws passed by Congress are constitutional through ______ ______.

judicial review

The idea of ______ is that a government's power is not absolute.

limited government

Even if a government calls itself a democracy, it may not actually be a democracy if it doesn't adhere to certain ______ that guide all true democracies.

principles

When a government settles on a course of action, the course of action is called a ______.

public policy

In the aftermath of Shays's Rebellion, delegates demanded and Congress consented to a convention for the purpose of ______ the Articles of Confederation.

revising

Unlike the process for amending the U.S. Constitution, almost all states require new amendments to state constitutions to be approved by ______.

the voters

True or false: A bicameral legislature has two houses.

true

The Connecticut Compromise suggested that the legislative branch be bicameral, meaning that it should have ______.

two houses

The goal of socialism is an equal distribution of ______.

wealth

Identify the true statements about federal grants to state governments. (Check all that apply.)

Federal grants are sums of money given to state or local governments for specific purposes. Federal grants redistribute income among the states. Federal block grants are based on the population of the states.

Identify the ways in which federalism increases opportunities for political participation.

Federalism allows citizens to vote on specific local issues, such as whether to pass local laws or increase local taxes. Federalism allows citizens to vote for officials at many levels of government, thus influencing public policy in many ways.

Why was the Mayflower Compact significant? (Check all that apply.)

It allowed the Pilgrims to choose their own leaders and make their own laws. It helped the Pilgrims survive to establish the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1636. It was the first written plan for colonial self-government and a precursor to the Constitution.

Select the statements that a supporter of limited government would be likely to agree with.

It is wrong for the police to confiscate people's property if they haven't been convicted of a crime. The government should not be able to imprison people without a fair trial. There should be no taxation without representation.

What were the effects of the embargo and boycott of British goods imposed by the First Continental Congress? (Check all that apply.)

King George III declared the New England governments to be in a state of rebellion. British redcoats clashed with colonial militiamen at Lexington and Concord, starting the Revolutionary War.

Federalists

Merchants, city dwellers, and coastal residents who favored the Constitution Merchants, city dwellers, and coastal residents who favored the Constitution

Select all of the actions that are examples of the basic functions of government. (Check all that apply.)

Passing laws to make drunk driving a crime Determining that high-income people should pay higher income taxes than low-income people Requiring that all young men register for the military draft

Identify the true statements about the U.S. government's changing roles in the economy over time. (Check all that apply.)

The federal government has become the single largest buyer of goods and services in the United States. The federal government has become more involved in regulating industries to protect consumer health and safety. During the Great Depression, the federal government created programs to provide basic economic security.

What types of problems did the national government have under the Articles of Confederation? (Check all that apply.)

The government had no national court system, making it difficult for the central government to settle disputes between the states. The national government appeared weak in the eyes of foreign countries. Congress passed few laws because it was too easy for the states to block them. Congress could not force the states to give it money.

Identify federal protections for the states guaranteed in Article IV, Section 4 of the Constitution.

The national government must guarantee each state a republican form of government. The national government must protect states from foreign invasion, and from civil unrest when asked to do so by the states.

Identify aspects of the power of judicial review. (Check all that apply.)

The power to interpret parts of the Constitution The power to determine whether federal laws violate the Constitution

Executive

The president, administrative departments, and agencies

A local charter is used to establish _____.

a bill of rights the procedures for electing local officials the type of government a community will have the powers and responsibilities of the local government

An economy in which decisions are made at the upper levels of government and handed down to the rest of the nation is called a ______ economy.

command

For the most part, twenty-first-century ______ believe the Constitution sets clear limits on the power of the national government; they therefore support stronger state governments.

conservatives

Britain imposed ______ burdensome laws on the colonists after the French and Indian War, creating tension between the colonists and British authorities.

financially

Capitalism creates a free market so that people can make economic decisions without limits imposed by ______.

government

In a command economy, the ______ decide(s) what to produce, how much to produce, and how to distribute the goods and services produced.

government

After the First Continental Congress imposed an embargo on Britain and a boycott of British goods, King George III declared that the New England governments were ______.

in a state of rebellion

The three branches of government had ______ to do in the early days of the United States than they do today.

much less

The Mayflower Compact was the first of many colonial plans for ______.

self-government

If a person convicted of a crime in one state flees to a state where the act he or she committed isn't a crime, the governor of that state must ______.

send the convict back to the state where he or she was convicted of the crime

Members of the House of Representatives have always been elected by the people, but initially, members of the Senate were elected by the ______.

state legislatures

The Northern and Southern states resolved their dispute over how to count enslaved African Americans by agreeing to count only ______ of them for tax and representation purposes.

three-fifths

Why did the French and Indian War change the relationship between Britain and the American colonies?

After the war, the British believed the colonists should pay the war debts because the debts had been incurred protecting the colonists. After the war, the British maintained a standing army in the colonies, creating a financial burden on Britain.

The Constitution requires governors to _________ criminals who flee across state lines, and if a governor refuses to do this, the federal ________ may intervene.

Blank 1: extradite Blank 2: government

The Founders created a system called __________ in order to create one nation in a way that would protect the liberties of citizens from an all-powerful government.

Blank 1: federalism

Socialism is an economic system in which plays a significant role in the economy but does not completely control it.

Blank 1: government

Since the Great Depression of the 1930s, the federal government's role in the economy has __________ this is due in part to the federal government's involvement in labor-management relations, environmental regulation, and control over _________ institutions.

Blank 1: increased Blank 2: financial

The process by which the courts interpret the Constitution and strike down laws that violate the Constitution is called ___________ _________.

Blank 1: judicial Blank 2: review

In one example of how the executive branch and the legislative branch cooperate with each other to carry out government business, the __________ branch appropriates funds for the government to function and the ___________ branch spends those funds.

Blank 1: legislative Blank 2: executive

An __________ _________ is a document that a state government issues to a local government to grant a community legal status and to allow it to have a separate, local government.

Blank 1: local Blank 2: charter

The executive branch, headed by the____________ , includes numerous executive departments that carry out or enforce laws passed by ______________.

Blank 1: president Blank 2: Congress

Under federalism, states can make laws about anything that is not ________ by the national law or the __________.

Blank 1: prohibited Blank 2: Constitution

The Three-Fifths Compromise settled the dispute between the Northern and Southern states over how to count enslaved African Americans for purposes of ________and ________ .

Blank 1: representation Blank 2: taxes

Article IV, Section 4 of the U.S. Constitution requires the national government to guarantee each state a _______ form of government, and it requires the national government to protect the states from ___________ .

Blank 1: republican Blank 2: invasion

In almost all the state legislatures, there is an upper house called the _________ and a lower house that is usually called the _______ of _______.

Blank 1: senate Blank 2: house Blank 3: representatives

Federalism increases opportunities for political participation by allowing citizens to _________ on a regular basis for leaders and policies at many ___________ of government.

Blank 1: vote Blank 2: levels

Identify the ways of proposing amendments to the Constitution. (Check all that apply.)

By a two-thirds vote in the House and Senate By two-thirds of the states asking Congress to call a convention

How do political scientists classify governments? (Check all that apply.)

By how democratic they are By how they divide power between the larger society and its smaller parts

Identify the true statements about the Supreme Court's role in settling conflicts between the national government and state governments.

By settling disputes between national government and state governments, the Supreme Court acts as the umpire for our federal system. The Supreme court ruled in 1819 that in conflicts between state governments and the national government, the national government is supreme. Over time, the Supreme Court's views have shifted on how powers should be divided between the state governments and the national government.

Identify the principles of democracy. (Check all that apply.)

Equality Limited government and a bill of rights Economic freedom Competing political parties Transparency The rule of law Citizen participation Control of the abuse of power Regular free and fair elections Accountability Individual or human rights Majority rule with minority rights Independent judiciary Accepting the results of elections