Smartbook 5

The method of job design that draws from observation, experiments, and reasoning is

Scientific management

The job characteristics model builds intrinsic motivation by: Multiple choice question. horizontally loading a job designing jobs with the five core characteristics observing and experimenting to provide standards vertically loading a job

designing jobs with the five core characteristics

The job design method that offers an employee the opportunity to experience achievement, recognition, and stimulating work through vertical loading is: Multiple choice question. scientific management job rotation job enlargement job enrichment

job enrichment

Scientific management designs jobs based on which of the following?

reason systematic observation experimentation

Changing the task boundaries Changing the relational nature of one's job Cognitive crafting

Alter the scope, nature, or number of tasks one takes on Alter the quantity or quality of the interactions one has at work Changing one's perception of the existing tasks and relationships in a job

Although not supported by research, why is Herzberg's two-factor theory useful?

It is harder to motivate someone who is dissatisfied with pay or working conditions. Building motivators into a job is the core of job design. Positive recognition to reinforce performance increases intrinsic motivation.

he approach to job design in which individuals make physical and cognitive changes in the task or relational boundaries of their work is known as

Job crafting

Which of the following are among the top-down approaches to job design?

Job rotation Scientific management Job enlargement

Kaya and Franklin just received their end-of-year bonuses. Kaya's bonus was 10% larger than Franklin's, but Kaya knows she regularly worked overtime while Franklin rarely did. Based on this equity comparison, which equity relationship is Kaya most likely to perceive?

Positive inequity

According to research on the elements of organizational justice, which two of them relate strongly to desired outcomes? Multiple select question. Interactional justice Procedural justice Comparative justice Distributive justice

Procedural justice Distributive justice

skill variety task identify autonomy task signifigance feedback

Requires the ability to use several different skills to perform a job Requires the completion of a whole or identifiable piece of work An individual experiences freedom, discretion, and independence in doing the job The extent to which a job affects the lives of others inside or outside of the organization An employee receives direct and clear information about the effectiveness of their job performance

Job crafting is the: Multiple choice question. approach to job design in which individuals make physical and cognitive changes in the task or relational boundaries of their work scientific study of jobs by management to create an interdependent system scientific study of jobs by management to make them more productive and less time consuming development of jobs by management that incorporate all of the job characteristics into every job

approach to job design in which individuals make physical and cognitive changes in the task or relational boundaries of their work

If a customer service representative changes the way she envisions her job, from recording complaints from customers to being an advocate for customer rights, she engages in which form of job crafting? Multiple choice question. changing the relational nature of the job changing task boundaries cognitive crafting outcome manipulating

cognitive crafting

According to Hackman and Oldham, the personal factors that moderate the effectiveness of the core job characteristics include which of the following? Multiple select question. context satisfactions equity tolerance growth need strength knowledge and skill

context satisfactions growth need strength knowledge and skill

A practical application of Herzberg's theory suggests that managers should do which of the following things first, before attempting to increase employee performance?

eliminate dissatisfaction

Pay, promotions, challenging assignments, participation in decision making are all considered outputs in Adams' Elements of

equity

Which term describes the idea that not all individuals prefer an equal ratio of outputs to incomes?

equity sensitivity

Which moderator identified by Hackman and Oldham is related to the desire to develop as an individual? Multiple choice question. knowledge and skill growth need strength context satisfactions group orientation

growth need strength

Job enlargement is also known as __________ loading the job.

horizontal

Which approach to job design is an emerging combination of approaches used in the past?

idiosyncratic deals

Advantages of designing jobs using job rotation include: Multiple select question. building employee knowledge and ability to promote from within providing employees with a broader perspective of the organization increased worker flexibility for scheduling through cross-training increased time needed for job training of managerial employees

increased worker flexibility for scheduling through cross-training building employee knowledge and ability to promote from within providing employees with a broader perspective of the organization

The form of organizational justice that reflects whether people are told the truth and treated with respect is:

interactional justice

Promoting high intrinsic motivation by designing jobs with the five core job characteristics is the goal of which approach to job design?

job characteristics model

The top-down approaches to job design include: Multiple select question. job contraction job enlargement the job characteristics model scientific management

job enlargement the job characteristics model scientific management

Job rotation is the top-down approach that: Multiple choice question. uses observation and simplification to improve motivation puts more variety into a job by vertical loading puts more variety into a job by horizontal loading moves employees from one specialized job to another

moves employees from one specialized job to another

Pay, promotions, challenging assignments, participation in decision making are all considered ______ in Adam's equity theory.

outputs

Equity theory uses a comparison of the ratio of to . (Enter one word in each blank.)

outputs inputs

Which core job characteristic measures the extent to which the job affects the lives of other people within or outside the organization? Multiple choice question. autonomy task significance skill variety task identity

task significance

According to equity theory, people compare Multiple choice question. their current inputs to their past inputs. their output-to-input ratio to that of relevant others. hygiene factors to motivators they desire. motivators to upper level needs they desire.

their output-to-input ratio to that of relevant others.

One way managers can improve employee perceptions of procedural justice is to:

allow them to participate in important work decisions

The goals of idiosyncratic deals in job design include

increasing employees' intrinsic motivation increasing employees' productivity

Which element of organizational justice has the weakest relationship to desired workplace outcomes?

interactional justice

The outcomes of an equity comparison include which of the following?

negative inequity positive inequity equity

Education, skills, creativity, experience, and personal appearance can all be perceived as in Adam's equity theory.

inputs

Feelings of inequity are based on whether you perceive that the outputs you receive are adequate to compensate for your collective

inputs

What is the primary expected outcome of job crafting? Multiple choice question. to eliminate redundancies in staffing and structure to place new demands on existing employees to change the way employees perceive their jobs to change the standards used for hiring new employees

to change the way employees perceive their jobs

What should individuals do if their current job is unfulfilling but they do not want to change jobs? Multiple choice question. Try to incorporate job crafting or I-deals. Look for ways to reduce their effort. Attempt to have the manager replaced. Vent frustrations online.

Try to incorporate job crafting or I-deals.

Which of the following are problems that often arise with jobs based on Taylor's scientific management methods? Multiple select question. poor mental health reduced productivity and efficiency high levels of dissatisfaction and stress low sense of accomplishment

poor mental health high levels of dissatisfaction and stress low sense of accomplishment

The form of organizational justice that reflects the perceived fairness of the process and procedures used to make organizational decisions is:

procedural justice

Among the lessons to be learned from equity and justice theories are:

an appeals process is important to employees feelings of equity employees want a voice in decisions that affect them employee perceptions about reward systems and procedures are what is important