Soc 102 CH 14 Urban Life

The rise of the industrial metropolis in the United States followed which major war?

Civil War

A type of social organization, common to rural villages, in which people are closely bound by kinship and tradition is called __________.

Gemeinschaft

Durkheim's mechanical solidarity is most similar to Tönnies's concept of __________.

Gemeinschaft

According to Georg Simmel, the sights, sounds, and smells of the city, along with the vast number of people, all combine to overwhelm the senses. The result, claimed Simmel, is that urbanites __________.

develop a blasé attitude

Seven of the ten largest cities in the world are now in __________.

economically developing nations

Tyson's Corner (in Virginia, near Washington, D.C.), King of Prussia (northwest of Philadelphia), and Las Colinas (near the Dallas-Fort Worth airport) are all examples of __________.

edge cities

Which of the following policies refers to government effort to attract new businesses with the promise of tax relief?

enterprise zones

Which of the following represents a partnership between government and the market economy that may attract business to the city?

enterprise zones

The text states that a basic criticism of urban renewal as a policy was that it __________.

failed to provide housing for those who needed it most

The population of the industrial metropolis peaked about what year?

1950

Back in 1776, when this country was founded, the largest city in the country was Philadelphia, with a population of only __________.

42,000

What share of the U.S. population lives in an urban area?

81%

Portofino claims that economic inequality is so deep in this country that nothing less than changing the capitalist system will lead to solving urban problems such as poverty and homelessness. In making this statement, Portofino is speaking from which position on the political spectrum?

far left

Thomas argued that the main cause of urban problems is the operation of a capitalist economic system. In making this claim, Thomas was speaking from which position on the political spectrum?

far left

An entire district of a city (commonly referred to as a "ghetto") that houses primarily poor African Americans who are cut off from the larger society would be an example of __________.

hypersegregation

Which of the following is a factor that liberals point to as a major cause of urban problems?

increasing economic inequality

Which of the following areas has the highest poverty rate?

inner cities

Serena claims that government regulation is needed to stabilize the "anything goes" free-market economy. In making this statement, Serena is speaking from which political point of view?

liberal

French geographer Jean Gottman used which of the following concepts to refer to a vast urban region containing a number of cities and their surrounding suburbs?

megalopolis

The political-economy approach to urban studies considers which of the following to be the major factor in defining cities and urban life?

the capitalist drive to maximize profits

Public housing is commonly known as __________.

the projects

Suburbs are correctly defined as __________.

urban areas beyond the political boundaries of cities

New homes, schools, and shopping areas built at the edge of an expanding urban area represent __________.

urban sprawl

According to Emile Durkheim, the rise of industrial cities can be expected to __________.

weaken mechanical solidarity

Roughly translated, Gesellschaft means __________.

association

David Harvey's study of Baltimore shows that the growth and decline of an urban area has much to do with the process of __________.

capital investment

According to Leo Srole and other researchers who studied the mental health of city dwellers, __________.

city living does not contribute to problems of mental illness

According to which political point of view is urban life far better than it was a century ago because our productive economy has raised living standards so much?

conservative

There is poverty in all regions of the United States. But, of the following areas, which has the LOWEST poverty rate?

suburbs

According to Louis Wirth, urbanism is defined by __________.

a large, dense, socially diverse population

From a conservative point of view, cities should be shaped by which of the following?

a market economy

One of the early signs of increasing suburban settlement was the success of a developer on New York's Long Island who built and sold more than 17,000 small (720-square-foot) houses for about $8,000 each, in a development called __________.

Levittown

The first settlement in what is today the United States was created in 1565 in which location?

Saint Augustine, Florida

As the recession intensified in 2008, which of the following regions of the country experienced the highest rate of home foreclosures?

Southwest

According to Durkheim, the rise of industrial cities created new relations between people based on interdependence, and he called these connections __________.

organic solidarity