SOC 200 Quizzes 1-6

Many of the Founding Fathers were cannabis farmers, but by 1937 every state in the United States had outlawed marijuana use. Today, more states have legalized marijuana for medical and/or recreational use. What does this illustrate about deviance?

Cultural values, practices, and definitions of deviance change over time.

Why is it beneficial for sociologists to experience culture shock?

It makes us realize we lack an understanding of our surroundings so we can perceive what is right in front of us.

Which of the following statements about crime and demographics is true?

Men are more likely than women to commit crime.

Structural functionalist theory is concerned with the ways in which structures contribute to the stability of society. What is a structure?

a social institution that is stable over time and helps meet the needs of society

Responding to criminal activity is not always simple. A life sentence as punishment for three felonies from the Clinton era "three strikes and you're out" policy is an example of what kind of approach to crime?

deterrence

Aubrey's mother says to her: "I don't want you to hang around with Michelle. She's going to be a bad influence on you." Aubrey's mother may not know it, but she's subscribing to which theory?

differential association theory

__________ is the research method that might involve shifting between participating in a social situation and being an observer.

ethnography

Which of the following agents of socialization has the most enduring, lifelong impact on the individual?

family

Sociologists refer to the norms and values that people aspire to as __________ culture.

ideal

Eli and Kendra have been friends since preschool and they do everything together. In second grade, they become friends with Holly and now the three of them do everything together. Your textbook's discussion of group dynamics suggests that the new triad should be _____ than the dyad of Eli and Kendra.

more stable

What kind of question usually produces a wide variety of responses by allowing respondents to answer in whatever way seems appropriate to them?

An open-ended question

Why do social scientists who use interviews rarely speak with large numbers of people for a project?

Face-to-face interviewing is a very time consuming process.

Why does the family have such a powerful impact as an agent of socialization?

Family begins the socialization process before there are any other competing influences.

Panera Bread restaurants recently began replacing cashiers with ordering kiosks in an effort to increase efficiency, shorten lines, improve order accuracy, and reduce labor costs. This is one example of _____.

McDonaldization

Why are adults unable to be completely socialized?

There will always be new situations and roles to learn.

Both sides are partially right in the nature vs. nurture debate.

True

Which of the following is considered a group?

a classroom of children

What practice did Bernard McGrane suggest that individuals adopt to better understand the world around them?

beginner's mind

What is a close-ended question?

can be answered with yes or no

Kemi is conducting a sociological research study on differences in interactions between similar and dissimilar co-workers. After reviewing the literature, she developed a hypothesis and operationalized the variables she will study. What is the next step Kemi should take in the scientific method?

choose a research design or method

Critical race theory is associated with which of the major theoretical perspectives or schools of thought in sociology?

conflict theory

Which kind of theory would say that the rules are different for the rich than they are for the poor, making deviant behavior almost unavoidable for people in the poor and working classes?

conflict theory

Sociology can be defined as the systematic and scientific study of human society and social behavior from ________ to ________.

large-scale institutions; individual interactions

What is one of the weaknesses of being an everyday actor when it comes to understanding everyday life?

making assumptions and failing to investigate or verify those assumptions

A woman is hired at a restaurant. She is given strict instructions on her first day to always wear black pants with a white shirt, to never carry a notepad, and to always address customers as "Sir" or "Madam." All of these things are elements of the waitress's

personal front

In general, most of us are susceptible to conformity and meeting group expectations. In so doing, what two things do we generally follow?

prescriptions; proscriptions

Norms are enforced in everyday settings by

sanctions

Co-workers, college classes, political parties, labor unions, and athletic organizations are examples of what kind of group?

secondary group

A married man in the United States with several mistresses is violating a __________, but he is violating a __________ if he is married to more than one woman at the same time.

set of mores; law

Hiram had a lot of fun dancing at the night club over the weekend. He decides to keep the party going on Monday by dancing on the bus all the way to work and continuing to do so in the office. His fellow commuters and work colleagues give him strange looks and move away from him. This confuses Hiram because nobody did that when he was dancing at the club. Labeling theory would help Hiram understand what's happening because it explains that deviance is a matter of _____.

social context

Marcy just started her freshman year of college and has made friends with a group of women in her residence hall. Her new friends are very into fitness and go to the gym regularly. Even though Marcy has never been into exercising before, she starts working out with her new friends and becomes a regular at the gym. Sociologists would describe this situation as an example of _____.

social influence

Parents often buy their children gender-specific toys. Boys are given action figures that encourage active and aggressive play, while girls are given dolls and toy ovens that reinforce traditional gender roles. This is part of what process?

socialization

Victor of Aveyron was a feral child who wandered out of the woods in 1800 when he was approximately twelve years old. After being reintroduced to human society, Victor was incapable of talking and never fully adjusted to life with other humans. This case shows the importance of

socialization

A cultural group that exists harmoniously within a larger, dominant culture is called a

subculture

A researcher must identify a target population before engaging in sampling. What is the target population?

the larger group of people about whom he or she wishes to generalize

Socialization is the

the lifelong process by which people learn the norms, values, and beliefs of their culture.

Bribes, tax fraud, and insider trading are all examples of what kind of crime?

white collar crime