SOC 220 final exam isu
period 1 is 75,000, negative year 1 is 10,000 year 2 is 15,000 year 3 is 20,000 year 4 is 40,000 interst rate is 5%
-1,685.8973
the coasean perspective does not define environmental problems in terms of externalities, but in terms of
-establishing property rights, bargaining over them, and enforcing them -ill defined property rights
the following are characteristics of tradable emissions permits
-if the permits are simplt handed out to existing firms, the potential revenue from allocation goes to industry instead of the government -fines might be imposed on firms which pollute at higher levels than that for which they have permits -limited number of licenses to emit a specified pollutant -buyers will not have to aquire as many license if they can cut back on their emisisons -a firm that wants to create more pollutoin than it is license for can go out and buy additional
in addition to temperature increases, the potential consequences of increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere include which of the following
-increase in the acidity of the ocean -changes in rainfall patterns
the following are characteristics of tradable emissions permits
-limited number of licenses to emit a specified pollutant -a firm that wants to create more pollution than it is .. -buyers will not have to acquire as many license.. -fines, might be imposed... -if the permits are simply handed out..`
consider the numerous individuals and groups who would like to have access to the Bushy Creek State. Recreation area in north central iowa. Which of the following are reasonable approaches to prevent damage/overuse and are also fair...
-set up a reseration system where reservations are avail -set up a reseration system where use permits for 1/2 of normal daily capacilty are available for up to one year in advance. Ini..
sabrina prefers 22 now to 25 one year from now but 25 one year from now to 20 now
.13636 < i < .25
maggie prefers 12 now to 15 one year from now, but 15 one year from now to 10
.25 < i < .5
What are the four categories by which goods are normally differentiated?
0 Credit, Just don't pick person, place, thing, concept
What are the four ways by which we typically differentiate products? We sometimes refer to these as economic utilites
0 credit, so maybe dont pick rival, renewable, time, excludable
julia prefers 100 now to 103 one year, but prefers 106 one year from now and 100 to now
0.03 < i < 0.06
Joseph prefers 60 now to 62 in a year, but prefers 65 one year to 60 now.
0.033<i<0.083
sylvia perfers 10 now to 12 one year from now but prefers 12 one year from now to 9 now
0.2 > i > 0.333
a kilowatt cooking stove takes 1 hour to cook beans and rice for a meal. The stove is 30% efficient. How much energy is added to the food during the process
0.3 kWh
Thea prefers 25now to 27 one year from now, but prefers 30 one year from now to 25 now
0.5< i < 0.12
Consider a piece of equipment for which negative: 15,000 revenue 1 is 2,000 revenue 2 is 4,000 revenue 3 is 6,000 revenue 4 is 10,000 interest is 5% leveliezed net rev is 3.546
1,111.9
suppose I have computed the cost of carbon per mile for my car at 0.012 per mile. interest rate is 5% and that I drive the 30,000. What is the present value of the carbon expense for four years
1,276.5422
suppose I have computed the cost of carbon per mile for my car at 0.011 per mile. Assume that the interest rate is 5% and that I drive the car 30,000 miles per year
1,428.73
put the following in order from least preferred to most preferred
1. disposal 2. energy recovery 3. recycling 4. reuse 5. minimization 6. prevention
with a 10% annual rate of discount, 11 one year from now is worth what amount today?
10
negative: period 1 is 20,000 year 1 is 5,000 year 2 is 6,000 year 3 is 7,000 year 4 is 1,000 interest rate is 4% 3.63
10,112.36
consider a piece of equipment for which at the period 1 is 20,000 rev year 1 is 5,000 rev year 2 is 6,000 rev year 3 is 7,000 rev year 4 is 1,000 interest is 4% levelized cost for four equal payments at end of years 1 to 4 if the annuity factor is given by 3.63
10,312.1
period 1 is 50,000, consider it negative net revenue year 1 is 20,000 net revenue year 2 is 25,000 net revenue year 3 is 27,000 net revenue year 4 is 30,000 interest rate is 5%, 3.54595
11,203.8
purchase for 60,000 today, five years ownership is 10,000, in st george utah. the discount rate is 4%. at ends of 1,2,3,4,5 same net value .. annuity fact ois 4.4518
11,631.4
period 1 is 25,000 year 1 is 4,000 year 2 is 6,000 year 3 is 8,000 year 4 is 2,000 interest rate is 5% 3.546
11,672.30784
consider 100,000, make negative net rev at year 1 is 20,000 net rev at year 2 is 30,000 net rev at year 3 is 40,000 near rev at year 4 is 35,000 interest rate is 4% what is the net present value
12,334.4
consider an asset that your purchase for 30,000. it's nomial resaile value after 5 years of ownership is 20,000. at that time you plan to sell it and move to a retir in pine bluffs arkansas. find net present cost if nomial discount rate is 5%
14,329.5
beginning period 1 is 25,000 - negative year 1 is 10,000 year 2 is 15,000 year 3 is 18,000 rate 3%
15,320.2264
consider a piece of equipment for which period 1 is 25,000, negative year 1 is 10,000 year 2 is 15,000 year 3 is 18,000 interest rate is 3% what is net present value
15,320.2264
period 1, negative, 50,000, net revenue at end year 1 is 10,000, year 2 is 16000, year 3 is 15,000, year 4 is 35,000. The interest rate is 5%. What is the net present value of this net revenue stream
15,788.43
consider a piece of equipment for which the expenditure period 1 40,000 revenue year 1 at 15,000 revenue year 2 at 20,000 revenue year 3 at 25,000 interest rate is 3%.
16,293.6
20,000 end of first year year 2 is 16,000 interest rate is 2% at end of years 1 and 2 1.942
18,015.72
consider a piece of equipment: beginning at period 1 is 55,000 end of year 1 is 10,000 year 2 is 18,000 year 3 i 24,000 year 4 is 35,000 interest rate is 6%
18,328.039
70,000 in three years ownership is 20,000 in marion ia, what is levelized cost of holding the asset for three year period for 5% is 2.7232
19,360.8
Consider an asset which has no initial cost but for which there is an expenditure of 25,000 at the end of the first year. Net cost at end of year 14,000 interest 4%, what is the levelized cost payment at end of year 1 and 2 which has the same present value as the actual cost stream at the end of period 0
19,607.8431
what is the amount of work done by the applied force when a 10 kg object is lefted 2 meters at constant speed
196 Joules, 196 Newton meters
what is the amount of work done my the applied force when a 10 kg object is lifted 2 meters
196 Newtons meters 196 Joules
the los angeles metropolitan area has suffered from severe air pollution for many years. Much of it comes from the transportation section, but industry also contributes. One possible solution to address the problem would be a mandate that all on-road vehicles...
1: improve's the human condition 2: is a just solution depending on whether the electric cars are made affordable 3: is not an adaptable solution 4: is physically possible 5: is technologically feasible 6: would be profitable for the electric car sector 7: may or may not be environmentally sound depending on the electricity source for charing the vehicles 8: is socially acceptable
9.1 BILLION US Tons of plastic has been produced since plastic was introduced in the 1950s. The amount of plastic produced in a year is roughly the same as the entire...
1: is technol. feasible 2: make not improve the human condition if the social costs of producing and using plastic substitutes.. 3: may or may not be environmentally sound depending on the environment.. 4: is a just solution 5: is physically possible but not tech. feasible 6: would not likely return a normal level of profit to trash collection 7: would improve the human condition 8: would not be a just solution if the large incentives to recycle
non-point source pollution from crop production is a major problem in the Mississippi River Basin and in Iowa. One way to address this problem is through the use of a ......
1: may or may not improve the human condition depending on the level of the pollution tax and the monitoring costs relative to the damage dome by the pollution and the changes... 2: is probably not a just solution 3: may not adaptable to changes in water flows due to climage change 4: is physically possible 5: is technologically feasible 6: will not likely be profitable if the tax is high and not assessed on other states, or places in the world 7: is environmentally sound 8: is socially acceptable
carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere...
1: would improve the human condition 2: would not be a just solution 3: may not be an adpatable solution 4: is physically possible 5: is technologically feasible 6: is socially acceptable
With a 4% annual rate of discount, $2,163.21 two years from now is worth what amount now?
2,000
with 4% annual rate of discount, 2,249.728 three years from now is worth what amount one year from now
2,080
what is the amount of work done by the applied force when a 66 kilogram object is lifted 4 meters at constant speed
2,588.9292
according to the book Reinventing the automobile: ... what percent of the US retail sales and manufacturing output are automobile
20%
according to the book reinventing the automobile personal urban mobility for the 21st century, what percent of the US retail sales and manufacturing output are automobile sales and vehicle production
20%
according to the book reiventing the automobile: personal urban mobility for the 21st centruy, what percent of the US retail sales and manufacturing output are automoble sales and vehicle production
20%
purchase for 84000, is 29,282 in fort dodge ia, annuity or levelized cost payment that has same nomial discount rate of 10%, annuity factor is given by 3.17.
20,189.3
consider the following 2019, ...
2019 toyota highlander: you SPEND 1,250 more 2019 Toyota highlander hybrid AWD LE plus: you save 500 in fuel costs 2019 toyota comry: you spend 250 2019 toyota prius: you save 3,250
how many newtons of force do you need to hold a 48 pound bushel of barley
213.5168
what is the amount of work done by the applied force when a 8 pound object is lifted 3 feet at constant speed.
23.998 ftlb, 32.53 Joules
What is the amount of work done by the applied force when a 8 pound object is lifted 3 feet at constant speed
24
beginning of period 1 is 50,000 year 1 is 8,000 year 2 is 10,000 year 3 is 12,000 year 4 is 15,000 rate is 6% 3.4651
25,513.4114
energy provides about how many servants for each of us
250
energy provides about how many servants for each of us?
250
a 100 MW wind farm supplies electricity to 100,000 homes. The wind farm has a capacity factor of 30% an availability of 95% and an overall efficiency of 45%.
254,000
a 100 MW wind farm supplies electricity to 100,000 homes. The wind farm has a capacity factor of 30%, an availability of 95%, and an overall efficiency of 45%. How much electrical energy is generated annually by the wind farm?
254,000
how many Newtons of force do you need to hold a 60 pound bushel of wheat.
266.896
negative: 100,000 year 1: 20,000 year 2: 30,000 year 3: 40,000 year 4: 35,000 interest rate is 4% 3.63
3,428.512
neve prefers 5 now to 4.3 one year from now but 5.5 one year from now to 5 now
3/50 < i <1/10 and 0.06 < i < 0.1
with a 3% annual rate of discount 34,778.2222 five years from now is worth what amount two years from now
31,827
how many watts are expended by a person with a mass of 80 kilograms climbing 3 meter high ladder in 6 seconds.
392.3
how many watts are expended by a person who weighs 180 pounds climbing a 9 foot high ladder in 5 second
439.41
Top revenue is 25,000 revenue at year 1 is 8,000 revenue at year 2 is 10,000 revenue at year 3 is 5,000 interest rate is 6% What is the net present cost of this investment over the tree year period including the initial purchase of the asset and the other costs from the first three years of operation
45,645.2
beginning of period 1 is 25,000 year 1 is 8000 year 2 is 10,000 year 3 is 5,000 interest rate is 6% over the three year period including the initial purchase
45,645.2306
how many watts are expended by a diver with a mass of 65 kilograms climbing the ladder on the diving platform 10 meters high in 14 seconds
455.3
with a 5% annual rate of discount, 60 threee years from now is worth what amount two years ago
47.012
what is the amount of work done by the applied force when a 16 kilogramobject is lifted 3 meters at constant speed. ans in J
470.719
What is the amount of work done by the applied force when a 12 kg object is lifted 4 meters at constant speed?
470.7192
with 8% annual rate of discount, 4320 one year from now is worth what amount three years from now
5,038.848
period 1 is 20,000 year 1 is 8,000 year 2 is 14,000 year 3 is 18,000 rate is 5% 2.723
5,800.32
with a 10% annual rate of discount, $732.05 four years from now is worth what amount now?
500
consider an asset that you purchase for 60,000 today. Its nominal resale value after five years of ownership is 10,000...
51,780.7
how many watts are expended by a person with a mass of 82 kilograms climbing 4 meter high ladder in 6 seconds
536.0969
period 1 is 30,000 end of year 1 is 6,000 end of year 2 is 8,000 end of year 3 is 10,000 end of year 4 is 5,000 interest is 4% what is net present value at beginning of period 1
56,330
How many watts are expended by a person with a mass of 75 kg climbing a 4 meter high ladder in 5 seconds
588.399
%5,000, at the end of the first year net cost at the end of year 2 is 10,000 interest rate of 6% 1.833
7,130.2
period 1 is 40,000 year 1 is 6,000 year 2 is 7,000 year 3 is 8,000 interest is 5% 2.723
7,219.267
45,000 today, five years of ownership is 12,000. in pine bluffs, arkansas. discount rate is 4%. End of years 1,2,3,4,5 given buy 4.45
7,895.9
suppose it takes 700 N of force to keep a person from falling to the earth. What is the mass of this person in kilograms. ans in kg of mass
71.38
consider an asset that you purchase for 120,000 its nominal rale is 55,000 at nomial discount rate is 4%
72,985.6
suppose I have computed the cost of carbon per mile for my car at 0.01 per mile. Interest rate is 3% that drive the car 20,000 miles per year
743.42
period 1 is 40,000 net cost at year 1 is 8,000 net cost at year 2 is 10,000 net cost at year 3 is 16,000 net cost at year 4 is 7,000 interest rat eof 5%
76,269.7
negative of 80,000 revenue at year 1 is 10,000 revenue at year 2 is 20,000 revenue at year 3 is 30,000 revenue at year 4 is 40,000 the interest rate is 4%, what is the net present value of this net revenue stream?
8,968.6
consider period 1 is 50,000 end of 1 is 8,000 end of 2 is 10,000 end of 3 is 12,000 end of 4 is 15,000 interest rate is 6% what is the net present cost of purchasing and operating this asset for four years
88,403.97
consider a equipment at beginning period 1 at 50,000 cost at end of year 1 is 8,000 year 2 is 10,000 year 3 is 12,000 year 4 is 15,000 interest rate is 6% what is the net present cost of purchacesing ..asset for four years
88,403.971
consider an asset which has no... expenditure of 8,000at firs tyear. net cost at end of year 2 is 12,000. interest rate of 7%, 1.808
9,932.5
With a 3% annual rate of discount, $1,007,855 two years from now is worth what amount today?
950
suppose I have computed the cost of carbon per miles for my car at 0.01 per mile. Assume that the interest rate is 6% and that I drive the car 28,000 miles per year.
970.2296
Which of the following are examples of resilience
Developing new skills and moving from one sector to another for work as the demand for products changes, missing few classes and making up work while having pneumonia during the winter in Iowa, adapting to climate change by planting crops that are more consistent with a warmer and drier climate
which of the following are examples or resilience
Developing new skills and moving from one sector to another for work as the demand for products changes. Missing few classes and making up work while having pneumonia during the winter in Iowa Adapting to climate change by planting crops that are more consistent with a warmer and drier climate
The following are examples of complementary pairs of inputs or products
Gallons of gasoline and fuel tank capacity, computers and CAD/CAM software
The following are examples of complementary pairs of inputs or products
Gallons of gasoline and fuel tank capacity. Computers and CAD/CAM software.
which of the following are examples of resilience
Missing little work and maintain general health when exposed to the influenza virus. Developing new skills and moving from one sector to another for work as the demand for products changes. Attracting new businesses in new sectors to a city or county as traditional industry moves plants overseas.
Which of the following are examples of resilience?
Missing little work and maintaining general health when exposed to the influenza virus, Developing new skills and moving from one sector to another for work as the demand for products changes, attracting new businesses in new sectors to a city or county as traditional industry moves plants overseas.
Match the following good/service pairs with their type. If you feel there is some ambiguity, pick the type that is most common in current practice
Right and left shoes- complements Gasoline and propane as automotive fuel- substitutes Backhoes and backhoe operations- complements A backhoe with an operator and a shovel and a worker- substitutes Beef and lentils as protein in a diet- substitutes Coal and wind as energy sources to produce electricity -substitutes
Social capital requires maintenance and replenishment by shared values and equal rights and by community religious and cultural interactions
True
The following are examples of technology with feedback
Workers becoming sick from the mine tailings that result from their extraction of ore, A feed mixer where the levels of various feedstocks are debermined by sampling the mix every 30 seconds and adjusting the inputs to meet specific targets for energy and protein, recycling water from producing stream to create electricity, a thermostat system that turns the furnace off and off
The following are examples of technology with feedback
Workers becoming sick from the mine tailings that result from their extractions or ore. A feed mixer where the levels of various feedstocks are determined by sampling the mix every 30 seconds and adjusting the inputs to meet specific targets for energy and protein. Recycling water from producing steam to create electricity A thermostat that turns the furnace off and on.
which of the following are ex of common pool resources
a pasture open to all, a wilderness area such as the badlands wilderness
match the type of right with its definition
a right not to be subjected to an action of antoher person or group-negative right a right to be subjected to an action or antoher person or group-positive right a right one is born with as a human being-natural people should be treated as.. - fundamental equality
The following are examples of technology with feedback
a thermostat system that turns the furnace off and on, workers becoming sick from the mine tailings that result from their extractions of ore, recycling water from producing stream to create electricity, a feed mixer where the levels of various feed stocks are debermined by sampling the mix every 30 seconds and adjusting the inputs to meet specific targets for energy and protein
Which of the following are examples of common pool resources
a wilderness area such as the Badlands Wilderness, a pasture open to all
match the theory with its prinicples
act only according to that maxim... deontology so act that you treat humanity, whether in your own... deontolgy we should always do whatever will produce the greatest possible... utilitarianism morality is the set of rules that ration people... social contract theory principles of social justice and moral behavior are chosen in an original agreement... rawls approach to justice
which of the following has the highest grams of CO2e/Ton-mile
air
which of the following are likely to be fairly effective in reducing overfishing around the world
allocate and enforce catch limits, allocate more sections of the ocean to marine protected areas (MPAs), set up standards on sustainability such as the marine stewardship council. Allow fish coming from such fisheries to be labelled with the MSC label and encourage consumers to only purchased certified fish, put a tax on at risk fish
which of the following are likely to be fairly effective in reducing overfishing around the world
allocate more sections of the ocean to marine protected areas (MPA), allocate and enforce catch limits, put a tax on at-risk fish, set up standards on sustainability such as the marine stewardship...
which of the following is likely to be most effective in reducing over fishing in the cheaspeake bay
allocate permits that limit the catch that may be landed in a given period
9.1 MILLION TONS
ans above
Los Angeles metropolitan area has suffered from severe air pollution for many many years. Much of it comes from the transportation section, but industry also contributes....
ans on fifth quiz vid, question 19- all answers shown
9.1 billion us tons of plastic has been produced since plastic was introduced in the 1950s the amount of plastic produced in a year in roughly the same as the entire weight of humanity..
ans on fifth quiz vid, question 20 - all answers shown
match characteristics with ideas for reinventing the automobile
ans up there
match the concepts to the best description, or example of the concept
availability: the % of the time the power plant is available capacity factor: the % of the electrical energy that was actually produced relative to the amount that could have been produced dispatchable power: a power system that can be scheduled to produce power when needed non-dispatachable power: a power system that cannot be scheduled to produce power when needed investment cost: the total cost to construct a power plant fixed O&M: operations and maintenance coast required regardless of the amount of power produced variable O&M: operatoins and maintenance costs that are related to the amount of power produced transmission cost:the cost of electrical energy transmission from the power generation station to the end user Energy: an amount of work, heat, or light for example power: the rate at which energy is produced or consumed Externality: bird kill by the Ivanpah Generating station for example Rated capacity: the maximum amount of electrial power that a power system can produce levelized cost of electricity: a first order economic assessment of the cost competitiveness of an electricity generating system that incorporates all costs over its lifetime
which of the following would directly help create a circular materials economy?
better methods of extraction of materials better design to extend product life better behavior: regulation, soical...
match the concept with its definition
bio.bio tech. tech
which country in the world produced the most cars in 2018
china
the following are examples of substitute paris of inputs or products
coal and natural gas, nitrogen fertilizer and manure, wind and solar energy, paper and plastic bags
The use of a park such as Yellowstone or Arches may or may not be a rival good depending on the level of (con)
congestion
the use of a park such as yellowstone or arches may or may not be a rival good depending on the level of [con]
congestion
which factors may affect wheather the use of a public area such as backbone state park or central campus may or may not be a rival good
congestion, the number of people showing up to use it in a given period
which factors may affect whether the use of a public area such as backbone state park or central campus may or may not be a rival good
congestion, the number of people showing up to use it in a given period
match the interested group with their wants/needs in the area of personal transportation
consumers: one device firms: high profit rat society: low pollution
What problem occurs when those who benefit from resources, goods, or services do not pay for them, which results in either an under-provision of those goods or services, or in an overuse or degradation of a common property resource?
do not pick pollution
which of the following statement are correct
effectiveness is about doing the right task completing activities and achieving goals efficiency is about doing things in an optimal way, for example doing it the fastest or in the least expensive way
match characteristics with ideas for reinventing the automobile
enable vehicles to share enormous amounts of realtime, location specific data: mobility internet manage traffic more optimally: mobility internet automobiles will become nodes in mobile networks...mobility internet permit drivers to share information and remain seamlessly... mobility internet electric drive vehicles.. smart, clean, energy energy-efficient buildings... smart, clean energy smart utiltiy grids... ... smart, clean, energy utilization of diverse and renewable... ... smart clean energy optimal mix of batteries and hydrogen.. ... smart, clean, energy electricity, roads, parking, and vehciles... electronically managed, dyna ubiquitous metering and sensing... electronically managed, dyna provide price signals and incentives... electronically managed, dyna motivate sustainable activity patterns within cities... electronically managed, dynamically
In his original paper 1995 paper entitled "The concept of environmental sustainability" robert goodland of the world bank identified three types of sustainability. What are those three types?
environmental sustainability, economic sustainability, social sustainability
A major sustainability issue is that the world is running out of energy
false
A sustainable future with far fewer job is consistent with human flourishing as long as people are able to obtain their basic and secondary needs from government program and/or charitable giving
false
A sustainable future with far fewer jobs is consistent with human flourishing as long as people are able to obtain their basic and secondary needs from government programs and/or charitable giving
false
Adaptability is the capability of actors in a system to manage the sustainability of the system either by moving the system toward or away from a threshold that would fundamentally alter the properties of the system
false
Adaptability is the capacity of actors in a system to manage the sustainability of the system, either by moving the system toward or away from a threshold that would fundamentally alter the properties of the system
false
If people in a social ecological are flourishing the system is sustainable
false
If people in social ecological system are flourishing the system is sustainable
false
Inputs may be perfect substitutes in that they must be used in a fixed ratio as part of a production process
false
Inputs may be perfect substitutions in that they must be used in a fixed ratio as part of a production process
false
Sustainability is mostly about resources
false
We usually say that "solutions" in sustainable economic systems must have a rate of return (either from profits or some other other source) that is at least 10% higher that the "marker rate of return" so that firms will have an incentive to enter the market.
false
We usually say that "solutions" in sustainable economic systems must have a rate of return (either from profits or some other sources) that is at least 10% higher than the "market rate of return" so that firms will have an incentive to enter the market
false
a defensible clean energy policy should pick winners by choosing which specific technologies and firm should receive subsidies
false
a sustaining innovation helps create a new markets and value networks
false
additive manufacturing for metals usually starts with molten metal much as with the case of the golden calf in the Old Test
false
agriculture is one of the major sources of greenhouse gases in the USA
false
automobile transportation has dramatically enhanced our personal mobility and helped us realize our aspirations for growth and prosperity. These freedom and prosperity benefits have been substantial, including greater access to jobs, goods, and services...
false
automobile transportation has dramatically enhanced our personal mobility and helped us realize our aspirations for growth and prosperity...
false
batteries on fully electric vehicles will usually need to be replaced after about five years
false
consumers concerns about fuel economy and potential damage greenhouse gases are more or less uniform across the United States
false
drought forecasts based on scenarios from the intergovernmental panel on climate change show a much higher incidence of drought in the southwest united states buy little increase if drought in the central plains
false
forecasts from the intergovernmental panel on climate change show relatively larger changes in temperature in the southern united states
false
if production of a product creates a positive externality, the social cost of production is generally higher than the private cost
false
in 2018, the majority of natural gas went the either to electricity generation or transportation
false
in the last 15 years of energy from the sun has been up, which might explain the recent rise in the earth's temperature
false
increases in temperature will lead to decreases in the acidity of the ocean
false
inputs may be perfect substitutes in that they must be used in a fixed ratio as part of a production process
false
it has generally been quite straightforward to differentiate between conflict and conflict free minerals
false
like its name, the west bank gets significant groundwater from the western aquilfer
false
most solutions to severe supply disruptions take three years or less to implement given rapid technological change and increasing creativity by entrepreneurs
false
steven chu, who served as the secretary of energy from January 21, 2009, to april 22, 2013, siad the stone age ended because we ran out of quality stones?
false
the bronze age ended and was replaced by the iron age because iron was generally a better product than bronze for making weapons
false
the coporate average fuel economy standards were first adopted in the 1980s after the arab oil embargo which drove up gasoline prices
false
the corporate average fuel economy standards regulate how far vehicles must travel on a gallon of fuel. The standard for a given manufacturer is an average for all types of vehicles
false
the second principle of justice says that social and economic inequalities are to be arranged so that a) they are to be of the greatest benefit to the most-advantaged members of society, consistent with the just savings principle and b) offices and positions must be distributed on a random basis so that everyone has an equal change of recieving them
false
the united states accounted for over 25% of world energy use in 2018
false
the united states used more energy than any other country in 2018
false
to date there have been no deaths in tests of automated vehicles
false
we are likely to run out of energy
false
worldwide in 2018, coal provided the most energy, followed by natural gas, and then petroleum
false
match the event with the time period
first commercial coal production in US begins in Richmond, Virginia- 1748 first silicon solar cell developed at Bell Laboratories- 1953 world's first geothermal power plant is built in California- 1921 svante Arrhenius says that fossil fuel comstion may cause global warming- 1896 first windmill to generate electricity developed in cleveland, ohio - 1888 abraham lincoln enacts an ethanol tax to help finance the civil war, severely hampering the ethanol fuel industry - 1862 first commerical oil well drilled by edwin drake in pennsylvania; kerosene begins to displace other lamp fuels - 1859 ethanol blend becomes popular lamp fuel in US displacing whale oil : 1830s british use natural gas produced from coal to light houses and streets: 1785
what are the four ways by which we typically differentiate products? We sometimes refer to these as...
form, place, time, possession
what a problem occurs what those who benefit from resources, goods, or services do not pay for them, which results in either an under-provision of those goods or services, or in an overuse or degradation of a common property resource
free rider
the following are examples of complementary pairs of inputs or products
gallons of gasoline and fuel tank capacity computers and CAD/CAM software
which three sources of electricity have the lowest leveled cost before government subsidies as reported by the US Energy Information Agency for plants put into operation in 2023
geothermal, hydro, advanced combined cycle natural gas
Match the type of power to its definition
gravitational energy: hydropower elastic potential energy: an arrow drawn into a bow chemical potential energy: battery thermal energy: internal combustion engine electric energy: fluorescent light mechanical energy: aroldis chapman fastball radiant energy: sunshine
which of the following are examples of uncertainty created by gov. envir. policy
if the gov imposes if the gov imposes if the gov imposes with both pollution
the coasean perspective does not define environment problems in therms of externalities but in terms of
ill-defined property rights, establishing property rights, margaining over them and enforcing them
the tesla model 3, is designed to be the safest car in its class, with 220 miles of range, and zero to 60 mph acceleration in 5.6 seconds...
improves the human condition is probably not a just solution may not be adaptable is physically possible is technologically feasible may not be profitable may or may not be environmentally sound depending on the electricity source for charging is socially acceptable
windmills were first used for electric power generation
in the late 1800s
match the concept with its definition
isoquant.. an countor line capital factor of production: a stock that is not used resources: anything that can be used directly nonpointsource pollution: generally results from expendable facto: raw material nonrenw: something which renewable: things which point sourc: means any wildlife: things which can coal: anything that can capital services: the flow
match the concept with its definition
isoquant.. up above
in 2050, projected energy consumption in the United States has the following order in terms of largest consumption to smallest
liquid fuels, natural gas, other renewables
match the characteristics of the current and the new DNA for automobiles
mechanically driven: current DNA powered by internal combustion engine: current DNA energized by petroleum: current DNA mechanically controlled: current DNA stand alone operation: current DNA intelligent and interconnected: new DNA energized by electricity and hydrogen: new DNA electrically driven: new DNA electronically controlled: new DNA powered by electric motors: new DNA
natural climate forcings include
milankovitch cycles large volcanic eruptions changes in the sun's brightness
which of the following statements are true?
most coal goes to electricity production while most petroleum goes to transportation
the following are common causes of market failure
natural monopoly externalities uncertanity or asymmetric information public goods such as common pool resources
The Brundtland Commission (1987) defined sustainability as "meeting the ____ of today without ____ the ability of _____ generations to meet their own needs."
need, compromising, future
The Brundtland Commission (1987) defined sustainability as "meeting the ______ of today without ______ the ability of _______ generations to meet their own needs."
need, compromising, future
which of the following are assumptions of perfect competitions
no externalities, firms have freedom of entry and exit, buys and sellers are price takers, homogeneous goods, perfect information, no transaction costs
what do people in the democratic republic of congo call the dodd-frank act
obama's law
which of the following relate most prominently to intergenerational justice
obligations to future generations, present obligations that are based on the future rights of future persons
which of the following are examples of common poll resources
ogallala aquifer, squaw creek near ISU campus, the ISU cross country course south of campus, hiking trials at ledges state park
match the following resources with their types
oil: nonrenewable copper: nonrenewable a forest: renewable an ocean fishery: renewable building: other humanmide capital computer chip: other human made capital computer programming skill: human capital investments and serves that create: social capital the improved dexterity: human capital coal: nonrenewable legal rights: other human made capital cash reserves: economic capital somewhat liquid: economic capital
match the type of production with its definition
one off production: only one product is made batch production: a small quantity mass production: hundreds of identical continuous flow: many thousands
which of the following are examples of common pool resources?
orange roughy fisheries ogalalla aquifer ledges state park
Match the type of public polity for sustainability with appropriate examples
partial credit, question 14, quiz three
manmade climate forcings include
particle pollution deforestation the rising concentation of atmosphereic carbon dixodie and other greenouse gases
manmade climate forcings include
particle pollution deforestation the rising concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide
which of the following are NOT ways to NOT run out of energy
pass a united nations resolutions banning the use of some nonrenewable resources mandate the use of public transportation in large US cities
what were the four largest primary energy sources for US energy in 2018
petroleum, nuclear, natural gas, coal
match the following types of rights
police protection of person and property: positive right public education through 12th grade: positive right to receive according to need, and to give according to ability: positive right freedom of worship: negative right freedom of speech: negative right freedom from slavery: negative right right to counsel: positive right right to sell property to the highest bidder: negative right natural right: a right one is born with as ...
match examples to each type of good or resources
private goods: pencils, sushi, eyeglasses common-pool resources: Irrigation system, open pasture club goods: DIRECTTV, movie theater pure public goods: fire protection, street lighting mixed category: housing developments with p
Match examples to each type of good or resource
privates goods- pencils, sushi, eyeglasses commonpool resources- irrigation systems, open pasture club goods- DIRECTTV, street lighting mixed category-housing developments with
which of the following conditions are necessary and sufficient for competitive equilitbrium
profit maximization utility maxization and market clearing
which of the following conditions are necessary and sufficient for competitive equilibrium
profit maximization, utility maximization, and market clearing
the following are common causes of market failure
public goods such as common pool resources, externalities, natural monopoly, uncertainty or asymmetric information
there are a number of reasons governments may become in involved in markets or transfer money to various individuals and groups. Indicate whether a particular issue is market failure reason for intervention or a public finance one
public goods- market failure externalities- market failure natural monopoly- market failure information asymmerties- market failure fighting extreme poverty- public finance direct support- public finance social insurance- public finance
there are a number of reasons governments may become in involved in markets or transfer money to various individuals and groups. Indicate whether a particular issue is market failure reason for intervention or a public finance one
public goods: market failure externalities: market failure natural monopoly: market failure information asymmetries/uncertainty: market failure fighting extreme poverty: public finance direct support for some scientific research: public finance social insurance: public finance
which of the following are likely to be fairly effective in reducing overfishing around the world
put a tax on at risk fish, allocate more sections of the ocean to marine protected areas (MPA), allocate and enforce catch limits, set up standards on sustainability such as the marine stewardship council...
Match the following words with their definitions
question 16, quiz three, partial credit
Match the concept with its definition
question 17, quiz 3, partial credit
which of the following are common rational responses by a use r to disruption in the supply chain of a critical material?
recycling, source diversification, materials substituion
match the item with whether it is a valuable resource or part of the institutional structure
renewable and nonrenewable energy... available resources skilled labor force... available resources innovative technologies... available resources oligopoly with some international barriers to trade... institutional structure government regulations related to vehicle performance and emissions... institutional structure public provision of most roads with relatively few tolls... institutional structure government subsidies of some portions of transportation... institutional structure private provision of insurance... institutional structure
consider the numerous individuals and groups who would like to have access to the grand canyon for a variety of actives. Which of the following are reasonable approaches to prevent damage/overuse are also fair and just
require that all travel in the park be by foot or bicycle except for those who are physically challenged. For these individuals provide minimal cost transportation using solar powered fat tire golf carts. set up up a quota system where entrance passes are allocated using a lottery
match the following with their definitions
reuse. elements of the discarded item recycle. discards are separted into downcycle. waste materials or used upcycle. waste materials or used products reduce use or conserve. preserve, protect, restore
"Tom Konz received about 102,000 from dakota access for the right to run the oil pipeline across his farm, a figure that included payments for the easement, plus three years worth of crop damage. But he said that's nothing.....The opportunity cost of having pipeline running across his ground is the decrease in value of his farm, which might be approximated...
right
"Tom konz received about 102,000 from dakota access for the right to run the oil pipline across his farm, a figure that included payments for the easement, plus three years;...
right
the opportunity cost of land needed to build a dam for a reservoir might be approximated by by what is would have sold for at a public autions
right
the opportunity cost throwing a soda pop can in the garbage is 5 cents minus the cost in terms of transportation and labor of taking it to the recyling center
right
common pool resources have the following characteristics
rival, non-excludable
consider the numerous individuals and groups who would like to have access to the brushly creek state. recreation area in north central iowa
set up a reservation system where reservations are available set up a reservation system where use permits for 1/2
consider the numerous individuals and groups who would like to have access to the grand canyon for a variety of activities. Which of the following are reasonable approaches to prevent damage/overuse and are also fair and just?
set up up a quota system where entrance passes are allocated using a lottery, require that all travel in the park be by foot or bicycle except for those who are physically challenged
Match examples to each type of good or resouce
shows only partial credit,question 8 video 3
A group of researchers investigated the management of rice paddies by Balinese farmers, where ecological processes impose constraints on the timing and spatial scale of collective action. They investigated respond....which of the following is the best ways of characterizing the management of rice paddies in Bali
social-ecological systems are complex adaptive systems which may have multiple stable states
Which of the following are examples of common pool resources
the ISU cross country course south of campus, ogallala aquifer, hiking trials at ledges state part, squaw creek near ISU campus
which of the following is the definition of capacity factor
the capacity factor for a given piece of equipment is given by the ratio of power actually produced to potential power production
suppose I want to design a hybrid car that weighs less than 3,000 pounds gets 60 mpg and can be proced for less than 15,000
the car must weigh less than 3000 pounds, achieve at least sixty miles per gallon and have a production cost less than 15000
suppose I want to design a hybrid car that weighs less than 4,000 pounds, get 40 mpg and can be produced for less than 20,000. what is an appropriate constraint set
the car must weigh less than 4,000 pounds, achieve at least forty miles per gallon and have a production cost less than 20,000
some of the hidden social and environmental costs of transferring production and services to low- cost countries such as China, India, and Brazil are
the excessive use of hydrocarbons, the exploitation of cheap labor, the indiscriminate logging of the amazon basin
manmade climate forcings include
the rising concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases deforestation particle pollution
the national water carrier of Israel and the central valley project are similar in which of the following ways
they move water from the north to the south, water is moved by means of a series of canals, aquaducts and pump plants
which of the following sectors has produced the highest CO2 emissions in the US since 2000
transportation
the moral machine experiemnts are similar to a famous set of ethical questions know as the
trolley problem
85% of personal travel is by auto
true
An auction of permits for water use or the right to pollute will generally be efficient in allocating resources by may not be equitable if some bidders (rich, well connected) are able to buy permits in qualities that are optimal for society because of wealth or power or other factors
true
As more of an input is used, it usually becomes more difficult to substitute that input for another keeping output the same
true
Diffusion is the spread of a technology through a society or industry
true
In thinking about ways to create human flourishing solutions must be consistent with the laws of nature and existing (and or likely to be invented in the near future) technologies
true
In thinking about ways to create human flourishing, solutions must be consistent with the laws of nature and existing (and or likely to be invented in the near future) technologies
true
Inputs may be substitutes in the sense that the quantity of one input can be decreased and another one increased without reducing output
true
Inputs may be substitutes in the sense that the quantity of one inputs can be decreased and another one increased without reducing output
true
Inputs that are perfect complements must be used as part of a production process
true
MIT engineers have moved on from the citycar to something called the PEV- the persuavie Electric Vehicle. It eliminates the folding feature of the city car...
true
MIT engineers have moved on from the citycar to something called the PEV.. the persuasive electric vehicle. It eliminates the folding feature of the citycar but is autonomous and parks itself or drops people off and then goes and delivers pack...
true
MIT engineers have moved on from the citycar to something the PEV- the persuasive eletric vehicle. It eliminates the folding feature of the citycar but is autonomous and parks itself or drops people off and then goes and delivers packages until it is summoned to pick someone up
true
Place that fairly regularly experience modest disruptions tend to be more resilient that those which seldom have to deal with disruptions.
true
Places that fairly regularly experience modest disruptions tend to be more resilient that those which seldom have to deal with disruptions
true
Robert Solow said the following "if you dont eat one species of fish, you can eat another species of fish. Resoures are, to use a favorite word of economists,....
true
Social capital requires maintenance and replenishment by shared values and equal rights, and by community, religious and culteral interactions
true
Social capital requires maintenance and replenishment by shared values and equal rights, and by community, religious and cultural interactions
true
Strong environmental sustainability argues that the substitutability of natural capital by other types of capital is quite flexible. In other various kinds of capital are more or less substitutes, at least within the boundaries of current levels of economic activity and resource endowment
true
Strong environmental sustainability argues that the substitutability of natural capital by other types of capital is quite flexible. In other words. the various kinds of capital are more or less substitutes, at least within the boundaries of current levels of economic activity and resource endowment.
true
Strong environmental sustainability requires maintaining separate kinds of capital. Thus, for natural capital, receipts from depleting oil should be invested in ensuring that energy will be available to future generations at least as plentifully as that enjoyed by the beneficiaries of today's oil consumption. This assumes that natural and human-made capital are not perfect substitutes
true
Sustainability and human flourishing are not mutually exclusive
true
The government might encourage the use of a renewable resource by providing a subsidy to those who produce or consume products using that resource, or by purchasing products manufactured suing that resource in preference to those produced using non-renewable resources. An example would be Iowa State purchasing flex-fuel vehicles and then consistently using E-85. Or the state placing a lower per gallon tax on gasoline blended with ethanol
true
The opportunity cost of aid donations to buy solar panels for the poor in the developing world is the number of mosquito nets which could be purchased with the same donation
true
The opportunity cost of allowing windmills to be sited on my farmland is the value of any decrease in crop yields plus the psychic pain from having to look at a large ugly object in my fields
true
The second principle of justice states that: social and economic inequalities are to be arranged so that 1) they are to be of the greatest benefit.. 2) offices and positions must be open to everyone...
true
The williams family and a few close friends have known about a small lake in the mountains in a remote part of Idaho for generations. An occasional hiker or hunter has come upon but in general it is "hidden". John Williams III is a student at Lewis-Clark State College. During his sophomore year he and a few friends decide to have a kegger...
true
Weak Environmental Sustainability is maintaining total capital intact without regard to the partitioning of that capital among the four kinds (Natural, Human, Human-made, Social). This would imply that the various kinds of capital are more or less substitutes, at least within the boundaries of current levels of economic activity and resource endowment
true
Weak Environmental Sustainability is maintaining total capital intact without regard to the partitioning of that capital among the four kinds (Natural, Human, Human-made, Social). This would imply that the various kinds of capital are more or less substitutes, at least within the boundaries of current levels of economic activity and resource endowment.
true
Weak environmental sustainability assumes that natural capital and manufactured capital are essentially subsitutable and considers that there are no essential differences between the kinds of well-being they generate. What matters for sustainability is the total stock of capital, not of any particular type
true
a carbon offset is a reduction in emissions of carbon dioxide or greenhouse gases made in order to compensate for or to offset an emission made elsewhere
true
a pigouvian tax is a tax applied to a market activity that is generating negative externatilites
true
according to the material presented in this class, we know that increased CO2() illead to rising temperatures () and we know that the increase in CO2 is caused by humans ()
true
agriculture is a relatively higher contributor in greenhouse gas emissions in other parts of the world relative to the United states
true
an auction of permits for water use or the right to pollute will generally be effcient in allocating resource but may not be equitable if some bidders (rich, well connected) are able to buy permits in quantities that are not optimal for society because of wealth or power or other factors.
true
approximately 1.35 million people die each year as a result of road traffic crashes
true
as a commodity for drinking, water is generally a rival good
true
as a commodity, water is generally a rival good
true
as more of an input is used, it usually becomes more difficult to substitute that input for another keeping output the same
true
at the current time the majority of problems related to cars with a new DNA relate to batteries
true
based on our understanding of climate and data, most scientists conclude that the climate has warmed and human activity is the likely cause
true
both the buzz car and the zip car are examples of peer to peer car sharing
true
charles dana wilber said that by repeated processes of sowing and planting with diligence the desert line is driven back
true
charles dana willber argued that john wesley powell;s proposal to divide the land into parcels much larger than quarter sections..
true
fuel economy and greenhouse gas ratings are generally the same for most vehicles. They are different, however for compressed natural gas and diesel vehicles
true
fuel economy labels on new cars show city, highway and combined city/highway estimated mpg
true
garrett hardin has argued that mutual coercion mutually agreed upon by the majority of the people affected is the most resonable way to solve the tragedy of the commons
true
garrett hardin has argued that mutual coercion, mutually agreed upon by the majority of the people affected is the most reasonable way to solve the tragedy of the commons
true
geothermal energy generally has a low levelized cost of electricity relative to coal, natural gas, wind and solar
true
global warming could affect ocean currents is such a way as to make parts of europe colder
true
hydrogen fuel cell vehicles have excellent ratings in terms of greenhouse gases and smog but are generally not as cost effective as electric vehicles
true
hydrogen fuel cell vehicles have excellent ratings in terms of greenhouse gases and smog, but are generally not as cost effective as electric vehicles
true
in a series of experiments bonnefon, shari, and rahwan found that participants were generally compfortanle with utilitarian autonomous vehicles...
true
in terms of the atmosphere we might say that we have a free rider problem in the sense that I would prefer that everyone else pollute less sothat I can keep polluting at the same level...
true
in the united states, more than 20% of energy use and carbon emissions are associated with the transportation
true
inputs that are perfect complements must be used in a fixed ratio as part of a production process
true
like with bicycles, carbon fiber is being used to make cars lighter, leading to increased fuel efficiency
true
most travel in the USA is by privately owned automobiles. frequently with only the driver in the car
true
most travel in the United States is by privately owned automobles, frequently with only the drivers in the car
true
negative externalities are present when a portion of the costs of an economic transactions are imposed on others outside of that transaction without their consent. An example would be having a very loud house party on a Thursday night in a residential neigborhood
true
one of the advanges of additive manuring is low volume, customized production
true
one of the advantages of additive manufacturing is low volume, customized production
true
one thorny issue with the advent of selfdriving cars is the ethics of harm, whether the car's articial intelligence system should sacrifice the driver in a car..
true
one way to get at the value of water is the create an active market in which the right to withdraw so many acre feet per year is auctions off
true
one way to get at the value of water is to create an active market in which the right to withdraw so many acre feet per year is auctioned off
true
plug in vehicles use both gasoline and electricity for fuel
true
recent data and that from ice cores shows a positive correlation between atmospheric CO2 and temperatures
true
robert solow has said 'there is no reason for our society to feel guilty about using up aluminum as long as we leave behind a capacity to perform the same
true
robert solow has said there is no reson for our society to feel guilty about using up aluminum as long as we leave behind a capacity to performs the same or analgous function.... this statement is more or less compatible with weak envi. sustai.
true
social costs include both the private coasts and any other external costs to society arising from the production or consumption of a good or service
true
solar and wind generally have lower capacity factors than coal and natural gas
true
solar thermal electric energy generation concentrates the light from the sun to create heat, and that heat is used to run a heat engine, which turns a generator to make electricity
true
some car makers have supported the trump administration proposal to remove the california air resources board's waiver of the clean air act preemption while others have said they will maintain the higher california standards
true
strong enivronmental and sustainability requires maintaining separate kinds of capital. Thus, for natural capital, receipts from depleting oil should be invested in ensuring that energy will be available to future generations at least as plentifully as that enjoyed by the beneficiaries or today's oil consumption. This assumes that natural and human-made capital are not perfect substitutes
true
strong environmental sustainability argues that the sustainability of natural capital by other types of capital is quite flexible. In other words, the various kinds of capital are more or less substitutes, at least within the boundaries of current levels of economic activity and resource endowment
true
the basic principle of climate change is that the rate of energy into the earth minus the rate of energy out of the earth equals the rate of total energy change on the earth
true
the dodd-frank act () that included a requirement that all US electronics companies verify and disclose their sources of cassiterite () wolframite () and tantalum by 2014
true
the dodd-frank act passed in the US in 2009 that included a requirement that all US eletronics companies verify and disclose their sources of cassiterite wilframite and tantalum by 2014
true
the electric power sector was the largest consumer of energy in the US in 2018
true
the idea of the tyranny of small decisions is that though the individual impact of any one decision is almost negligble, when accumlated over a large number of individuals...
true
the idea of the tyranny of small decisions is that though the individual impact of any one decision is almost negligible, when accumulated over a large number of individuals, the impact is large
true
the idea of the tyranny of small decisions is that through the individual impact of any one decision is almost negligible, when accumulated over a large number of individuals, the impact is large
true
the opportunity cost of burning oil today to drive to Des Moines is the unavailability of that oil for my granddaughter to drive to Kansas city in 30 years (assuming fuel efficiency goes up)
true
the opportunity cost of land used to build a freeway is what that land might have been sold for at an auction where bidders included those wanting to use it from business, recreation, and residential development along with all other interested parties
true
the opportunity cost of land used to build a freeway is what the land might have been sold at an auction...
true
the opportunity cost of making the switch from coal to wind is the increase in cost per kilowatt hour minus the value per kilowatt hour of an improved environment with wind generations
true
the opportunity of moving firefighters from the bald mountain fire to the pole creek fire is the potential loss of grazing land, wildife habitat, natural areas...
true
the personal opportunity cost of buying a hybrid vehicle versus a standard one is the difference in initial purchase cost minus the discounted present value of fuel savings over your ownership of the vehicle as well as the difference in the discounted present value...
true
the second principle of justice states that: social and economic inequalities are to be arranged so that 1) they are to be of the greatest benefit to the least advantaged members of society, consistent with the just savings principles and 2) offices and positions...
true
the second principle...
true
the taylor grazing act of 1934 was intended to "stop injury to the public grazing lands by preventing over grazing and soil deterioration, to provide for their orderly use...
true
the travel cost method is most often used to measure the benefits of recreational resources such as parks, rivers, or beaches, whether they be used for hiking, fishing, surfing, or just hangin out
true
the travel cost method is most often used to measure the benefits of recreational resources...
true
the value of having access to a telephone increases as more people have access to a telephone. This is called a positive network externality
true
under a carbon offest program, an electric utility in Pennsylvania might be allowed to continue to burn coal if they were to purchase rain forest land in Brazil and guarntee that is would not be harvested, or buy up the right to harvest the trees from that rain forest but then not exercise that right
true
while coal production and consumption in the United States has fallen significantly in the last few years, most projections show that decline leveling off
true
while coal production and consumption in the united states has fallen significantly in the last few years, most projections show that decline leveling off
true
match the event with the time period
up above
the national water carrier of israel and the central valley project are similar in which of the following ways
water is moved by means of a series of canals, aqueducts and pump plants they move water from the north to the south
match the term with its definition
weak environmental sustainability: maintaining total capital intact strong environmental sustainability: maintaining separate kinds of capital, absurdly strong environmental sustainability: nothing is ever depleted
match the following energy sources with the market failures that most distinguish that source from the others. The market failures may occur in more than one sector, but there is an overall best set of matches
wind: birds coal: labor conditions in production natural gas: natural monopoly in distribution at the retail level petroleum: air pollution in end use hydro: public good nature of resource in uses besides energy
