soc final

Karl Marx referred to religion as the "opium of the masses." By this, he meant which of the following statements?

Religion pacifies people with promises of rewards in the afterlife; therefore, they do not challenge the subjugating, exploitative, and alienating social conditions in this life.

A family that cannot afford the basic necessities of life, or purchase enough to physically sustain its members, lives in:

absolute poverty

Why aren't antibiotics as successful in treating illnesses as they were several years ago?

bacteria have become resistant to antibiotics

What was the name of the landmark court ruling that mandated desegregation of American schools?

brown v board of education

Gautreaux v. Chicago Housing Authority was a class action suit that alleged public housing was:

de facto government segregation

When a society has rules that limit marital choices to people within their own social group, such as within their social class or religion, this is known as:

endogamy

Grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins who live together in a multigenerational household are considered a(n) ____________ family.

extended

William, a 17-year-old high school student, chooses products in the grocery store by looking at the pictures on the labels of the goods on the shelves because he cannot read many of the words. William would be considered:

functionally illiterate

What term refers to the invisible barriers women face when they enter more prestigious corporate worlds?

glass ceiling

The concept of race:

has changed over time

Although race has no deterministic, biological basis, it still:

has important social influence

The main problem of fee-for-service is that doctors have an incentive to:

have patients return for unnecessary visits

Bob and Sue paint their baby's room pink as soon as they find out they are having a girl. They are beginning to provide the baby with what?

her gendered identity

When the official poverty line was first set, food made up the largest percentage of household budgets. In today's society, what now makes up the largest percentage?

housing

Jackson's parents pay for him to take private violin lessons and send him to language lessons after school. In the summer, he attends science camp. His parents try to take him on one vacation to a foreign country every year. Jackson's parents hope that these activities will build his skills and better position him to get into a competitive university. Jackson's parents are investing in his:

human capital

Morbidity means ____________; mortality means ____________.

illness; death

The second-largest religion in the world and in the United States is:

islam

Alfred Kinsey's 1948 study, Sexual Behavior in the Human Male, is important because:

it viewed sexuality as falling on a continuum, thus challenging the psychiatric claim of homosexuality as abnormal.

After mental illness became "medicalized," what was one major change that occurred?

medication replaced counseling

When studies control for family background characteristics, the SAT:

no longer predicts college grades very well

A family consisting of a mother, a father, and their biological children is known as a(n) ____________ family.

nuclear

Objects and behaviors that are profane are:

part of everyday life

Some societies allow a person to have several spouses at the same time in an arrangement known as:

polygamy

In 1942, 120,000 Japanese Americans were sent by federal order to internment camps. Afterward, all Asian Americans (regardless of their country of origin and/or U.S. citizenship status) went from being a relatively unnoticed group to being singled out for discrimination. This is known as:

racialization

The 1896 Supreme Court decision Plessy v. Ferguson upheld:

segregation

The Supreme Court's landmark 1954 decision in Brown v. Board of Education struck down what doctrine?

separate but equal

What term best describes a behavior or attitude where a person's sex is the basis for prejudicial discrimination and where sex may matter more than a person's performance or merit?

sexism

While the notion of sex refers to biological characteristics, the concept of gender refers to ____________ characteristics.

social

Mollie Orshansky used the U.S. Department of Agriculture's recommendations for the minimum amount of healthy food, estimated the cost for a variety of family types, and multiplied this figure by a factor of three to measure:

the official poverty line

The Ozzie and Harriet Nelson type of family was in its prime during which time period?

the post WW2 economic boom

What is pluralism?

the presence and coexistence of many different groups within one society

Secularization is:

the transformation of a society away from religion and toward a separation of religious and social institutions such as politics, the economy, and the family.

When classrooms are divided into ability levels, type of preparation, or according to future plans, it is called:

tracking

Which nation has one of the highest poverty rates in the advanced world?

united states

What is one reason men have higher mortality rates than women?

women are more likely to seek medical care