SOC quiz7,8,9,10,11,12

Reported in the U.S. Census Current Population Survey of 2013, research indicates that ________ of people in the United States have no health insurance at all.

18 percent

According to a recent study, the richest ________ of the world are worth more that the poorest 3.5 billion people, combined.

85 people Correct. According to sources such as Oxfam, these are the numbers.

The continent with the greatest number of impoverished nations in the world is ________.

Africa Correct. While this is true, there are economic differences among the countries of that continent; countries like South Africa and Egypt have much lower rates of poverty than Angola and Ethiopia, for instance.

Name the group whose ancestors did not come here by choice.

African Americans

________ was passed in 1990 to address how people in the United States with disabilities were often excluded from opportunities and social institutions many of us take for granted.

Americans with Disabilities Act

________focuses on collective action rather than collective behavior, addressing the processes associated with crowd behavior and the life cycle and various categories of gatherings.

Assembling perspective

The first Asian immigrants to come to the United States in the mid-nineteenth century were ________.

Chinese

________ immigration came to an abrupt end with the Exclusion Act of 1882. This act was a result of anti-immigrant sentiment due to a depressed economy and loss of jobs. White workers blamed these migrants for taking their jobs. Because these men did not have the funds to return to their homeland, or to bring their families to the United States, they remained physically and culturally segregated in areas of large cities.

Chinese

________ believe that alongside the health disparities created by class inequalities, there are a number of health disparities created by racism, sexism, ageism, and heterosexism.

Conflict theorists

________ seek to preserve existing norms and values.

Conservative movements

This theory emphasizes the importance of interaction and communication between groups to reduce stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination.

Contact hypothesis

________ are those that are questioned or questionable by some medical professionals

Contested illnesses

________ states the problem in a clear, easily understood way.

Diagnostic framing

Identify the following example of white privilege.

Eli, a white student attending Michigan State, is coming driving home from a party at college. He pulls up to a drunk-driving checkpoint where police are stopping people and asking them for their IDs. Having not consumed alcohol that evening, he has a reasonable expectation that the police will look at his ID and let him pass without further questioning.

The ________ of the women's movement took place during the second half of the 19th and the early 20th century throughout the world. It focused on the legal issue of women's right to vote.

First wave

There is no minority or majority group that fits easily in a category or that can be described simply, however white ethnic Americans are made up of many immigrants including:

German, Irish, Italian, and Eastern European immigrants

________ refers to the process of integrating governments, cultures, and financial markets through international trade into a single world market.

Globalization

Myers (2007) states that the cultural assimilation of ________ is "almost complete, but with remnants of ethnicity." The presence of enclave neighborhoods, originally segregated slums dating from the nineteenth century continue to exist today.

Italian Americans

________ might span an entire country, perhaps led by a national organization.

National level social movements

________ arises out of the mutual interdependence created by the specialization of work.

Organic solidarity

________ means that a gap has developed in the job market, with most employment opportunities at the lowest and highest levels and few jobs for those with mid-level skills and education.

Polarization

________ offers a solution and states how it will be implemented.

Prognostic framing

________ is a socially defined category based on physical differences between different groups of people.

Race

________ is a process used by real estate agents to direct prospective homeowners toward or away from certain neighborhoods based on their race

Racial steering

________ seek to change something specific about the social structure.

Reformative movements

________ is a way to explain movement success in terms of the ability to acquire resources and mobilize individuals.

Resource mobilization theory

________ seek to completely change every aspect of society. Examples include the Civil Rights Movement or political movements, such as a push for communism.

Revolutionary movements

________ suggest that sexuality is another area in which power differentials are present and where dominant groups actively work to promote their worldview as well as their economic interests.

Social conflict theorists

________ are purposeful, organized groups that strive to work toward a common social goal.

Social movements

What would a functionalist say about social stratification?

Social stratification is necessary to promote excellence, productivity, and efficiency, thus giving people something to strive for. Correct. This theory states that stratification might be structurally necessary to maintain social cohesion and a balance of power.

________ is a driving force behind globalization, while the other forces of social change (social institutions, population, environment) play comparatively minor roles.

Technology

In 2015, the United States continued its recovery from the________," arguably the worst economic downturn since the stock market collapse in 1929 and the Great Depression that ensued.

The Great Recession

Generally considered to have begun during the early 1990s, the ________ of the women's movement refers to a still wider and more diverse level of feminist debate broadening their goals to focus on abolishing gender role expectations and stereotypes, media portrayals, and language used to define women, as well as queer theory,

Third Wave

At first, most goods and services were traded as gifts or through an exchange known as ________ or between small social groups.

bartering

Individuals are socialized around their parents' occupations and thus, have a higher likelihood of entering similar lines of work. This is known as _______

career inheritance

The belief that one skin tone is superior to another skin tone within a racial group is known as

colorism

Our ________, not our ________, dictates which illnesses are stigmatized and which are not, which are considered disabilities and which are not, and which are deemed contestable as opposed to definitive by medical professionals.

culture; biology

According to ________, global inequality is caused by dominant, core nations whose main goal is to exploit semi-peripheral and peripheral nations, creating a cycle of perpetual reliance.

dependency theory. Correct. Growing out of conflict theory, this theory holds that global inequality is primarily caused by core nations (or high-income nations) exploiting semi-peripheral and peripheral nations (or middle-income and low-income nations), which creates a cycle of dependence.

Terms such as "first world, second world, and third world" have come to be considered politically insensitive although they are often still used. Today, these are more frequently referred to as

developed and undeveloped countries. Correct. These designations suggest a more fluid understanding of the spectrum of relative advancement.

Social movements have a life cycle, they ________. All social movements go through this cycle.

emerge, grow, and in some cases, die out.

The digital divide refers to ________

gap between those who have access to technology and those who do not have access to technology

Which of the following involves the deliberate, targeted annihilation of a subordinate group?

genocide

One implication of the ________ is that employees have access to email and information 24 hours/7 days a week and are expected to be more available and responsive.

immediacy of information transfer

The standard of living is based on

income, employment, class, poverty rates, and housing affordability. Correct. These all indicate the level of wealth available to a certain socioeconomic class in order to acquire the material necessities and comforts to maintain its lifestyle.

Feminist sociologist Patricia Hill Collins developed ________, which suggests that we cannot separate the effects of race, class, gender, sexual orientation, and other attributes.

intersection theory

Social scientists today maintain that when it comes to "race," it

is not biologically identifiable and racial categories have been arbitrarily assigned.

A ________ would provide people a chance to be involved in a movement to help out the city or town where they live.

local social movement

As human populations move into more vulnerable areas, we see an increase in the number of people affected by

natural disasters.

Adherence to masculine and feminine gender roles continues in occupational tendencies later in life because

occupational roles are examples of typical U.S. male and female behavior, derived from our culture's traditions.

Contracting a job or set of jobs to an external corporation or nation is called ________.

outsourcing

Race is about

physical markers.

The U.S. Census (2011) divides ________ into employment-based insurance and direct-purchase insurance.

private insurance

Almost all healthcare in the United States is run by ________.

private sector

A functionalist views the cyclical nature of the economy as natural and believes what should be allowed to take place in theory?

recession and depression

Although real poverty exists In the United States, we tend to have what is called ________, defined as being unable to live the lifestyle of the average person in your country.

relative poverty

The term sociologists use to describe physical or physiological differences between males and females, including both primary and secondary sex characteristics is referred to as a person's

sex

Mimicking the actions of ________ is the first step in the development of a separate sense of self, and children become agents who actively facilitate and apply normative gender expectations to those around them.

significant others

A ________ is one where all people are covered by one type of insurance.

single payer system

According to ________, social problems are created when dominant groups exploit or oppress subordinate groups.

social conflict theory

The Black Lives Matter movement grew into a national network of chapters and joined forces with other, more organized groups, creating a ________ of more than 150 organizations across the United States that represent the interests of black communities.

social movement sector

The way that a society sorts people into rankings based on measures of factors such as wealth, income, race, education, gender, power, etc., is called

social stratification. Correct. Social stratification describes the hierarchical ranking of individuals and groups in a society.

Modern ________ really began as a reaction to the excesses of uncontrolled industrial capitalism in the 1800s and 1900s. The enormous wealth and lavish lifestyles enjoyed by owners contrasted sharply with the miserable conditions of the workers.

socialism

The focus in ________ is on benefitting society, whereas ________ seeks to benefit the individual.

socialism; capitalism

One critique of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act is that it will create a system of ________ medicine, a term that for many people in the United States has negative connotations lingering from the Cold War era and earlier.

socialized

People with disabilities can be ________ by their illnesses.

stigmatized

According to ________, health and illness are both socially constructed, so they focus on the specific meanings and causes people attribute to illness.

symbolic interactionist theorists

The ________ provides services: child care, healthcare, and money management.

tertiary sector

The ________ modernized the world; between 1800 and 2000, the world's population grew sixfold, while per capita income saw a tenfold jump.

the Industrial revolution

A sociologist working from a Marxist perspective would likely attribute the causes of the 2008 global recession to

the class standing and power of the owners of the means of production. Correct. A Marxist conflict theorist would look to class power and control over economic apparatuses as causes of the recession.

According to the text, an important change in the new DSM-5 is that

the term Gender Dysphoria removes some stigma by taking the word "disorder" out of the approach.

Research also describes the infant mortality rate in the United States. This is the number of deaths of children under one year of age in a given time or place. The rate for blacks was nearly ________ that of whites.

twice

Children learn at a young age that there are distinct expectations for boys and girls. Cross-cultural studies reveal that children are aware of gender roles by the age o

two or three.

Same-sex marriage became legal nationwide on June 26, 2015, when the United States Supreme Court ruled that state-level bans on same-sex marriage were

unconstitutional.

A societal privilege that benefits people who are white in a way that goes beyond what is commonly experienced by non-white individuals under the same societal, political, or economic circumstances is known as ________.

white privilege.

Which of these terms describes the process by which a minority individual or group abandons its own identity to take on the characteristics of the dominant culture, perhaps by absorbing immigrants from different lands?

Assimilation

People standing in line at the post office would represent which type of crowd?

Casual

Immigration from ________ and ________ continued well into the late 19th century and early part of the 20th century, at which time the immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe began to arrive in larger numbers.

Germany and Ireland

When products are assembled over the course of several international transactions, these are referred to as

Global assembly lines. Correct. Predatory capitalist practices include the formation of monopolies and cartels, abuse of power therein, collusive trade restrictions.

The best example of socialized medicine is in ________, where the National Health System (NHS) gives free healthcare to all its residents and has done so since the 1940s..

Great Britain

Calculating the ________ is one way to analyze a country's standard of living.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

Native Americans once numbered in the ________ but by 2010, they made up only________ of U.S. population (U.S. Census 2010).

Millions; 0.9 percent

What is a conclusion reached by symbolic interactionists regarding social stratification?

Most people only socialize with people in their same social class. Correct. Symbolic interactionists try to understand how the meanings we negotiate in day-to-day interactions become established in a stratified society, and therefore help to reinforce these peer groupings.

________ encompasses all interactive forms of information exchange. These include social networking sites, blogs, podcasts, wikis, and virtual worlds.

New media

________is an economic system in which there is government ownership (often referred to as "state run") of goods and their production, with an impetus to share work and wealth equally among the members of a society.

Socialism

________ refers to how a certain amount of unemployment is a direct result of the relative inflexibility of the labor market, and there is a mismatch between people seeking jobs and the available jobs.

Structural unemployment

Tamir grew up in India in a closed society, where marriage was pre-arranged with someone of his same station in life. Tamir is an example of someone living under a/an ________.

caste system. Correct. A caste system fixes individuals in place based on their status at birth.

The two types of stratification systems are ________, which do not allow change in social position and ________, which are based on achievement and allow movement between levels.

closed systems; open systems. Correct. These are the two names given to social systems of stratifications that either do or do not allow for social movement and/or interaction between classes.

David was born in Honduras, but immigrated with his family to the United States when he was nine years old. He is interested in international business and hopes to open a company with factories in his native country. As he does research into labor laws, he is astounded by the behavior of some companies who exploit labor in peripheral nations. This exploitative inequality is best addressed by which sociological perspective?

conflict theory. Correct. Conflict theory focuses on the creation and reproduction of class, race, gender, and other forms of inequality and views stratification as something to be identified and eliminated.

Many people in the United States are fond of saying that this country has the best healthcare in the world, and while it is true that the United States has a higher quality of care available than many peripheral or semi-peripheral nations, it is not necessarily the "best in the world" when compared with ________ nations.

core

In Immanuel Wallerstein's theory, dominant capitalist countries which are highly industrialized and urbanized are referred to as

core countries. Correct. These are the more stable, affluent nations that exert political power over less developed peripheral nations.

On average, a black man will live approximately ________ when compared with a white man in the United States.

five fewer years

In a globalized economy, products are increasingly made in multiple nations to save costs. When a product is designed in one nation and parts are produced in various others before the final product is constructed, this is an example of a(n)________.

global assembly line

Globalization has led to the development of ________, where internationally integrated economic links connect workers and corporations for the purpose of manufacture and marketing.

global commodity chain

As a result of ________, women's viewpoints tend to be silenced or marginalized to the point of being discredited or considered invalid.

patriarchy. Correct. Patriarchy places men in positions of power and competition over women, and assumes women cannot perform the same tasks those men in power could.

In the DSM-IV, ________ represent "an enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates markedly from the expectations of the culture of the individual who exhibits it." In other words,________ cause people to behave in ways that are seen as abnormal to society but seem normal to them.

personality disorders

The U.S. government has a great deal of influence on private companies through the laws it passes and the regulations enforced by government agencies. Through taxes, regulations on wages, guidelines to protect worker safety and the environment, and financial rules for banks and investment firms, the government exerts a certain amount of control over how all companies do business in an attempt to reduce

predatory capitalism. Correct. Predatory capitalist practices include the formation of monopolies and cartels, abuse of power therein, collusive trade restrictions.

Many people cannot afford ________ but their income level is not low enough to meet eligibility standards for government supported insurance.

private health insurance

Symbolic interactionist theory studies the ways that people often interact with others who belong to their same class because

symbols of stratification help to reflect our identity with certain groups. Correct. This theory is concerned with how the symbolic meanings we negotiate in day-to-day interactions become established, and therefore how they help to reinforce class stratification

Until the end of the eighteenth century, most manufacturing was done by manual labor. This changed as inventors devised machines to manufacture goods. As important innovations were made, it ushered in what many scholars recognize as the greatest change, a revolution that changed the world called

the Industrial revolution

According to the Davis-Moore thesis,

the more society values a particular profession, the more the people in that profession will make. Correct. The thesis argues that without such value-based stratification certain important jobs would not be filled, and society would suffer without these crucial components of the economic and social system.

One of the benefits that some people receive simply by being part of the dominant group in the U.S. is called

white privilege.