Soc Terms Chapters 10-15
What is the central means by which modern society transmits knowledge, values, and expectations to its members?
Education
In what way is the family responsible for the reproduction of society?
It produces and socializes children
What is it called when individuals must care for both their own children and their elderly parents?
The sandwich generation effect
The Industrial Revolution changed not only working conditions, but also many other elements of daily life.
True
What do sociologists call the tendency to marry someone of a similar background?
Endogamy
Why do many contemporary sociologists speak not of "the" family, but rather of "families"?
Family situations in contemporary society are so varied that there is no single model
Which of the following would be an example of a positive check on population growth?
Famine
What new technology was important to the Industrial Revolution?
The steam engine
Family friends who are referred to as "Aunt" or "Uncle" are examples of:
fictive kin
Religious groups that emphasize literal interpretation of sacred texts are called:
fundamentalist
The study of human populations and their impact on the natural world is called:
social ecology
Systems and structures that persist over time and help to organize group life are called:
social institutions
When was the last inter-racial marriage law struck down in the United States?
1967
What is the most extreme form of socialism called?
Communism
The United States has the lowest infant mortality rate in the world?
False
Women of all different socioeconomic statuses are equally likely to be abused.
False
How did the Industrial Revolution create "work" in the modern sense?
In a traditional economy, most work happened in the home
How has the Information Revolution changed the nature of work and the economy?
It has shifted the economy toward the production of knowledge and services
What do sociologists call the lessons that students learn indirectly, but which they are not officailly or formally tested on?
The hidden curriculm
What development transformed and expanded the role of distance learning in the American educational system?
The rise of the internet
In a capitalist system, what do workers have available to sell?
Their own labor
What is the most extreme form of authoritarianism called?
Totalitarianism
Even manufacturing jobs now require workers to have some skills in knowledge work and information technology.
True
Nonindustrialized nations with high fertility rates are the largest consumers of energy worldwide.
True
An association of workers who organize to improve their economic status and working conditions is called:
a union
On January 30, 2005, Iraq held what many claim were the first free and fair elections in its history, after many decades of military dictatorship. This was seen as the first step in transforming Iraq into a:
democracy
The study of the size, composition, distribution and change in a human population is called:
demography
Which of the following is a basic demographic variable?
migration
The shift of large segments of the population away from the urban core and toward the edge of cities is called:
suburbanization
The fact that school schedules are organized around Christmas is evidence:
that the United States is not a totally secular society
When students are tested, and the test results are used to place them in a certain category of classes (remedial, advanced, college prep, etc..)this process is called:
tracking
When environmental sociologists study the problems of waste and consumption, how are they understanding the environment?
As a social problem
Why did Karl Marx believe that workers in a capitalist economy experienced alienation?
Because they are paid for their labor but do not own the things they produce
Under what circumstance are bystanders less likely to attempt to help a stranger who appears to be in danger?
When there are lots of bystanders
Who is more likely to return home after a full day of paid labor and then have to put in a "second shift" at home taking care of domestic work?
Women
How do male and female life expectancies compare in the United States today?
Women live an average of 5 years longer than men
Propinquity refers to:
geographical proximity
The cultural and economic changes that result from dramatic increases in international trade and exchange are called:
globalization
gentrification
which entails the transformation of poor inner-city neighborhoods into more affluent middle-class communities.