SOCI 1101: Population, Urbanization, & Environment

In 2013, the world is home to about how many people? a. 7 billion b. 4 billion c. 1 billion d. 700 million

7 Billion

Currently, about how much of the global population increase is taking place in low-income nations? a. 33 percent b. 50 percent c. 75 percent d. 98 percent

98 percent

Which of the following is evidence of the shortage of fresh water now found around the world? a. China's supply of ground water is declining rapidly. b. Water supply in the Middle East is at a critical level. c. Mexico City has pumped so much water from the ground that the city continues to sink about two inches per year. d. All of these responses are correct.

All of these responses are correct.

One region of the world has both the highest birth rate and the highest infant mortality rate. Which is it? a. Latin America b. Africa c. Europe d. Asia

Asia

Among which of the following categories of the U.S. population is fertility low? a. Hispanics b. Amish people c. Asian Americans d. All of these responses are correct.

Asian Americans

The United States is a high-income country; therefore, we would expect population increase to result from which of the following? a. both immigration and natural increase b. natural increase only c. immigration only d. emigration only

Both immigration and natural increase

Which of the following concepts refers to the number of live births in a given year for every thousand people in a population? a. fertility b. refined birth rate c. crude birth rate d. fecundity

Crude birth rate

If you were studying countries with very low infant mortality, in which of the following global regions would you be most likely to look? a. Latin America b. Africa c. Europe d. Asia

Europe

Because our planet is mostly covered with oceans, there is no shortage of fresh water.

False

In general, the way of life of people living in low-income nations causes much more harm to the environment than the way of life of people living in high-income nations does

False

People's movement out of a territory is called immigration.

False

The average life expectancy for U.S. children born today is about sixty years.

False

Which of the following concepts refers to the maximum possible childbearing for women? a. the crude birth rate b. fertility c. fecundity d. the refined birth rate

Fecundity

Demography is defined as the study of a. democratic political systems. b. human population. c. changes in human culture. d. the natural environment.

Human population

If you were to examine an age-sex pyramid for a low-income nation, you would expect to see which of the following patterns? a. a wide base, indicating a high birth rate b. a square shape, indicating a low birth rate c. a bulge in the middle, indicating a "baby boom" d. None of the other responses is correct.

I wide base, indication a high birth rate

Which of the following four statements about migration is NOT true? a. Migration can be voluntary or involuntary. b. Movement into a territory is called immigration. c. Movement out of a territory is called emigration. d. Migration has little or no effect on population size.

Migration has little or no effect on population size

If you were to compare Sunbelt cities, such as Houston, to Snowbelt cities, such as Detroit, what differences would you find? a. Sunbelt cities are typically smaller in physical size. b. Sunbelt cities generally have smaller populations. c. Sunbelt cities generally have larger populations and are larger in physical size. d. Sunbelt cities lack the sprawl typical of Snowbelt cities.

Sunbelt cities generally have larger populations and are larger in physical size

In terms of migration within the United States, the region of the country most often left behind is a. the heartland or Great Plains, from North Dakota down to Texas. b. the South. c. the West Coast, from Washington down to California. d. the Southeast.

The heartland or Great Plains, the North Dakota down to Texas

Fertility refers to a. life expectancy for a nation's population. b. norms that encourages people to have children. c. the maximum number of children a woman can have. d. the incidence of childbearing in a nation's population

The incidence of childbearing in a nation's population

Which of the following concepts refers to the optimistic approach to environmental issues that claims science can promote progress and solve environmental problems? a. the sustainability thesis b. the Malthusian thesis c. the limits to growth d. the logic of growth

The logic of growth

Looking at countries around the world, what is the relationship between average income level and rate of population increase? a. The lower the average income, the greater the population increase. b. All nations are increasing at about the same rate. c. The higher the average income, the greater the population increase. d. Poor nations are holding steady, rich nations are decreasing.

The lower the average income, the greater the population increase.

In most poor nations of the world today, what is the average number of children born to a woman? a. ten b. eight c. six d. three

Three

A metropolis is a large city that socially and economically dominates an urban area.

True

An age-sex pyramid is useful, in part, because it helps predict the demographic future of a society

True

As societies gain technological power, more population, and affluence they have a greater and greater effect on the natural environment.

True

At the present rate of loss, almost all of the rain forests will be gone by the end of this century

True

Demography is the study of the size and composition of a society's population.

True

During the last decade, there has been a rebound in the rural population of the United States.

True

Durkheim's concept of mechanical solidarity parallels Tönnies's concept of Gemeinschaft

True

Environmental racism is a pattern by which environmental hazards are greatest for the poor, especially poor minorities.

True

For decades, China has regulated fertility with a "one-child" policy

True

In many low-income nations, parents value sons more than daughters, which explains why the age-sex ratio in these nations may be higher than 100

True

More than eighty nations have a birth rate below the zero population growth point.

True

Protecting the rain forests is vital to maintaining the Earth's biodiversity

True

The crude birth rate in North America is lower than that for Asia.

True

The forced transport of 10 million slaves from Africa to the Americas is an example of involuntary migration.

True

The infant mortality rate for African Americans is more than twice as high as it is for white people

True

To calculate a crude birth rate, divide the number of live births in a year into the total population and multiply the result by 1,000.

True

If a nation has a sex ratio of 108, as India does, it is very likely that parents there a. value sons more than daughters. b. value daughters more than sons. c. value children of both sexes equally. d. place little value on children.

Value sons more than daughters

The concept "megalopolis" refers to which of the following? a. a vast urban region containing many cities and suburbs b. the largest city in any country c. a dense, central city d. the "rural rebound"

a vast urban region containing many cities and suburbs.

Malthus argued that a. population would increase in geometric progression. b. food and other resources would increase in arithmetic progression. c. people would reproduce to a point beyond what the planet could support. d. All of these responses are correct.

all of these responses are correct

Throughout most of human history, families had many children because a. children were a source of needed labor. b. birth control was not reliable. c. high death rates meant that many children did not reach adulthood. d. All of these responses are correct.

all of these responses are correct.

In the United States, the birth rate is currently a. at the replacement level. b. below the replacement level. c. slightly above the replacement level. d. well above the replacement level

at the replacement level

Which of the following statements correctly describes societies at the postindustrial level of technological development? a. Birth rates are low. b. Death rates are steady. c. Both A and B are true. d. None of the other responses is correct.

both a and b are true

Which of the following concepts refers to the study of the interaction of living organisms and the natural environment? a. sociobiology b. ecology c. demography d. urban studies

ecology

How much did the world's population increase during the twentieth century? a. Not at all—it stayed about the same. b. It doubled. c. It tripled. d. It quadrupled.

it quadrupled

The concept "environmental deficit" refers to a. long-term harm to the environment caused by a short- sighted focus on material affluence. b. the fact that too few people are engaged in the study of the natural environment. c. the fact that natural scientists ignore the social dimensions of environmental problems. d. efforts to protect the environment to benefit future generations.

long-term harm to the environment caused by a short-sighted focus on material affluence.

The basic idea behind demographic transition theory is a. population patterns reflect a society's level of technological development. b. population increase will outstrip the planet's ability to support us. c. population increase is now mostly in high-income nations. d. All of these responses are correct.

population patterns reflect a society's level of technological development

Why is the gradual loss of the world's rainforests an important environmental concern? a. Rain forests are vital to maintaining the planet's biodiversity and climate. b. Rain forests are necessary grazing lands. c. Rain forests are a vital source of hardwoods and other raw materials. d. Rain forests are a source of air pollution.

rain forests are vital to maintaining the planet's biodiversity and climate.

The demographic measure called the "sex ratio" refers to a. how easily couples conceive children. b. the number of males for every 100 females in the population. c. the number of females for every 100 males in the population. d. the ratio of children to adults in a population

the number of males for every 100 females in the population