SOCI 1301 Ch.1

Who wrote The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism?

. Max Weber

Science can be defined as:

A logical system that bases knowledge on direct, systematic observation

Sociology helps us to:

All of the above are correct

Sociology emerged in the nineteenth century, with the idea of a secular morality from which thinker?

Auguste Comte

Which of the following sociologists developed the theory of positivism?

Auguste Comte

Which of the following lists the individuals known as "the founding fathers of the

Durkheim, Marx, and Weber

A criticism of symbolic-interaction approach is that it:

Ignores how structural factors such as class affect people's experiences

Which of the following is an accurate criticism of the structural-functional approach?

It ignores inequality that can generate tension and conflict.

The contemporary social movement with the slogan "Fight for 15" seeks a $15 minimum wage and unionization. This attempt to mobilize and make gains for workers can be viewed as in line with the view of the social world of which classical sociological theorist?

Karl Marx

Which of the following people had an important influence on the development of the social-conflict approach?

Karl Marx

According to Emile Durkheim, a category of people with higher suicide rates typically has:

Lower social integration

Rather than complaining about "kids these days," 52-year-old Professor Cathy Small enrolled as an undergraduate at a large university in an attempt to better understand the college experience of her students. She published her findings in the book, My Freshman Year (under the pen name of Rebekah Nathan). This research is in line with the methodology developed by which of the following early sociologists? methodology

Max Weber

Who criticized Marx for focusing exclusively on economics and social class as explanations for human behavior and advocated sociological analyses that allowed for multiple influences?

Max Weber

The social-conflict approach draws attention to:

Patterns of social inequality

Whether Muslim women veil themselves, especially in countries such as the United States and France, is often a controversial topic. Sociological research has found that while some women choose to veil for religious reasons, others may take up the veil because they are motivated to claim their Muslim identity in the face of anti-Muslim sentiment. These different interpretations of the importance of veiling illustrates how meaning is subjective. This emphasis on differences in subjective interpretations, in turn, is characteristic of

Postmodernism

Suicide rates are generally higher among:

Single people compared to married people

The chief characteristic of the _________ approach is its view of society as orderly and stable.

Structural-functional

Which of the following was the first African American to receive a PhD from Harvard University?

W. E. B. Du Bois

Which American sociologist was the first to undertake ethnography in the African American community?

W. E. B. DuBois

In the United States today, suicide rates is higher for which of the following categories of people?

White males

Which sociologist of the twentieth century introduced the concept of the sociological imagination?

Wright Mills

Drivers stop at red lights for no other reason than that there is a shared understanding that this is what you're supposed to do at a red light. This shared meaning becomes the basis for how people act and interact with each other on the road and thus takes on the appearance of an objective fact. This is an example of

a social construction

Which of the following is defined as a complex group of interdependent positions that together perform a social role and reproduce themselves over time?

a social institution

In her interview with Dalton Conley, Julia Adams talks about the differences between sociology and history. As a self-identified historical comparative sociologist, Adams makes the point that sociologists are less concerned with uniqueness than they are with commonalities. Consider Henry the VIII of England during the mid-1500s. Henry's succession of marriages (six wives in all) is often seen as a unique case. Six wives is a lot by the norms of many European societies. A sociologist, however, might well look at it by considering the ways in which Henry's marriages

affected religious life in England then, with ramifications that continue through the present.

In our discussion of the political right (the term right-wing can generally refer to "the conservative or reactionary section of a political party or system. Although the right-wing originated with traditional conservatives, monarchists and reactionaries, the term extreme right-wing has also been applied to movements including (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right-wing_politics)

all of the above are considered Right-Wing group

In our discussion of the political left, we learned that generally, groups such as the following have been classified as left wing. a. Black Power movement

all of the above are considered left wing groups

According to Suicide, one of the main social forces leading to suicide is a sense of normlessness that results from drastic changes in society. This normlessness was called:

anomie.

"Thinking like a sociologist" means that you

apply analytical tools to the things you've always done without much conscious thought in the past.

What is an example of using one's sociological imagination?

creating different hypotheses to explain an individual's behavior when you see that person acting strangely in public

Which area within the discipline of anthropology is most similar to sociology?

cultural anthropology

Sociology is distinct from other academic disciplines in its attempt to

detect patterns in how different societies respond to similar phenomena.

Using the sociological imagination helps sociologists (and students of sociology)

develop the ability to see the connections between our own personal experience and the larger forces of history.

Jamar, a young Black man, enters a clothing store. A security guard immediately notices him and follows his actions on a security monitor. Jamar is aware of the security guard's actions and adjusts his own behavior to avoid a potential confrontation. This is a contemporary example of which sociological concept developed at the turn of the twentieth century?

double consciousness

What is an example of an application of midrange theory?

exploring the role of churches in maintaining community ties in rural areas

Which modern sociological theory examines how power relationships are defined, shaped, and reproduced on the basis of gender differences?

feminism

Allison is concerned with the subtle messages that her niece receives from her kindergarten teacher about suitable careers. For example, picture books read in class portray women as nurses and secretaries but the doctors and engineers in the books are male. Allison's concerns reflect what kind of theoretical perspective?

feminist

The early sociological writer, Harriet Martineau, wrote a book in 1838 that examined the institution of marriage and challenged assumptions about women's inferiority. In this respect, Martineau espoused what kind of theoretical position in her sociological writing?

feminist

The author of your text states that the most age-segregated social institution in our

four-year college.

A theoretical perspective most popular in the mid-twentieth century held that social realities such as the roles that men and women play in heterosexual couples or the existence of inequality could be explained by the necessary purpose they served in society. What was this theoretical perspective?

functionalism

Sociology is the study of:

group-level dynamics and social structures.

One of the challenges faced by many colleges and universities is binge drinking on campus. Imagine you are tasked with developing solutions to this problem. Thinking sociologically, you suggest that it would be useful to understand the meaning placed on the parties where binge drinking happens, so solutions are based on a deeper understanding of the experience itself. Your approach relies on the methodology of

interpretive sociology.

etting ready to go out on a first date with someone she first contacted through a dating app, Jada tries on a dress and stilettos. Then, remembering that the person mentioned liking sporty women, Jada reconsidered and changed into shorts and a tank top. Jada's wardrobe change illustrates what social theory?

looking-glass self

Montrice is conducting a study of the effect of economic recessions on marriage rates in European countries. What type of sociology is this?

macrosociology

Which of the following focuses its analyses on larger social dynamics at the societal and structural levels?

macrosociology

Observing and analyzing the conversations patients have with their doctors would be an example of what kind of sociology?

microsociology

Which of the following focuses its analyses on face-to-face encounters and interactions?

microsociology

To Marx, conflict between a small number of capitalists and a large number of workers would divide society. He referred to this large number of workers as:

proletariat.

A family, as a group of people living together and sharing individual stories, makes up a

social

What is defined as a complex group of interdependent positions that, together, perform a social role and reproduce over time?

social institution

Which discipline defines itself as "the systemic study of human society"?

sociology

The functionalist paradigm went largely unchallenged in the United States until about the

supporting the dominant class structure and the inequalities associated with it.

A researcher spends time with small organic farmers on their land and at market in order to understand their particular subculture, noting the brands of work clothes they prefer; their conversations about hoop houses, compost, and aquaponics; and the nonverbal greetings they give other drivers on rural roads. This focus reflects which approach to research?

symbolic interactionism

Which modern sociological theory attempts to understand social behavior by examining the ways people interpret and give meaning to social signals and signs?

symbolic interactionism

Positivism is best defined as the:

that we can scientifically and logically study social institutions and the individuals

Charles H. Cooley argued that the "self "emerges from how an individual interacts with others and then interprets those interactions. He calls this:

the looking glass self.

Sociologists of the Chicago School emphasized the importance of

the social environment in shaping people's behavior and personality.

Which of the following sociologists wrote Suicide in 1897?

Émile Durkheim