SOCI 351 Ch.1

Identify an impact of globalization on college-educated young adults in the United States when compared with high school educated young adults.

They find well-paying professional and technical jobs in the United States.

In the postmodern era, kinship ties are being _____ as opposed to the modern era.

created

In public families, _____ are defined as children, the frail elderly, and the chronically ill.

dependents

Gary Becker's rational choice-based theory was used to explain the prevalence of the breadwinner-homemaker family, which refers to a married couple with children in which the _____.

father worked for pay and the mother did not

The ____-______ refers to the tendency for people to obtain public goods by letting others do the work of producing them.

free-rifer problem

To queer theorists, the supremacy of the conventional birth-marriage-or-adoption definition of the family is a prime example of _____.

heteronormativity

_____ refers to a person's sense of who he or she is and of where he or she fits in the social structure.

self identity

The adherents of _____ see the social world as a much more fragile and unstable place, in which individuals are continually creating and sustaining meanings, often without much conscious thought to costs and benefits.

symbolic interaction theory

Identify the central factors in an individualistic approach to marriage and family life. (Check all that apply.)

-A sense of whether one's partnership is meeting one's emotional needs -One's personal evaluation of how much satisfaction one is getting -A sense of whether one is growing and developing as a person

True or false: Public goods are mostly produced in larger quantities than is socially desirable.

False

True or false: Sociologists mostly strive to analyze their data using subjective theories.

False

Identify an argument of feminist theorists.

They argue that the kinds of work women do are valued less highly than the kinds that men do

OCW Industries Inc. operates several cement plants along the banks of a river. The cement plants discharge all industrial waste into the river. OCW Industries gains by producing cement without having to implement a proper waste disposal mechanism, but imposes an environmental cost on the river and surrounding ecosystems. In the context of externalities, this scenario can be viewed as an example of a(n) _____.

negative externality

Things that may be enjoyed by people who do not themselves produce them are known as _____.

public goods

Identify a true statement about the queer theory perspective on the family.

It rejects the idea of fixed, stable sexual and gender identities.

The definition of the private family allows for _____ to be part of the family.

Children

It was necessary to avoid _____ to be respectable during the mid-twentieth century.

Divorce

True or false: In the West, globalization has improved the economic prospects of young adults with less education, while eroding the ability of highly educated young adults to form stable, long-term family bonds.

False

Which of the following sociological perspectives on the family views sexuality and gender as artificially organized into categories that reflect the power of heterosexual norms?

Queer theory

is the process through which individuals take in knowledge, reflect on it, and alter their behavior as a result.

Reflexivity

What has made it difficult for high-school educated young adults in the United States to find decent jobs?

The movement of manufacturing jobs overseas

Identify a reason for the lesser role of marriage and the greater tolerance of those who are not married in today's world.

The movement of married women into the paid workforce

Identify a consequence of the greater investment of emotion and time that was seen to be needed among the white middle class in the United States between 1776 and 1830.

The number of children per family declined.

Identify the groups to which subjects are randomly assigned by social scientists when conducting an experiment to confirm or disconfirm a relationship between two factors.

Treatment and controlled group

The roles of social institution give people positions such as parent, child, spouse, and so on, whereas the rules of social institution offer people guidance about how to _____.

act in these roles

The key challenge for the public family is the free-rider problem, whereas the private family faces the problem of _____.

boundary ambiguity

A sociological theory that views people as rational beings who decide whether to exchange goods or services by considering the benefits they will receive, the costs they will incur, and the benefits they might receive if they choose an alternative course of action is known as the

exchange theory

Valeria is a 24-year-old college graduate who is seeking a boyfriend. She feels comfortable expressing her innermost thoughts to her best friend and expresses a keen desire to connect emotionally with a romantic partner. She also spends a considerable amount of time at a health club to keep her body in shape. In the context of individualism, Valeria's style of life, with its emphasis on developing one's feelings and emotional satisfaction, is an example of the _____ style of life.

expressive individualism

Benefits or costs that accrue to others when an individual or business produces something are known as _____.

externalities

what is a union based on personal rewards rather than on the approval of family, friends, and community.

individualistic marriage

Observational studies are carried out with far fewer families than are surveys because _____.

it takes a great deal of time to study a family in depth

The postmodern theorists believe that the rise of reflexive change is a key characteristic of the _____.

late modern era

The main disadvantage of the survey method using a random sample is the _____.

limited amount of information that can be gathered on each person or family

Unlike the modern era, individuals in the late modern era must _____.

make choices about nearly all aspects of their lives

A consequence of the transference of jobs overseas and the loss of jobs to automation is that young adults are discouraged from _____.

marrying

Kinship was _____ in the traditional East Asian family.

patrilineal

Blue Whisk Inc. is a confectionery company that introduces new energy bars. To promote its new product, Blue Whisk offers promotional discounts and invests heavily on advertising campaigns. Consumers gain by purchasing the bars at low prices without having to pay for the cost of manufacturing, while Blue Whisk incurs substantial expenditures on promoting its new product. In the context of externalities, this scenario can be viewed as an example of a(n) _____.

positive externality

The term _______ refers to a set of roles and rules that define a social unit of importance to society.

social institution

Dana, a school teacher, decides to remain childless and have other families raise children. In this way, she will receive the same Social Security check that comes from payroll taxes paid by workers, whether or not the workers were raised by her. In this scenario, Dana's tendency is referred to as _____.

the free-rider problem

Emmilian is a 26-year-old economics graduate who is pursuing a Ph.D. in financial markets regulation. He is independent, ambitious, and also devotes his spare time interning at a reputed financial services corporation. He is determined to succeed on his own and to get to the top of the corporate ladder. In the context of individualism, Emmilian's style of life, with its emphasis on self-reliance and personal achievement, exemplifies the _____ style of life.

utilitarian individualism

In less developed countries globalization can induce parents to _____.

work long hours for wages that are low by Western standards