Social Psychology

People are less likely to give aid if an emergency occurs in the presence of many observers. This is known as the _____ effect.

bystander

Refusing to hire qualified job applicants because of the color of their skin is to engage in:

discrimintaion

Diffusion of responsibility is MOST likely to influence:

helping behavior.

People may unconsciously harbor negative racial associations. This BEST illustrates the subtle nature of:

implicit prejudice.

In _____ cultures, people are more likely to commit the fundamental attribution error, while in _____ cultures, they are less likely to commit the fundamental attribution error.

individualist; East Asian

Those perceived as different or apart from one's group are their:

outgroup

Using the Asch procedure, conformity to group judgments would be LEAST likely when:

participants are not observed by other group members when giving their answers.

The saying by Aristotle, "personal beauty is a greater recommendation than any letter of introduction" demonstrates what?

physical attractiveness

Bill was a very aggressive and violent youth. He often got into fistfights with the other boys and was even charged with assault when he was in his mid-twenties. Bill is now 65 years old and it takes a lot to make him angry. Why is this the case?

Bill's levels of the hormone testosterone have decreased.

Clay would get angry very quickly when he was a teenager. Now he is in his fifties and it takes a lot to make him angry. What has changed?

Clay's levels of the hormone testosterone have decreased.

Laxmi is a mother. The responsibilities and expectations associated with this position constitute a social:

role.

Evidence shows that people exhibit heightened levels of prejudice when they are economically frustrated. This offers support for the _____ theory.

scapegoat

Dr. Pena is conducting research about how people form impressions of others and how they interpret one another's behavior in a variety of situations. Dr. Pena is probably a _____ psychologist.

social

Arturo believes that most young women from California are extremely good looking and that extremely good-looking women are usually selfish and egotistical. His beliefs are examples of:

stereotypes.

While on a date with his girlfriend, Juan discovered that she was depressed about a low exam grade. He found that he began to feel dejected and they both talked very little and ended the date early. Juan's change in mood BEST illustrates:

the chameleon effect.

In the Asch conformity experiments, researchers found that conformity to the group increases when:

the group is unanimous.

Alia and John just met. Which factor will MOST likely affect their first impression of each other?

physical attractiveness

After the events of 9/11, some Americans began boycotting Arab-American stores and lashing out at any Middle Eastern person they saw. This behavior is BEST explained in terms of:

the scapegoat theory.

The term _____ refers to behavior that intends to help or benefit someone.

prosocial

Maria and Dionne have worked together for several years. Each Christmas they exchange gifts and the gifts are pretty much equal in value. This BEST demonstrates:

reciprocity norm.

Class members are asked to work cooperatively in groups on major course papers. Every member of a group is to receive exactly the same grade based on the quality of the group's paper. This situation is MOST likely to lead to:

social loafing.

Mr. Rogers thinks that all teenagers are reckless, promiscuous, irresponsible delinquents. Mr. Rogers appears to be associating qualities that are unrelated to the objective evidence that define all members of this particular age group. Mr. Rogers is demonstrating:

stereotype

The Townsville blood bank is desperately in need of blood donors. Which student would MOST likely contribute to the blood bank if asked?

Adam, who has just fallen head over heels in love

_____ can be defined as any physical or verbal behavior that is intended to hurt or destroy.

Aggression

Which psychologist is responsible for developing attribution theory?

Fritz Heider

When a police officer pulls over a car because the driver is an African-American male in an expensive car, the police officer has committed:

a microaggression.

Bob has very strong opinions about the tuition increase at his university. However, once he is the student representative for the college board, he develops a more favorable attitude about the tuition increase. Which theory BEST explains why?

cognitive dissonance theory

During a test, Abe impulsively copied several answers from a nearby student's paper. He felt very uncomfortable about having done this until he convinced himself that copying answers is not wrong if classmates are careless enough to expose their test sheets. Which theory BEST explains why Abe adopted this new attitude?

cognitive dissonance theory

Hugh bought a new calculator for $125. One week later, he saw an ad from another store showing the same calculator on sale for $65. Hugh said, "I'm still glad I got my calculator; the cheaper ones are probably defective. I don't mind having paid more for mine." Hugh's statement reflects:

cognitive dissonance.

Clay and Margaret have been married for over 50 years. They are MOST likely experiencing:

companionate love.

Laurie and Jim have been married for 20 years. When asked, Laurie indicated that what she most appreciated about their marriage was that they both freely give and receive affection and that they share decision making and household responsibilities. Laurie's description is an example of:

equity.

Josh and Donna are discussing the latest release by their favorite band. "I didn't like it at first, but now that I've played it a few times, I love it!" Donna states. Donna's remark exemplifies the _____ effect.

mere exposure