Social Psychology - Ch. 8

Difference between direct and indirect reciprocity.

Direct is equal giving/taking between two people; indirect is providing help with no assumed favor in return.

What type of reciprocity describes the condition whereby one provides help to another even though the recipient has no chance to return the favor?

Indirect reciprocity

If people help in order to receive praise from others, then what would be expected under cover of darkness?

People would be less likely to help others.

According to the text, what is the first safeguard for research participants (must be met before research can begin) established by the APA?

Researchers must obtain informed consent from participants

Define inclusive fitness.

ability one's genes to survive both in one's own offspring AND in one's genetic relatives

Selflessness helping.

alturism

After each participant in her study finishes the dependent measures, Patricia conducts a debriefing. According to the text, this means she:

asked a series of questions about their experiences in the study

Howard donates thousands of dollars each year to the local homeless shelter because he was told that if he donates enough he will get his name on a plaque. Howard's motivation is mostly:

egoistic

June believes that she can successfully help people in need. June can be said to possess:

empathic self-efficacy.

Batson et al.'s 2007 study involving the fictional "Bryan" revealed that Bryan was valued most by the participants when he:

helped the old woman.

The bystander effect refers to the fact that:

helping may be less likely as group size increases

In the Levine, Prosser, Evans, Reicher (2005) study, U.K. football fans were more likely to help another fan if:

if the helper and victim supported the same team.

When faced with intruders, ants often sacrifice themselves for the good of the colony. This behavior supports the idea of:

inclusive fitness

Joey is feeling sad and puts money into a charity bin in order to feel better. This action is consistent with the _________ hypothesis.

mood management

Research has found that people who live in ________ help more than those who live in ________.

small towns; big cities

Kathryn has been asked to be the volunteer leader of a fund drive for the local Red Cross. According to the Arousal: Cost Reward Model, Kathryn will be LEAST likely to help if:

the cost of helping is large

In Latané and Darley's smoke study, participants took longer to notice the smoke when they:

were in a group.

Give an example of pluralistic ignorance.

when students in a class are confused but think that everyone else understands what the professor is talking about.