Social Psychology Exam 4

psychosis

sever mental disorder -a state in which a persons perceptions and thoughts are fundamentally removed from reality

persuasion(changing attitudes)

source factors:(credibility, attractiveness, trustworthiness, likeability) message factors:(repetition , strength,validity) audience factors:( forewarning, latitude of acceptance)

attribution theory

states that we have a tendency to explain behavior by attributing a cause to the behavior

Etiology of dissociative disorder

stress=related to onset of disorder and other personalitys coming out.

Insight therapies

talk therapy =talking often brings insight psychoanalysis=explore unconcious influences (frued) modern psychodynamic=client centered (no needed education) , rogers, effectiveness=before and after psychological testing

self-serving bias

tendency to attribute positive outcomes to our internal or personal factors, and negative outcomes to situational or external factors

social loafing

the tendency that people have to exert less effort when in a group then when alone

cognitive behavioral therapy

trying to change the thought processes behind the behavior.

Story of Hannah upp

went out for a run -dissapeared for 2 weeks -doesnt remember any of it -dissociative amnesia

dissociative disorders

(memory dissociation) -dissociative amnesia -dissociative identity disorder (DID)

Discrimination

-(behavior) treating someone differently based soley on group membership.

Stereotype

-A cognition (thought) belief that somebody has a trait solely based on group membership. -commonly based on :race,gender and age

Compassionate Love

-A strong affection and compassion for someone deeply intwined in your life -Grows stronger over time -predictable

electroconvulsive therapy(ECT)

-A.K.A chuck therapy -no other alt. ,desperation -siezures produced through shock effective =for severe depression contraversy=dont know why it works -biomed therapy

Person Impression Biases: Context Effects

-Beautiful vs Ugly room study -If the setting is nice, things are perceived as nice, setting is bad things are perceived as bad -biases in others

psycho-pharmaceutical therapy

-Biomed therapy -anti-anxiety(zanics), - anti-psychotic(treats hallucinations,delusions&hyperactivity),reduce dopamine -anti-depressant: elevate mood , by increasing serotonin and slowing reuptake -mood stabilizing: control moods (bipolar)-

Love "Styles": Pragma

-Chooses a mate for a specific goal or reason

DSM-IV axes

-Disorder classification (psycho-diagnosis) what they asses before diagnosis -bases for global assesment 1)clinical syndromes 2)personality disorder 3)medical conditions-medical history 4)psychosocial problems-divorced=sad/depressed 5)global assessment functioning(scale 0-100)

Love "Styles": Mania

-Drama filled relationship -High high's, low low's

Etiology of anxiety related disorders

-Genetics=know by studying mono/dyzygotic twins -neurochemicals=GABA & serotonin low levels -classical and operant conditioning=learning by assoc. learning by reward & punishmnent -cognitive=interpretation -personality=neuroticism -stress=onset into episode

Social Cognition

-How we think about ourselves and others

Sternberg's Triangular Theory of Love Relationship Combinations

-I only: Liking someone -P only: Infatuation -C only: Empty love (held together by something external) -I and P: Romantic love -P and C: Foolish love(factuous) -I and C: Companionate love -All 3: Consonant love

Latitude of Acceptance

-If you start talking about something the person likes or in a positive light, you can move towards the more negative topic to persuade them

Spotlight Effect

-Inflated beliefs of being the center of attention -biases in self

Person Impression Biases: Assumed Consensus Effect

-Inflated similarity belief -tendency to think others think like us more than they really do. -biases in other

Passionate Love

-Intense sexual feelings -Unpredictable love -Grows weaker over time

Sternberg's Triangular Theory of Love Relationship

-Intimacy: feeling of closeness and trust -Passion: physical attraction and sexual arousal -Commitment: intention to stay -Relationships can be built on any three of these or a mixture

Mass Murderers

-Kills many people in one streak -They want to die, plan to die, usually will kill themselves -can be rehabilitated -gun is weapon of choice

Serial Killers

-Kills sporadically over time, one at a time -Pleasurable -They do not use guns -They do not care that it is wrong

Hendrick

-Love Styles

Milgram's Obedience Study

-Most famous -Teacher and learned -Learner is shocked by teacher -2/3 people went to XXX shocking simply because they were told "the study must go on" by an actor in a lab coat

Asch's Conformity Experiment

-One person in a room full of actors -All the actors guess the easy question wrong, the real person goes along with it because he doesn't want to be singled out -35%(1/3)

schizophrenia DSM-IV subtypes (4)

-Paranoid=delusions &/ persecutions ,frequent dislusions:I am god -disordered= innapropriate emtions(affect),disorganzed speech,behavior -catatonic=motor disturbances,strict mobility -undifferentiated= having more than one of above

Berschied and Walster

-Passionate and Compassionate love -Made interpersonal attraction and romantic love

Love "Styles": Eros

-Passionate love -Physical feelings, arousal & attraction -love @ first sight -fastest to evolve

Love "Styles": Similarity Theory

-People who are similar tend to be attracted to each other

Bystander Effect

-People will not stop to help if there are other people around them -The thought of "someone else will do it"

Person Impression Biases: Halo Effect

-Preconceived notions of people -personality congruency belief -tendency to think an attractive person has more attractive traits -biases in other

Love "Styles": Ludus

-Relationships are treated as a game

Love "Styles": Storge

-Relationships from from a strong friendship -slowest to evolve

Person Impression Biases: Expectancy Effects

-Selective attention, interpretation, and memory is affected -expectancys about someone can effect how we see them -EX: Going through a neighborhood that you are convinced is lazy, only sees the man drinking a beer on the lawn instead of the other man doing yard work -biases in other -being sane in insane places (study)

Love "Styles": Agape

-Selfless love

Deindividuation

-Tendency to act more deviantly in a group rather than on your own -EX: protest->riots -lack of personal responsibility

Unwanted Thoughts

-Thoughts that will not escape your mind -Break ups, addiction, injustices -whitebear study

Sternberg

-Triangular Theory of Love

Person Impression Biases: Priming Effects

-Using words to prime how people feel -Persuasion(goal to change whats on your mind) -affects interpretaion -biases in others donald study

Prejudice

-an affect(emotion)either liking or disliking someone based on group membership

the state hospital

-art piece worked on by edward kienholz -his state art piece was very graphic and creates environment

psychosurgery

-biomed therapy -uncommon now effect=last resort for institutionalized clients who are harm to staff and others contraversy=only works 1/3 of the time

effectiveness if psychotherapies

-biomed, behavioral and cognitive most effective -all better than NO therapy -best for specifics: phobias=behavioral therapy depression=cognitive therapy bipolar/schizophrenic=biomed therapy

schizophrenia spectrum

-bipolar& schizophrenic -disruptive disturbing thoughts and behavior -major psychotic spymtoms: 1.)Hallucinations=sensory perceptions( voices) 2.)delusions=false beliefs ot rooted in reality 3.)disorganized speech=sentences arent related or phrases w/in sent. arent related. 4.)negative symptoms=something is missing

alternatives to individual therapies

-couples therapies -family therapy -group therapy

anxiety-related disorders

-excessive apprehension 1)generalized anxiety disorder=constant anxiety towards many things 2)phobic disorder=starts w/ phobia ,persistent irrational fears and avoidance of situations of objects that trigger fear. 3)social anxiety disorder(SAD): fear of being in social situations,fears being judged, saying or looking socially wrong 4) panic disorder:(often w/ agoraphobia)=reoccuring spontaneous attacks ,associated w/ phobias 5)OCD 6)PTSD

deinstitutionalization

-goal since 1960s -process of coming out of institution -avg other countries= 2 years(prooving) avg U.S=6 months to proove stipened to live chance for independent living

insanity defense

-if someone was in a state where they didnt realize what they were doing . -must have record of disorder.

(DID)-Dissociative Identity disorder

-multiple personality disorder -each personality has own name, gender, age,health issues,.. -alt personality is aware of original and has access to its memories -theories: 1 =repeated traumatic abuse,brain makes alt. to take abuse. 2=faking it

Mood related disorders etiology

-neurotransmitters=low norepinephrine& serotonin -genetics -cognitive=neg. thoughts, inability to let a thought go -lack of social skills stress-onset to an episode

somatic symptom etiology

-personality=neuroticism cognitive link=attention, excessive to physical process -sick role

Biomedical therapies

-pscyhopharmacuetical therapy -psychosurgery -ECT

cognitive dissonance

-psychological discomfort (dissonance) caused by two inconsistent thoughts,beliefs or attitudes.

somatic symptom and related disorders

-related to physical body -somatic symptom disorder: excessive and persistant anxiety regarding certain symptoms :can be imaginary or real , if real is exagerated -illness anxiety disorder: excessive w the idea of coming down with an illness ex:cancer -(freud)conversion disorder: real neurological symtoms , when neurological symptoms turn into psychological ones -factitious disorder(conscious)=deliberately faking -paralysis

Rosenthal & Jacobsen (1968) school study

-shows that teacher expectations influence student performance. - Positive expectations influence performance positively, and negative expectations influence performance negatively. -Pygmalion Effect

Group behavior

-social loafing -deindividuation -bystander effect

stanford prison study

-studied the psychological effects of being a prisoner or prison guard, which included role playing, obedience, conformity, groupthink, etc.

Behavioral therapies

-systematic desensitization -Aversion therapy -social skills therapy -cognitive behavioral therapy

Egocentric Bias

-tendency to think we are better than we really are -70% of students belive theyre above avg. -biases in self

trephining

-the study of skull; drilling a hole in skull to release demons or evil spirit. -under prior model

-systematic desensitization

-under behavioral therapy relaxation, training hierarchy of fears, (classical con.) -ex: breathing excercises -learning by classical assoc.

Major depressive disorder

-unipolar -persistent sadness, loss of interest in once liked activities, lethargic, sleep disturbances(too much/too little)

3 core positive

1.)Hallucinations=sensory perceptions( voices) 2.)delusions=false beliefs to rooted in reality 3.)disorganized speech=sentences arent related or phrases w/in sent. arent related.

institutionalization

1940s state funded mental hospitals -1960s community health movement 1970s wyatt standards-qualified sufficient staff, min restriction of freedom (more of an ideal than standard)

amok & koro

: malaysia,philipines,africa sudden unconditional outburst of anger which they kill or injure others. -found in withdrawn men depressed/exhausted after and do not remember : china /SE asia -ones genitilia are retracting into abdomens

cultural related disorders

Amok and Koro

social influence

Foot in the door technique:Foot in the door technique: involves making a smaller request ("Would you be interested in a three-month trial subscription to a magazine?") Door in the face technique:involves making the biggest pitch first, ("Would you be interested in a full year subscription?")

langlois & other attraction study (1994)

Langolis and collegues had found that even infants as young as age 3 to 6 months of age showed a preference for attractive vs. unattractive faces as rated by adults. Attractive people have a variety of other positive characteristics.

Dissociative fugue

Loss of all identifying memory , but still remembers specific skills -EX: how to drive , or perform heart surgery

Mood related disorders

Major depressive & Bipolar

extreme deviance

Mass murderers and serial killers

social psychology and germs

Social isolation is a strong risk factor for a range of physical illnesses

stereotype threat

a self-confirming belief that one may be evaluated based on a negative stereotype.

Bipolar disorder

alternating between mania and depression -mania=(reckless, impulsive behavior, low need for sleep, high self-esteem, grandiose planning)

referential thinking

ascribing personal meaning to completely random events.

psychotherapies

behavioral ,biomedical , insight

Attitude theories

classical conditioning :some attitudes are learned by association operant conditioning: some attitudes are learned by reward & punishment (ex:parents) observational learning: internalize attitudes of those you looked up to (role models)

effort justification

coming up with a rationale for the amount of work we put into getting something, typically by increasing the value associated with things that are difficult to attain.

social psychology

deals with social interactions, including their origins and their effects on the individual

Aversion therapy

eliminating undesirable behavior with something unpleasant(shock)

airophobia

fear of flying or being on airplane

acrophobia

fear of heights

agoraphobia

fear of open spaces

New schizophrenia classification

focus more on Positive and negative symptoms,because treatment med are different

Dissociative amnesia

follows traumatic event -loss of memory for info tied to certain events -sometimes with dissociative fugue

schizophrenic disorders etiology

genetics=odds 1 parent:17% 2 oarent:49% neurochemicals=too much dopamine activity brain structure=4 enlaeged ventricles expressed emotions enviroment=more episodes in short term.(overly concerned parents) stress= triggers onset

lake wobegon effect

inflated self evaluations a.k.a egocentric bias -under biases in self

involuntary commitment

not contraversial when you are a danger to yourself /anyone else then you can be committed

Appleby & others (2001) violence study

people with psychological disorders are more likely to be with victims of violence than the perpetrators.

research on gender differences in love styles

predictions: more men will have eros and women agape found:women are more likely for storge and men to be ludus

group think

refers to the impaired group decision making that occurs when making the right decision is less important than maintaining group harmony

psychopaths

remorseless predators who engage in violence to get what they want -subgroup of individuals with (aspd)-anti-social personality disorder

social skills training

replacing maladaptive social skills with adaptive ones ,observational learning