Social Studies African Kingdoms

Describe the transition of power between Kush & Axum. Why was it different than the Kush and Egypt transition?

The Kush and Egypt Transition dissipated slowly, whereas Axum burned Kush down and took it over.

When and where did Muhammad first receive words from Allah?

610 CE, Cave at Mt. Hira

What are camel humps made out of? Explain.

A camel's hump is a giant mound of fat that can weigh as much as 80 pounds.

Kingdom

A country, state or territory ruled by an inherited ruler, often a King or Queen, which can grow into a larger empire with the acquiring of outside territories.

Why is the gold-salt trade considered to be a spiritual journey?

A lot of time spent in isolation and prayer

Civilization

A society that has developed the following characteristics: can produce a surplus of food, establishes towns/cities, a ruling government and clear social hierarchy. (This society can evolve into a kingdom or empire over time).

What were the two main ideas expressed in these words?

Allah is the one true god. To be charitable

What is the difference between Empire, Kingdom & Civilization? Give an example for each.

An empire rules over multiple lands, a kingdom only rules one, and a civilization is much less advanced than the rest.

Why did the Arab traders want gold? Describe the gold-salt trade process.

Both parties made a long journey across the desert. Salt traders would spread out an amount of salt and then leave. Gold traders would arrive and leave an amount of gold dust and then leave. Salt traders would return and if the gold was sufficient they'd take it. If not, they would leave it and wait for another offer. The Gold traders would return and either take back their gold or add to it.

How was the Sphinx of Egypt and Kush both similar and different?

Both wearing Uraei/Uraus Egyptian cobra associated with Isis = protection by spitting fire on threats Tomb guards Half-man & half-lion Different materials (granite/limestone) Egyptian is larger & more Mediterranean looking v. Kush smaller & more African looking.

How were the two sections of the capital of Koumbi-Saleh different?

It was divided into the Muslim section and the traditional African section.

What did Muhammad's physical turning from Jerusalem symbolize?

Symbol of the old passing away and a new religion being established

List three reasons why the African's needed salt.

1. Replenish what's lost in body from sweat. 1. Replenish what's lost in body from sweat. Make food tasty.

What were the three religious groups in Mecca before Muhammad's revelation?

Christianity Judaism Paganism

Cultural Diffusion

Cultural Diffusion is when something from one country moves to another country, and gets changed slightly. Ex: McDonalds in India.

Into what two geographic regions is Africa divided?

East and West Africa.

List the West African Kingdoms with their capitals in order from Earliest to Latest.

Ghana, Koumbi Saleh. Mali, Timbuktu. Songhai- Gao..

Who are the "Desert-Pathfinders? Why are they so important?

Guides through desert that your life depends on.

How did the pilgrimage influence his thinking about his own kingdom?

He wanted it to be more advanced.

How did this pilgrimage influence Mansa Musa's thinking about his own people?

He wanted them to be more educated.

What is the overall point of Al-Bakri's account of Ghana? (Think: What religions were present in Koumbi-Saleh?)

He wrote that Ghana was becoming Muslim.

List five major achievements of the Egyptian Civilization.

Hieroglyphics Pyramids Medicine Farming Religion

Pagan

Idol worship

What religion did the gold-salt trade encourage the spread of?

Islam

What was the problem with the capital being split into two?

It caused unrest.

How were the pyramids constructed by the Egyptians and Kushites different?

Kush (Tomb) Built 255 over 400 years Smaller, steeper (24-120 ft. high & 8-32 ft. wide) Clear entrance Bodies entombed under ground Egypt (Tomb) Built 120 over 3000 years Wider, taller (481 ft. high & 756 ft. wide) Hidden entrance Bodies entombed in the center chamber

Ramadan

Month long fast

What is the greatest threat to these camel caravans today? Why?

New 4x4s that make travel safer and more efficient.

List the East African Kingdoms & their capitals in order from earliest to latest.

Old Kingdom of Egypt, Cairo, New Kingdom of Egypt, Cairo. Kush, Koumbi Saleh. Axum. Ghana, Koumbi Saleh. Mali. Songhai.

Allah

One god of Islam

Qur'an

Qur'an - Holy book of Islam

What are the five pillars of Islam?

Ramadan Praying 5 times a day Pilgrimage to Mecca Proclaiming Allah is your one true god Being charitable

How did Islam contribute to the downfall of Ghana? What did Mali do differently to prevent this from happening?

Since there was unrest in Ghana, that made them weak, so they were conquered. Mali made everyone Muslim.

How were the Egyptians and Kushites physically different?

Skin color can help determine Kushite (Nubian) or Egyptian (Mediterranean)

How was the clothing of the Egyptians and Kushites both similar and different?

Skin color can help determine Kushite (Nubian) or Egyptian (Mediterranean) Both wear Greco-Roman style toga clothing made of linen Barefoot but wear sandals for special occasions Both used precious stones or pottery to make jewelry = attractive to the gods. Henna dye used for make-up Kushite clothes are more colorful with patterns & Egyptians are more neutral and solid Both may wear wigs

Who is the main god for the both the Egyptians and Kushites? What is different about their smaller gods?

Smaller gods are half animal & half human Both polytheistic Both gods hold weapons Both have sphere in their crown for Sun god Kushite = granite & Lion Warrior god (Trad'l tribal symbolizing light, truth & fertility)) Egypt = gold & Anubis (Jackal head/embalming&dead)

Al-Bakri

Spanish-Arab geographer - wrote about N. African culture, people, and geography - never went there

Explain the differences between early and later Axumite coins.

The improved quality of the coin over time shows growth in Axum's technology and power.

Describe Mansa Musa's pilgrimage to Mecca. What did it awaken to the world?

The wealth of mali.

What type of ruler did both Egypt and Kush have? What type of power did both Kush & Egypt's rulers have

They both had a pharaoh, and the ruler had absolute power.

Why were camels a good choice for transporting goods across the Sahara?

They can carry a lot, built for desert, don't need to eat or drink for the entire journey.

What are the three reasons for this specific process?

To each keep the location of their sources a secret. 2. Protection from bandits or thieves. 3. A set of rules in place due to language barriers.

Briefly list the six reasons for the Rapid Spread of Islam.

Trade Heaven for women. Alliance No violence Get justice for wrong actions against you Majority was Muslim.

What did Mansa Musa's pilgrimage encourage the people he met to do?

Trade with mali.

Explain how the spread of Islam into Africa is an example of Cultural Diffusion.

Traders spread Islam to Africa, and Africans changed it slightly.

Why did the Arab traders want gold?

Use for coinage and luxury items.

What purpose were the gold Axumite coins mainly used for? What evidence is there of this?

What purpose were the gold Axumite coins mainly used for? What evidence is there of this?

Empire

When an extensive group of states, countries or territories are under a single supreme force; ruling over other peoples and their territories. (This does not appear within a single moment but develops over time).