Social Studies Praxis 5004 Form 3

An agricultural area experiences a drought and sees a decline in crop production. As a result, the farmers are unable to provide food distributors the amount of products they had promised. Which of the following economic situations does the scenario create? A. Competition B. Scarcity C. Opportunity cost D. Absolute advantage

B. Scarcity

Which of the following ancient civilizations used hieroglyphics as a way to communicate? A. Greece B. Rome C. Egypt D. China

C. Egypt

Which of the following describes the compromise over slavery that the delegates agreed upon during the Constitutional Convention? A. Delegates agreed on how enslaved people would be counted in the census. B. People in a territory could vote on whether slavery would be permitted. C. Once a territory became a state, slavery would not be permitted. D. The government agreed to use federal troops to capture people who had escaped slavery.

A. Delegates agreed on how enslaved people would be counted in the census. During the Constitutional Convention of 1787, the northern and southern states debated how slaves should be counted when determining a state's total population. A state's population determined the number of representatives per state. A compromise was reached where each slave would be counted as three-fifths of a person. This measure was called the Three-Fifths Compromise.

- Held the first Olympics - Polytheistic - Practiced direct democracy Which of the following ancient civilizations is described in the preceding list? A. Greece B. Egypt C. Rome D. China

A. Greece

A local clothing store offers customers fifty percent off the price of all inventory items. Which of the following economic terms best describes this example? A. Incentive B. Production C. Consumption D. Scarcity

A. Incentive This is an example of an incentive because the consumer is being motivated to shop at the store.

Which of the following countries received its independence from Great Britain in 1947? A. India B. Argentina C. The Philippines D. Peru

A. India India was a colony of Great Britain and received its independence in 1947.

Which of the following countries have territorial claims in Kashmir? A. India, Pakistan, and China B. Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Iran C. Iran, Iraq, and Russia D. Russia, China, and India

A. India, Pakistan, and China The countries of India, Pakistan, and China are in a triangular conflict in Kashmir because all three countries make territorial claims in Kashmir.

Which of the following is accurate about the geography of Peru? A. Its coastal region is comprised of desert. B. The majority of the country is made up of grasslands. C. The country has mostly rolling hills and very few mountains. D. It is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean and has few water features

A. Its coastal region is comprised of desert. The coast of Peru is comprised of close to 3,000 kilometers of desert.

Which of the following time zones is located between California and Texas? A. Mountain B. Central C. Eastern D. Pacific

A. Mountain California is located in the Pacific time zone and Texas is in the Central time zone. The Mountain time zone is located between the Pacific and Central time zones.

In which of the following regions is Islam the predominant religion? A. Northern Africa B. Western Europe C. Northern South America D. Eastern Asia

A. Northern Africa A large portion of the population in the northern region of Africa is Muslim.

The following excerpt is from Earl Warren, chief justice of the United States Supreme Court. "Segregation of white and colored children in public schools has a detrimental effect upon the colored children. The impact is greater when it has the sanction of the law.... Any language in contrary to this finding is rejected. We conclude that in the field of public education the doctrine of 'separate but equal' has no place. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal." Which of the following court cases did this ruling overturn? A. Plessy v. Ferguson B. Regents of the University of California v. Bakke C. Dred Scott v. Sandford D. Korematsu v. United States

A. Plessy v. Ferguson The Brown v. Board of Education ruling overturned the Plessy v. Ferguson ruling, declaring "separate but equal" to be unconstitutional.

In which of the following nations did the conflict between the Hutu and the Tutsi take place? A. Rwanda B. South Africa C. Ethiopia D. Uganda

A. Rwanda

Which of the following European nations was the first to colonize the southwestern United States? A. Spain B. Portugal C. France D. England

A. Spain Spain was the first European nation to explore and colonize the southwestern United States as early as the mid-1500s.

Which of the following events most contributed to the start of the American Revolution? A. The British taxing the colonists to pay for the French and Indian War B. The blockade of the American colonies by the British navy C. The drafting of the Constitution by the Continental Congress in Philadelphia D. The commissioning of George Washington as commander of the Continental Army

A. The British taxing the colonists to pay for the French and Indian War At the conclusion of the French and Indian War, the British imposed taxes to help pay debts from the war. As a result of these taxes, American colonists began resisting British rule.

Which of the following actions contained a controversial fugitive slave provision? A. The Compromise of 1850 B. The Missouri Compromise C. The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 D. The Three-Fifths Compromise

A. The Compromise of 1850. Part of the Compromise of 1850 was the provision that any runaway slave found in a non-slave state had to be sent back to the South.

Which of the following best explains how intensive agriculture, poor irrigation practices, and overgrazing have affected the environment? A. They have contributed to the desertification of areas. B. They have increased the potential for droughts to occur. C. They have prevented deforestation from occurring in tropical regions. D. They have caused carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere to decline.

A. They have contributed to the desertification of areas. Human activities that contribute to desertification include the expansion and intensive use of agricultural lands, poor irrigation practices, deforestation, and overgrazing. These practices place enormous pressure on the land by changing its soil chemistry and hydrology. Overexploited lands suffer from erosion, soil salinization, loss of productivity, and decreased resilience to climatic variations.

Which of the following statements best describes indentured servants during the American colonial period? A. They obtained their freedom once their contract was completed. B. They consisted primarily of young women and children. C. The majority served in wealthy homes in the northern colonies. D. They paid higher taxes to offset the cost of their trip to the Americas

A. They obtained their freedom once their contract was completed. Indentured servants in the American colonies typically served for seven years and received their freedom and a plot of land when their service was complete.

Which of the following countries is known as the breadbasket of Europe? A. Ukraine B. France C. Ireland D. Poland

A. Ukraine The rich, dark soil and the vast fields of wheat and other food products have earned Ukraine the nickname "breadbasket of Europe."

Following the Civil War, poll taxes were primarily used in the South to deny access to which of the following? A. Voting B. Public education C. Employment D. Military service

A. Voting

Which of the following helped many homesteaders to establish farms on the Great Plains during the 1800s? A. Windmills to pump water for irrigation B. Levees to control flooding C. Steel to construct cities to withstand earthquakes D. Cars to transport crops to markets

A. Windmills to pump water for irrigation

Which of the following best describes one result of the introduction of robotics into manufacturing centers? A. Workers will need to be retrained to perform different jobs. B. Additional assembly-line workers will be needed to work in automated factories. C. The price of goods created through automation will increase. D. Additional management personnel will be needed to make decisions about production levels

A. Workers will need to be retrained to perform different jobs.

The Battle of Antietam 1862

Antietam, the deadliest one-day battle in American military history, showed that the Union could stand against the Confederate army in the Eastern theater. It also gave President Abraham Lincoln the confidence to issue the preliminary Emancipation Proclamation at a moment of strength rather than desperation.

Which of the following demonstrates one way the government can promote competition? A. Implementing a tariff on foreign products B. Enacting and enforcing antitrust legislation C. Providing tax breaks for consumers D. Creating a national minimum wage

B. Enacting and enforcing antitrust legislation In order to promote competition, the government must ensure that one company does not have an unfair advantage over its competitors.

Which of the following rights did Thomas Jefferson believe John Adams had violated when he signed the Alien and Sedition Acts into law? A. The right to bear arms B. Freedom of the press C. The right to assemble peacefully D. Unreasonable searches and seizures

B. Freedom of the press Thomas Jefferson argued that the Alien and Sedition Acts violated the freedom of speech and press.

The Ring of Fire region is best known for which of the following characteristics? A. Slash-and-burn agriculture B. High levels of seismic activity C. Severe drought conditions D. High number of wildfires

B. High levels of seismic activity The Ring of Fire is a major area in the basin of the Pacific Ocean where a large number of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur.

Which of the following did Thomas Malthus theorize? A. An increase in population will stimulate society to increase food production. B. If left unchecked, a population will exhaust its available resources, resulting in naturally occurring checks on the population, such as famine, disease, and war. C. Overpopulation can lead to unsuitable farming practices that may degrade the land. D. Optimum population is achieved when the number of people working with available resources produces the highest economic return, resulting in the highest standard of living.

B. If left unchecked, a population will exhaust its available resources, resulting in naturally occurring checks on the population, such as famine, disease, and war. According to Malthus, if allowed to grow unchecked, a population would outstrip its available resources, resulting in what came to be known as Malthusian catastrophes: naturally occurring checks on population growth such as famine, disease, and war.

Which of the following regions is the vast, cold, dry region of eastern Russia? A. Beringia B. Siberia C. The Ural Mountains D. The Baltic coas

B. Siberia Siberia is the vast Russian province encompassing most of Northern Asia with extremely cold winters and low precipitation.

- Boston Tea Party - Boston Massacre - Intolerable Acts The actions listed contributed to which of the following events? A. The French and Indian War B. The American Revolution C. The Proclamation of 1763 D. The War of 1812

B. The American Revolution

Which of the following documents was the initial attempt by the American colonists to establish an independent government? A. The Bill of Rights B. The Articles of Confederation C. The Declaration of Independence D. The Constitution of the United States

B. The Articles of Confederation The Articles of Confederation were the first attempt by the colonists to create a government. They were ratified in 1781 and created a confederation of states and a weak central government. The states held the majority of the governmental power.

Which of the following reasons explains why Russia withdrew from the First World War? A. Archduke Ferdinand was assassinated. B. The Bolshevik Revolution started. C. Nicolas II was crowned czar. D. Warsaw was captured by Germany

B. The Bolshevik Revolution started.

Which of the following events had the greatest impact on the size of the United States? A. The Gadsden Purchase B. The Louisiana Purchase C. The Oregon Treaty D. The annexation of Texas

B. The Louisiana Purchase The Louisiana Purchase in 1803 for $15 million increased the size of the United States by adding 828,000 square miles.

Which of the following accurately compares two ancient civilizations? A. The Egyptians and Aztecs both practiced monotheistic religions. B. The Sumerian civilization used cuneiform, and the Egyptians used hieroglyphics. C. The Phoenicians traded mostly by land routes, and the Chinese traded mostly by sea routes. D. The Egyptian and Mesopotamian civilizations lacked reliable sources of water.

B. The Sumerian civilization used cuneiform, and the Egyptians used hieroglyphics.

Which of the following is a key component in determining the economic growth of a country? A. The landmass of the country B. The per capita national output C. The amount of natural resources D. The size of the country's population

B. The per capita national output Economic growth is directly related to percentage increase in GNP of a country.

Which of the following American Civil War battles immediately preceded the issuing of the Emancipation Proclamation? A. Battle of Gettysburg B. Battle of Bull Run C. Battle of Antietam D. Battle of Vicksburg

C. Battle of Antietam Lincoln was advised to wait for a decisive Union victory before issuing the Emancipation Proclamation, to show that the Union could enforce the proclamation. The Battle of Antietam ended with the Confederates being driven out of Maryland. Lincoln felt comfortable enough with this to issue the proclamation five days after the battle.

In which of the following types of economies does the government have the most control of the country's resources? A. Traditional B. Free market C. Command D. Mixed

C. Command

Which of the following forms of government consists of a union of several countries with some or most power shared between them? A. Dictatorship B. Republic C. Confederation D. Monarchy

C. Confederation A confederation consists of a union of several states or countries, united for a common purpose. Confederations occasionally have a central authority, but the majority of the power lies with the states or countries.

Which of the following rulers was most responsible for ending the persecution of Christians in Ancient Rome? A. Alexander the Great B. Julius Caesar C. Constantine D. Nero

C. Constantine was the first Roman emperor to convert to Christianity, and he also ended the persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire through the Edict of Milan in 313.

Which of the following are the main religions in Nepal? A. Sikhism and Buddhism B. Buddhism and Confucianism C. Hinduism and Buddhism D. Christianity and Judaism

C. Hinduism and Buddhism are the two main religions practiced in Nepal.

- Was founded by people who escaped religious persecution in England - Engaged in farming, fishing, and whaling - Was led by John Winthrop Which of the following American colonies does the information describe? A. Georgia B. Virginia C. Massachusetts D. Pennsylvania

C. Massachusetts Led by John Winthrop, the Massachusetts Bay Colony was founded by colonists who were escaping religious persecution in England and whose livelihoods in the new colony primarily consisted of farming, fishing, and whaling.

Which of the following individuals helped end the system of apartheid in South Africa? A. Mohandas Gandhi B. Mother Teresa C. Nelson Mandela D. The Dalai Lama

C. Nelson Mandela Nelson Mandela was the first Black president of South Africa. He was elected after the system of apartheid was abolished.

Which of the following is a shared power between state and federal governments? A. Making treaties with nations B. Appointing local judges C. Raising taxes D. Passing city ordinances

C. Raising taxes

Which of the following is a responsibility of the executive branch? A. Ratifying proposed amendments to the Constitution B. Declaring war on countries that threaten national security C. Signing proposed bills into law D. Declaring laws that infringe on personal freedoms unconstitutional

C. Signing proposed bills into law It is a responsibility of the president to sign bills into law.

Which of the following is the best example of how humans impact topography? A. Using technology to predict earthquakes B. Mapping a local river system C. Strip-mining an area for minerals D. Migrating from rural to urban areas

C. Strip-mining an area for minerals Strip-mining removes large sections of land from an area. It can remove the tops from mountains, altering their elevation and the way precipitation runoff sculpts the remainder of the landscape.

"The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude." Which of the following amendments to the Constitution contains the preceding text? A. Thirteenth B. Fourteenth C. Fifteenth D. Nineteenth

C. The Fifteenth Amendment granted the right to vote to all male citizens.

Which of the following statements is correct about the Battles of Lexington and Concord? A. The battles convinced the French to aid the Continental army. B. General Washington crossed the Potomac to engage in the battles. C. The battles marked the start of the war with Great Britain. D. General Cornwallis agreed to surrender after the battles

C. The battles marked the start of the war with Great Britain. Although the Americans had not yet declared independence, the Battles of Lexington and Concord are known as the first battles of the war.

Which of the following was a reaction by the American public to tensions created by the Cold War? A. A decline in entrepreneurship B. The mass migration of minorities to rural areas C. The construction of private bomb shelters D. A reduction in consumer spending

C. The construction of private bomb shelters During the 1950s and 1960s, people in the United States built private bomb shelters because of the fear of a nuclear attack during the Cold War.

Which of the following elements is contained in the United States Constitution but not in the Articles of Confederation? A. A process to propose and approve amendments B. The power for Congress to declare war C. The establishment of an executive branch D. A unicameral legislative structure

C. The establishment of an executive branch Under the Articles of Confederation, there was no executive branch. There was a president, but he had a primarily ceremonial role in Congress.

Which of the following regions has the greatest frequency of tornadoes? A. The Middle East B. The east coast of Australia C. The midwestern United States D. The Far East

C. The midwestern United States

Which of the following are the most common geological threats to Mexico? A. Hurricanes and tsunamis B. Tornadoes and blizzards C. Volcanoes and earthquakes D. Tsunamis and landslides

C. Volcanoes and earthquakes

Which of the following actions would be taken by the Federal Reserve? A. Printing money to introduce into circulation B. Restricting the buying and selling of stocks on Wall Street C. Creating a national budget to present to Congress D. Adjusting interest rates to prevent inflation

D. Adjusting interest rates to prevent inflation

Which of the following is correct based on the law of supply? A. A decrease in the demand for a product will result in an increase in supply. B. An increase in the demand for one product will lead to a fall in the demand for another. C. A decrease in the value of a currency will cause the value of another currency to decline. D. An increase in the price of a product will result in an increase in supply.

D. An increase in the price of a product will result in an increase in supply. Based on the law of supply, if the price of a product increases, then it is advantageous for the providers of that product to increase production.

Which of the following individuals is most known for his contributions to aviation? A. Henry Ford B. Andrew Carnegie C. Mark Twain D. Charles Lindbergh

D. Charles Lindbergh contributed to aviation by making the first solo nonstop flight across the Atlantic Ocean in 1927.

Which of the following has occurred as a result of China's rapid economic growth? A. China is no longer one of the world's largest miners of natural resources. B. China has become the world's largest exporter of agricultural products. C. China has become the world's largest importer of consumer goods. D. China has become one of the world's largest emitters of carbon dioxide

D. China has become one of the world's largest emitters of carbon dioxide

Which of the following best explains the significance of the Suez Canal? A. It is an important shipping gateway in Europe, linking the North Sea to the Black Sea. B. It connects the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, expediting trade among North America, South America, and Asia. C. It is an important shipping route, connecting the Pacific Ocean to the Gulf of Mexico. D. It connects the Mediterranean and Red Seas, expediting trade between Europe and Asia.

D. It connects the Mediterranean and Red Seas, expediting trade between Europe and Asia. The Suez Canal connects the Mediterranean and Red Seas, providing the shortest maritime route between Europe and the Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean.

Which of the following statements describes an advantage the South had over the North during the American Civil War? A. It had a larger population to provide troops for its army. B. It had greater access to railroads to move troops. C. It had more manufacturing centers to produce munitions. D. It had more experienced generals to lead the troops.

D. It had more experienced generals to lead the troops. The South had commanders that included Robert E. Lee and Stonewall Jackson. Its military leaders had more experience than the North's military leaders.

Which of the following statements describes a characteristic of Turkey's largest city? A. It has a very high altitude. B. It has a tropical climate. C. It is the country's largest manufacturing center. D. It is considered part of Europe and Asia.

D. It is considered part of Europe and Asia. Turkey is geographically and politically part of Europe and Asia. Part of Turkey lies in Europe and the remainder of the landmass, including Anatolia, lies in Asia. Istanbul is the only city in the world that is considered part of two continents.

Which of the following events took place as a result of the Indian Removal Act of 1830? A. Members of the Seminole tribe peacefully relocated to Florida. B. The United States Army relocated members of the Creek Nation to Georgia. C. The Sioux were the only remaining tribes in the southeastern United States. D. Members of the Cherokee Nation were forced to move to the western United States

D. Members of the Cherokee Nation were forced to move to the western United States. The Cherokee refused to leave their land, even suing for their rights. However, they were eventually forced to relocate in 1838 and 1839 in a migration that is known as the Trail of Tears.

Which of the following events of the American Revolution occurred last? A. The passage of the Intolerable Acts B. The dumping of tea into the Boston Harbor C. The signing of the Declaration of Independence D. The Battle of Yorktown

D. The Battle of Yorktown

Which of the following amendments to the United States Constitution gave women the right to vote? A. Thirteenth B. Fifteenth C. Seventeenth D. Nineteenth

D. The Nineteenth Amendment was ratified on August 18, 1920, giving women the right to vote in the United States.

Which of the following best explains why the expansion of the American colonies was limited under British rule? A. The Spanish held the territory west of the Appalachian Mountains. B. Bad weather and poor soil prevented crops from growing south of the colonies. C. Most of the American colonists were fishermen and lived along the eastern shoreline. D. The Proclamation of 1763 prevented the colonists from migrating west.

D. The Proclamation of 1763 prevented the colonists from migrating west. The Proclamation of 1763 forbade any settlement by English colonists west of the Appalachian Mountains. The British refused to provide protection to colonists settling in this area.

Mohandas Gandhi

He began his activism as an Indian immigrant in South Africa in the early 1900s, and in the years following World War I became the leading figure in India's struggle to gain independence from Great Britain. Known for his ascetic lifestyle-he often dressed only in a loincloth and shawl-and devout Hindu faith, Gandhi was imprisoned several times during his pursuit of non-cooperation, and undertook a number of hunger strikes to protest the oppression of India's poorest classes, among other injustices. After Partition in 1947, he continued to work toward peace between Hindus and Muslims. Gandhi was shot to death in Delhi in January 1948 by a Hindu fundamentalist.

Mother Teresa

Mother Teresa was a Roman Catholic nun and founder of the Order of the Missionaries of Charity, an organization that serves the poorest of the world's population. An ethnic Albanian, born in what is now Macedonia, she lived and worked in India for nearly seven decades and became a citizen of that country. Her dedication to helping the poorest and sickest communities in Kolkata (then Calcutta) earned Mother Teresa widespread fame and numerous honors, including the 1979 Nobel Peace Prize.

Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)

Officially titled "An Act to Organize the Territories of Nebraska and Kansas," this act repealed the Missouri Compromise, which had outlawed slavery above the 36º30' latitude in the Louisiana territories, and reopened the national struggle over slavery in the western territories.

Alien and Sedition Acts 1798

Passed in preparation for an anticipated war with France, the Alien and Sedition Acts tightened restrictions on foreign-born Americans and limited speech critical of the government. In 1798, the United States stood on the brink of war with France.

The Battle of Gettysburg 1863

The Battle of Gettysburg marked the turning point of the Civil War. With more than 50,000 estimated casualties, the three-day engagement was the bloodiest single battle of the conflict. Union Victory.

The Compromise of 1850

The Compromise of 1850 is composed of five statutes enacted in September of 1850. The acts called for the admission of California as a "free state," provided for a territorial government for Utah and New Mexico, established a boundary between Texas and the United States, called for the abolition of slave trade in Washington, DC, and amended the Fugitive Slave Act.

The Battle of Bull Run 1861

The First Battle of Bull Run, also known as the Battle of Manassas, marked the first major land battle of the American Civil War. On July 21, 1861, Union and Confederate armies clashed near Manassas Junction, Virginia.

Three-Fifths Compromise

The Three-Fifths Compromise was reached among state delegates during the 1787 Constitutional Convention. It determined that three out of every five slaves was counted when determining a state's total population for legislative representation and taxation.

The destruction of the USS Maine led to the start of which of the following events? A. Spanish-American War B. First World War C. Mexican-American War D. War of 1812

The sinking of the USS Maine in Havana, Cuba, in February 1898 prompted the United States to declare war on Spain, beginning the Spanish-American War.

The Missouri Compromise 1820

This legislation admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a non-slave state at the same time, so as not to upset the balance between slave and free states in the nation. It also outlawed slavery above the 36º 30' latitude line in the remainder of the Louisiana Territory.

The Battle of Vicksburg 1863

Vicksburg's strategic location on the Mississippi River made it a critical win for both the Union and the Confederacy. The Confederate surrender there ensured Union control of the Mississippi River and cleaved the South in two. Union Victory.