Social Studies Test

Stretches 40 miles inland of waters, rain falls regularly, rain elevation keeps temperature cooler, riverbeds cut through mountains and fill with water. Adaptations are: Farm due to fertile land, built terraces on mountains, established trade ports, and built wells and dams. Runs across the coast of the peninsula, separates inland from red sea, rain falls regularly.

Coastal Plains

Summer highes of 120 F, annual rainfall doesn't surpass 3-4 inches, droughts for years, swept by windstorms constantly, and sand dunes rise up to 850 ft. Adaptations are: Nomads move around a lot, set up tents when animals need to gaze/drink water, move after all vegetation is eaten, move around with camels, got most needs from animals(milk, yogurt, cheese, milk, wool) Very harsh, extreme weathers, covers ¾ of the peninsula

Desert

Animal herders because farming was impossible, trade milk, cheese, meat, skins with people living in settled areas for crops and manufactured goods, resources are so limited, they are obtained and defended through warfare - raid settled farmers, fellow nomadic tribes and caravans, trade around the Kaaba (Kaaba) in Mecca because it was safe place, nomadic lifestyle moving from place to place, Camels provide transportation and milk products

Economic

What continents surround the Arabian Peninsula? Why would trade be important to their empire? (Consider where they are in relation to China and Europe.)

Europe and Asia. Trade would be important to their empire because they are mostly surrounded by dessert and have a lot of needs to keep their empire strong.

What does Muhammad's quote "I against my brother, I and my brothers against my cousins, I and my brothers and my cousins against the world." mean

Harshness of the environment and importance of loyalty

What did Muhammad destroy after fighting the Meccans? Why?

He destroyed the idols at the Kaaba so he could redirect the shine to Allah.

What was Muhammad's surprise when he won the battle?

He did not get revenge on Mecca

What occurred in a cave in which led to Muhammad becoming a prophet?

He met Gabriel, who told him that he was now the messenger of god.

How did being an orphan impact his life?

He no longer had parents and lost his immediate clan. He did have extended family, like his uncle, that would be important to him, but he couldn't have the immediate necessity according to the Bedouin proverb. Muhammad had to learn to empathize with people.

Camels played an important role for the Bedouins. They served a good form of transportation, a good food source, and a good way of production for them.

Importance of camels to their lives

It was important because only a few people were able to read and write. Poetry was also a way of sharing stories.

Importance of poetry/ storytelling

Why are there no real images of the prophet Muhammad?

Islam teaches to worship God and not the Prophets - Muhammad is just a man, not like God - they tried to avoid idol worship.

What city was known as the City of the Prophet

Madinah

In which Arabian city did multiple trade routes converge

Mecca

Where was the Kaba located

Mecca

What was Muhammad's early job in his life?

Merchant

Which continent did Arabia not lie between?

Middle East

Why was ARABIA known as the middleman of trade?

Most trade routes crossed there

Which groups were a part of the people of the book?

Muslims, Jews, Christians

Provides shade and fresh water, good underground water source, very hot, lots of vegetation. Adaptations are: People settled there, merchants stopped to trade food, dug wells to get more water, and towns developed. A lot of fresh water available, provides plant life, vary in size, weather can reach extremes

Oases

What does the term Muslim mean?

One who surrenders to god

What did Oases provide?

Palm trees and water for refuge

Loyalty is to the family first, constant feuding, tribal leaders made decisions, men with best speaking skills are most beneficial, no person gets too much power, each tribe has a Shaykh

Political

What tribe controlled Mecca

Quraysh

What are three ways the Beoudin did to get the resources they needed to survive in the desert?

Raided other people and fought against them, used camel and swords, used camels to get them resources

Why did Muhammad go to live with the Bedouins when he was younger?

So he could learn the ways and the culture of the people who originated in the Arabian Peninsula. It was their lifestyle that made Mecca possible.

Basic unit of organization is the family, taught family and clan history through poetry (oral, no written language), Skills taught by elders (survival skills), Each clan had own gods & goddesses - usually for nature, Polytheistic - belief in many gods and goddesses, Worship idols - visit the Kaaba (holy place to keep idols), Value their camels, Value resources (especially wells), value personal honor & independence

Social

What is the kaaba? Where is it located? Why is this location important in Islam?

The Ka'ba is a house of worship built by Abraham. It was located in Makkah. This location was important in islam because the Ka'ba was the center of Islam and many people went their to pray and worship.

Where did Muhammad go to think and pray?

The Mountains

What was the dominant geographical feature of the Arabian Peninsula?

The dominant feature was the desert because it covered most of the Arabian Peninsula.

What was the Night Journey? Last Sermon?

The night journey is the story of when Muhammad took a winged horse to Jerusalem where he met prophets such as Abraham, Moses, and Jesus. The last sermon was when he wrote a speech where he reminded Muslims to treat each other well and to be faithful to the community.

How did faith bound their tribe together? How did Muhammad's followers contribute to this?

Their shared belief in Muhammad's teaching of praising ONLY ONE GOD - not blood (tribes) bound them together. They all prayed together as a community and that was a powerful weapon of theirs when entering the war.

How tribes related to one another - Why did rivalries sometimes exist?

They all have a leader(known as shaykh), they traded with each other, they had their own religions, and they fought battles for control of land and other things.

Why did Muhammad travel to Yathrib?Why did Muhammad travel to Yathrib?

They also did it to escape persecution. Yathrib needed a peacemaker to settle their disputes. Muhammad was a peacemaker. In exchange, Yathrib gave Muhammad a sage refuge(protection) from the people attacking from Mecca. It was also the ultimate test of devotion for them as they were leaving their hometown and family behind.

Explain their "democratic" nature

They feared one person gaining too much power and wanted it to be shared by many. They also believed elders had the most important say.

What was the reaction of the Meccan's after the first statement Muhammad preached

They feared that he would change their everyday life

Why did the people of Yathrib invite Muhammad to their tribe

They had deadly clan rivalries and desperately needed a peacemaker to settle their disputes.Muhammad had a reputation of being a good mediator of disputes - he was known as being trustworthy and was given the name Al-Almin (the trusted one).

Why was going to Yathrib the ultimate test for Muhammad's followers?

They had to leave their homes and their ancestors.

Why were animals important to the Bedouin culture

They produced food, transportation, and clothing

Explain their lifestyle in the Arabian Peninsula

They were nomadic, and mostly would move different places due to the amount of desert land. They lived in extreme weather conditions as the heat reached extreme highs.

What caused other Beoudin tribes to join the Muslim army?

They were winning battles and believed god was helping them.

What was essential to all Beoudin survival?

Trade

What was Muhammad's goal to bring new to this community?

Unity and Peace

What did Beoudin tribes fight over most in the Arabian Peninsula

Wells/Water

Makkah, Arabia

Where was Muhammad born?

What location was the first muslim community?

Yathrib

Who were the Bedouins (What does the term Bedouin mean)?

an ethnic group of nomadic Arabs who historically inhabited the desert regions of North Africa. It means the nomadic arab of the desert.

Did the Bedouins believe in democracy?

yes