Social Studies Test Monday

Georgia

Georgia Colony founded in 1733 by a charter granted to James Oglethorpe. The colony started with a settlement in Savanna created by Oglethorpe as a debtor's colony. The high ideals of Oglethorpe, such as bans on slavery and rum, slowed growth as large settlement did not occur until after slavery was brought to Georgia.

Massachusetts Bay Company

In 1628 to govern the Massachusetts Bay Colony on granted by the Council of New England in America. Puritan settlers who founded their settlement at Boston first colonized the land, starting a trend of religiously independent settlements. The Company was dissolved in 1684.

Using Winthrops own words explain why the Massachussets Bay Colony will be a "city upon a hill" and why he considers so?

It will be a city upon a hill because God is protecting them will unite to work together , and his confidence to lead the people.

Natural rights-

John Locke believed that all people have God-given rights given just becasue we are human beings, which can never be taken away.. These rights are: Life, Liberty, property. 1. Life- People should have the right to survive, be safe as possible from threats to their life. 2. Liberty: People should be as free as possible. People should be able to make their own decisions and live as they please. 3. Property: People should be able to own the things that are necessary to survive such as food, houses, tools or land. People should have freedom to work and gain economic benefits.

What was the Enlightment impact on our Founding Fathers?

John Locke influenced by the ideas of Enlightenment the Declaration of indepence, state constitutions, and the united states constitution and the founding fathers like Thomas Jefferson. He believed that people were born with certain rights. A government's power comes from the consent of the people. -Preamble begins: "We the people of the United States..." to establish legitimacy -creates representative government -limits the government's powers

IExplain how you think " We shall be a city upon a hill" has become identified with American Exceptionalism?

"A City upon a hill"means all eyes are on you. Therfore you are a role model at the same time at risk of threats. American exceptionalism is not typical but does more or better than what is expected and the people of the city wants to show they can manage their own.

Southern Colonies: Economy

$ cash crops such as tobacco and cotton as well as indigo, corn and rice

New England Colonies: Economy

($) fishing & shipbuilding

Due Process Clause

14th amendment clause stating that no state may deprive a person of life, liberty, or property without due process of law

James Oglethorpe

English soldier and founder of the colony of Georgia in 1733. Oglethorpe founded Georgia after a grant from King George II and settled with a small group on the Savanna River. Oglethorpe's ideals in creating a debtors colony free of vice were a distinction from other colonies.

Social Contract

Everyone promises to give up the absolute right to do anything she or he wants to do, in return receives the security that can be provided by government. Every person agrees to obey the limits placed upon him or her by the laws created by the government, and every one gains the security of knowing that their rights to life, liberty and property are protected.

Economic Activity of middle colonies

Farming grains, livestock, cash crops, mining, trading

State of nature

A condition in which no goverment or laws existed at all.

petition

A formal message requesting something that is submitted to an authority

New England - Government

Believed religion and government were tied together. Practiced a form of "Athenian" direct democracy through town meetings. Set up a "covenant community" with the Mayflower Compact.

law of rule

Both the people and the goverment must obey the law.

Magna Carta

Magna Carta english document from 1215 that limited the power of the king and the nobility provided basic rights for citizens; guaranteed due process and right to trial. This agreement was a major step in the growth of English consttutional goverment because it limited legally the power of a ruler and to have him respect and be bound by the law. The law limits the power of government. which is called the rule of law.

Southern Colonies

Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia. They are known for large cash crops on plantations by African American slaves. They are mainly settled for profit

New England Colonies

Massachusettes, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Connecticut. They are northern and defined by fishing, manufacturing, and trade since it is difficult to trade here.

Property:

People should be able to own the things that are necessary to survive such as food, houses, tools or land. People should have freedom to work and gain economic benefits.

Liberty:

People should be as free as possible. People should be able to make their own decisions and live as they please.

1. Life-

People should have the right to survive, be safe as possible from threats to their life.

Southern colonies Economic activity

Plantations: tobacco, rice, indigo; slavery, fewer crafts and industry

Maryland

Proprietary colony originally intended to be a refuge for English Catholics. Maryland was created in 1632 when Lord Baltimore (Cecilius Calvert) was given a land grant and created a manor based state with a headright system. However, Protestants formed a majority and the manors evolved into plantations.

New England - Religious Groups

Puritans (and Separatists)

New England - Other Important Information

Rhode Island was founded by Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson escaping persecution by Puritans in Massachusetts.

Anne Hutchinson

She is an Early New England religious leader who founded the doctrine of antinomianism, the belief that the Gospel frees Christians from required obedience to laws. She was banished to Rhode Island in 1637 for her belief in antinomianism and her insistence on salvation by faith and not works. -SHe believed in complete separation of church and state, established Rhode Island, bought land justly from the Indians.

Middle Colonies - Economy

Shipbuilding, small-scale farming, and trading. Big cities like New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore grew as seaports and commercial centers.

Major Economic Activities of New England

Small farms, merchants, craftsmen, boatbuilding, whaling, lumber, fish

The Southern Colonies Goverment:

These colonies were made up of Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina and Virginia. Maryland was the only Proprietary colony in the South. The rest of the Southern Colonies were under a Royal government. The most important government official in the colonies was the Colonial Governor. He was appointed by the king in the Royal Colonies and chosen by the proprietors in the Proprietary Colonies. The administration of government in the Southern Colonies was at county level.

Puritanism:

The belief of the puritans to purifie the Church of England

John Winthrop

The first governor and one of the founders of the Massachusetts Bay Colony and a member of the Massachusetts Bay Company. He played a key role in the puritan migration and intended to create a utopian society in America. He was elected governor twelve times and pursued a conservative religious and governmental policy.

Bill Of Rights

a statement of fundamental rights and privileges (especially the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution)

What is the purpose of goverment and where does it derive(get) its power from according to John Locke?

according to John locke Ithe purpose s to protect those natural rights(life, liberty, property)that the individual cannot effectively protect without government in a state of nature., because some people might not respect the rights of others.

What is the purpose of goverment and where does it derive(get) its power According to the Declaration of Independence?

idea is that the power and authority to rule is given to the government by the people that it governs. ( People must give their consent or approval to be governed. This is the only source of legitimate power for a government. The Declaration tells us that people have certain rights that have been given to them by God and that cannot be legitimately taken away from them. It tells us that, in order to protect those rights, we the people have to agree or consent.

The "separation of powers"

is considered one of the great works in the history of political theory and it inspired the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Constitution of the United States. Under his model, the political authority of the state is divided into legislative, executive and judicial powers.

The legislative branch

is responsible for enacting the laws of the state and appropriating the money necessary to operate the government.

The executive branch

is responsible for implementing and administering the public policy enacted and funded by the legislative branch.

The judicial branch

is responsible for interpreting the constitution and laws and applying their interpretations to controversies brought before it.

New England Colonies Geography

rocky soil, coastal ports towns on the Atantic Ocean

Middle Colonies Geography

rolling hills, fertile soil. Hudson River and Delaware River= trade

New England - Economy

shipbuilding fishing lumbering subsistence farming manufacturing (later)

petition of rights

the king could only raise taxes with the consent of parliament

consent

to approve of something or allow somethng to take place. If the people have not given their conent to create a goverment there is no legitimate government.

cash crop of Southern colonies?

tobacco and rice

main industry of new England colonies?

trade and shipbuilding

A Proprietary Colony

was owned by an individual or an elite group, called proprietors, who appointed the governors in the colony and established the laws.

A Royal Colony

was ruled directly by the King and was subject to his demands.

Middle Colonies - Economic Activity & Trade

were dependant of the environment in which the Colonists lived. The geography and climate impacted the trade and economic activities of Middle Colonies. The Middle Colonies exported agricultural products and natural resources. The Middle colonies are often called the breadbasket colonies because they grew so many crops, especially wheat. The Middle colonies built flour mills where wheat was ground into flour, then shipped to England. A typical farm was 50 to 150 acres consisting of a house, barn, yard and fields. The Middle Colonies were also able to manufacture iron ore products such as plows, tools, kettles, nails and large blocks of iron which they exported to England.

Religious freedom in Massachusetts Bay Colony

(New England Colony) It was founded in 1630 by Puritans for religious freedom. It was a religious reform movement that arose within the church of England in the late 16th century. Under siege from church and crown. English colonies in the New World- a migration that laid the foundation for the religious, intellectual and social order of New England.

Quaker

(christians) who belived all men are equal and should have a direct relationship with God. They were persecuted in England so William Penn starts Pennsylvania for them.

The traditional characterizations of the powers of the branches of American government are:

* The legislative branch is responsible for enacting the laws of the state and appropriating the money necessary to operate the government. * The executive branch is responsible for implementing and administering the public policy enacted and funded by the legislative branch. * The judicial branch is responsible for interpreting the constitution and laws and applying their interpretations to controversies brought before it. Forty state constitutions specify that government be divided into three branches: legislative, executive and judicial.

House of Burgesses (Virginia)

*Representative Government Established in Virginia in 1619, this became the first legislative assembly in what would become th United States . The first assembly met on July 30,6119, in the church at Jamestown. Present were Governor Yardley, counsel and 22 burgess represneting 11 plantations(or settlements) Burgesses were elected representatives. Only white men who owned a specific amount of property were eligible to vote for Burguess

John Locke

A well-known English Philosopher, He lived from 1632-1704. He published a book called Two Treaties of Government in 1689, where he explained his ideas od natural rights. He influenced many ideas of government. and documents like the Declaration of Independence.

Mayflower Compact

Agreement made by the Pilgrims in 1620 when they landed at Plymouth. The compact created the Plymouth colony and made a civil government under James I based on the will of the colonists. The Compact was important in the early organization and success of the colony.

Southern Colonies - Religion

Anglicans (Church of England) Example: Saint Luke's

City Upon a Hill Speech -John Winthrop

City Upon a Hill Name given to the Puritan society that was to be created in the New World. The leader of the Puritan migration, John Winthrop planned to create a society based on Puritanism that would have no class distinction and would stress the importance of community and church. The society was to be an example to all the world of what could be achieved. It was anticipated that once the world saw this great city it would follow it example.

Carolinas

Colonies created when Charles II rewarded eight of the noblemen who had helped him regain the throne from the Puritan rule in 1663 by giving them land. North Carolina originated as an extension of Virginia and South Carolina came from planters from Barbados, who founded Charleston in 1670.

cash crop

Crops that are farmed because of their value and trade.

Early American Government

Different sample

Roger Williams,

He is Rhode Island Early colonial clergyman who founded the religiously tolerant colony of Rhode Island in 1636. Williams was banished from Massachusetts for his belief in religious freedom, he established a colony at Providence in 1636 that tolerated all dissenters and was in good relations with the Natives. --he believed in complete separation of church and state, established Rhode Island, bought land justly from the Indians.

In the sermon in city upon a hill speech- John winthrop writes of both the consequences and benefits of following, or not following " The lord our God" How does he see this as affecting the colony?

John Winthdrop sees that the colony by Following God they will be united and strong. This is a solution to find peace and harmony when problems arise. If the colony moves away from God, havoc will happen and invaders can destroy them.

Southern Colonies: Geography

Lots of rivers, bays and wetlands as well as large areas of farming land

Middle Colonies

Middle Colonies The middle colonies were Pennsylvania, New York, and New Jersey, all of which produced iron, grain, flour, wood, and tobacco which were exported to Britain, Europe and the West Indies. Pennsylvania was built on the basis of being a religious haven for Quakers. New York was built upon the rule of James Duke of York who sent out John Lord Berkeley and Sir George Carteret to be the first two proprietors of New Jersey.

Middle Colonies

New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware. Called the bread basket colonies because they grew grains. More religiously tolerant and diverse.

John Pater Zenger, Freedom of the Press, and the role of the media

The 1734 case against journalist John Peter Zenger, in which he criticized the colonial governor of New York. The verdict in the John Peter Zenger trial, a landmark case about freedom of the press, was that Zenger had told the truth and was therefore not guilty of fostering an ill opinion of the government

Free Excercise Clause

The First Amendment guarantee that citizens may freely engage in the religious activities of their choice *You can practice your religion how you please

Establishment Clause

The First Amendment guarantee that the government will not create and support an official state church That congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion. That people may express their own religious beliefs. That congress may not favor inits laws one religion or denomination over another. *Goverment can't make a law saying there is an offical religion of the country.

Baron de Montesquieu and the seperation of powers

The French Philospher believed that the British political system was sucessful because the power to govern or right to rule was divided among 3 branches 1. Legislaive, 2. Executive, 3. judicial power.Among the monarch and the two houses of parliament. THe division helped balance political power among the braches, so that no one branch had too much power. He asserted that, to most effectively promote liberty, these three powers must be separate and acting independently. Separation of powers, therefore, refers to the division of government responsibilities into distinct branches to limit any one branch from exercising the core functions of another. The intent is to prevent the concentration of power and provide for checks and balances.

Jamestown

The first successful settlement in the Virginia colony founded in May, 1607. bad conditions nearly destroyed the colony but in 1610 supplies arrived with a new wave of settlers. The settlement became part of the Virginia Company of London in 1620. The population remained low due to lack of supplies until agriculture was solidly established. Jamestown grew to be a prosperous shipping port when John Rolfe introduced tobacco as a major export and cash crop.

English bill of rights

The law certain rights to parliament that further limited the powes of the monarch. -It no longer allowed the monarchy to collect taxes without the consent of parliament. interfere with the right to free speech and debate in parliament. -prevent protesetants from having arms for their defense. -require excessive bail or administer cruel punishment for those accused of crimes -declare that laws made by parliament should not be obeyed.

Middle Colonies Religion

They were not dominated by a single religion which gave way to more liberal attitudes and some religious freedom. There were Quakers, Catholics, Lutherans, Jews and others in the Middle regions and colonies. .

Middle Colonies - Government

Used many different democratic principles that reflected the basic rights of Englishmen. -Was the most democratic colonial region. All of the systems of government in the Middle Colonies elected their own legislature, they were all democratic, they all had a governor, governor's court, and a court system. Government in the Middle Colonies was mainly Proprietary, but New York started as a Royal Colony. Definitions of both of the government systems are as follows: Royal Government: The Royal Colonies were ruled directly by the English monarchy Propriety Government: The King granted land to people in North America, who then formed Proprietary Colonies

purpose of Virginia

Virginia was founded primarily for the purpose of profit by the joint-stock owned Virginia Company of London. It was also important in giving England territorial claims in America to match Spanish and French expansion, and to also give England markets and resources in the New World.

Evidence of our Consitutional Freedoms in differnt goverment in the 13 colonies.

colonists looked to England as a model for literature, government and economy; The Magna Carta and English Bill of Rights were the basis of colonial government and law; 1700s: colonies started forming ideas about government and economy

Cash Crops of middle colonies?

corn and wheat

Crops in the middle colonies

crops in the middle colonies The middle colonies rich level lands produced lengthy growing seasons and gave good bumper crops. The middle colonies were major exporting colonies because of their accessible sea ports. Their exports were rice, iron, grain, flour, wood, and tobacco which were shipped to Europe and the West Indies.