Sociology 1101 Final Study Guide

Which subordinate group is often referred to as the "model minority?" A) African Americans B) Asian Americans C) White ethnic Americans

B) Asian Americans

What is the one defining feature of a minority group? a. Self-definition b. Numerical minority c. Lack of power d. Strong cultural identity

C. lack of power

The term "African American" can refer to A) A black person living in the United States B) People whose ancestors came to the United States through slave trade C) A white person who originated in Africa and now lives in the United States D) All of the above

D) All of the above

Ethnicity describes shared: a. beliefs b. language c. religion d. any of the above

D.Any of the above

4. Which perspective most emphasizes the ways in which religion helps keep the social system running smoothly? a. Functional perspective b. Symbolic interactionist perspective c. Conflict perspective d. Feminist perspective

a. Functional perspective

. Which theoretical perspective stresses the importance of regulating sexual behavior to ensure marital cohesion and family stability? a. Functionalism b. Conflict theory c. Symbolic interactionalism d. Queer theory

a. Functionalism

Which of the following do the functionalist and conflict perspectives share? a. Position that religion relates to social control, enforcing social norms b. Emphasis on religion as providing social support c. Belief that religion helps explain the mysteries of life d. None of the above

a. Position that religion relates to social control, enforcing social norms

The majority of U.S. children live in: a. two-parent households b. one-parent households c. no-parent households d. multigenerational households

a. two-parent households

According to national surveys, most U.S. parents support which type of sex education program in school? a. Abstinence only b. Abstinence plus sexual safety c. Sexual safety without promoting abstinence d. No sex education

b. Abstinence plus sexual safety

7. What is discrimination? a. Biased thoughts against an individual or group b. Biased actions against an individual or group c. Belief that a race different from yours is inferior d. Another word for stereotyping

b. Biased actions against an individual or group

8. To which theoretical perspective does the following statement most likely apply: Women continue to assume the responsibility in the household along with a paid occupation because it keeps the household running smoothly, i.e., at a state of balance? a. Conflict theory b. Functionalism c. Feminist theory d. Symbolic interactionism

b. Functionalism

. Which type of child abuse is most prevalent in the United States? a. Physical abuse b. Neglect c. Shaken-baby syndrome d. Verbal mistreatment

b. Neglect

What Western country is thought to be the most liberal in its attitudes toward sex? a. United States b. Sweden c. Mexico d. Ireland

b. Sweden

7. The Protestant work ethic was viewed in terms of its relationship to: a. evolution and natural selection b. capitalism c. determinism d. prejudice and discrimination

b. capitalism

Research indicates that individuals are aware of their sexual orientation _______. a. at infancy b. in early adolescence c. in early adulthood d. in late adulthood

b. in early adolescence

. Speedy Gonzalez is an example of: a. intersection theory b. stereotyping c. interaction view d. culture of prejudice

b. stereotyping

5. Which socialist perspective most emphasizes the ways in which religion helps to maintain social inequalities within a society? a. Functional b. Symbolic interactionist c. Conflict theory d. Feminist perspective

c. Conflict theory

Which intergroup relation displays the least tolerance? a. Segregation b. Assimilation c. Genocide d. Expulsion

c. Genocide

8. Many Arab Americans face _______________, especially after 9/11. a. racism b. segregation c. Islamophobia d. prejudice

c. Islamophobia

Which of the following is the best explanation of racism as a social fact? a. It needs to be eradicated by laws. b. It is like a magic pill. c. It does not need the actions of individuals to continue. d. None of the above

c. It does not need the actions of individuals to continue.

Which of the following is true of intimate partner violence (IPV)? a. IPV victims are more frequently men than women. b. One in ten women is a victim of IPV. c. Nearly half of instances of IPV involve drugs or alcohol. d. Rape is the most common form of IPV

c. Nearly half of instances of IPV involve drugs or alcohol.

Which of the following is the best example of a gender stereotype? a. Women are typically shorter than men. b. Men do not live as long as women. c. Women tend to be overly emotional, while men tend to be levelheaded. d. Men hold more high-earning, leadership jobs than women.

c. Women tend to be overly emotional, while men tend to be levelheaded.

. Research suggests that people generally feel that their current family is _______ than the family they grew up with. a. less close b. more close c. at least as close d. none of the above

c. at least as close

Which of the following is an example of a numerical majority being treated as a subordinate group? a. Jewish people in Germany b. Creoles in New Orleans c. White people in Brazil d. Blacks under apartheid in South Africa

d. Blacks under apartheid in South Africa

What makes Native Americans unique as a subordinate group in the United States? a. They are the only group that experienced expulsion. b. They are the only group that was segregated. c. They are the only group that was enslaved. d. They are the only group that did not come here as immigrants.

d. They are the only group that did not come here as immigrants.

9. Why did most white ethnic Americans come to the United States? a. For a better life b. To escape oppression c. Because they were forced out of their own countries d. a and b only

d. a and b only

According to the symbolic interactionist perspective, we "do gender": a. during half of our activities b. only when they apply to our biological sex c. only if we are actively following gender roles d. all of the time, in everything we do

d. all of the time, in everything we do

A child who associates his line of descent with his father's side only is part of a _____ society. a. matrilocal b. bilateral c. matrilineal d. patrilineal

patrilineal

Cedric's uncle believes that racism and discrimination have made a positive impact on society - but only in the lives of those who are members of the dominant group. Which sociological perspective is Cedric's uncle coming from? A) Functionalism B) Conflict theory C) Feminism D) Symbolic interactionism

A) Functionalism

Why did white ethnic Americans come to the United States? A) Only for a better life and to escape oppression B) To escape oppression C) Because they were forced out of their own countries

A) Only for a better life and to escape oppression

Which of the following is an example of racial steering? A) Real estate agents directing white clients to look for housing in certain neighborhoods, and non-white clients to others. B) The Trail of Tears, when the United States government forced Native Americans to permanently leave their home and territory. C) Kiki being told she will be at math because she is a girl.

A) Real estate agents directing white clients to look for housing in certain neighborhoods, and non-white clients to others.

Which federal act or program was designed to allow more Hispanic American immigration, not block it? A) The Bracero Program B) SB 1070 C) Operation Wetback

A) The Bracero Program

Adolf Hitler blaming Germany's pre-war problems on the Jewish population is n example of A) The scapegoat theory B) The social construction of race C) Pluralism

A) The scapegoat theory

Same-sex couple households account for _____ percent of U.S. households. a. 1 b. 10 c. 15 d. 30

A. 1

. Amalgamation is represented by the _____________ metaphor. a. melting pot b. Statue of Liberty c. salad bowl d. separate but equal

A. Melting pot

Which of the following is an example of a numerical majority being treated as a subordinate group? A)White people in Brazil. B) Blacks under apartheid in South Africa. C) Jewish people in Germany.

B) Blacks under apartheid in South Africa.

Angela believes that race relations in America are poor because the white ruling class has enacted various laws and regulations to keep other racial groups from achieving equality. With which sociological perspective does Angela's view best align? A) Functionalism B) Conflict theory C) Feminism D) Symbolic Interaction

B) Conflict theory

Scapegoat theory shows that A) Subordinate groups blame dominant groups for their problems B) Dominant groups blame subordinate groups for their problems

B) Dominant groups blame subordinate groups for their problems

When Alexander, who is white drives his car over the speed limit, a police officer lets him off with a warning. When Christopher, who is Hispanic, drives at the same speed as Alexander on the same road, the officer gives him a ticket, even though his record is clean. This is an example of A) Affirmative action B) White privilege C) Intersection theory D) The social construction of race

B) White privilege

Which subordinate group is often referred to as the "model minority?" a. African Americans b. Asian Americans c. White ethnic Americans d. Native Americans

B. Asian Americans

. Scapegoat theory shows that: a. subordinate groups blame dominant groups for their problems b. dominant groups blame subordinate groups for their problems c. some people are predisposed to prejudice d. all of the above

B. dominant groups blame subordinate groups for their problems

Only women are affected by gender stratification. a. True b. False

B. false

The terms "masculine" and "feminine" refer to a person's _________. a. sex b. gender c. both sex and gender d. none of the above

B. gender

What intergroup relationship is represented by the "salad bowl" metaphor? a. Assimilation b. Pluralism c. Amalgamation d. Segregation

B. pluralism

1967's Supreme Court case Loving V. Virginia, a case which legally allowed interracial marriage, is an example of A) Racism B) Stereotyping C) Amalgamation D) Assimilation

C) Amalgamation

Which of the following is NOT an example of stereotype? A) Cynthia believing her friend best friend to be good at math because she is Asian. B) Maria assuming her son-in-law is a heavy drinker because he is Irish. C) Isaiah cooking his girlfriend a meat-free dinner because she is vegetarian.

C) Isaiah cooking his girlfriend a meat-free dinner because she is vegetarian

Most Arab Americans face ________ especially after 9/11. A) Racism B) Segregation C) Islamophobia

C) Islamophobia

What is discrimination? A) Biased thoughts against an individual group B) Biased actions against an individual or group. C) Another word for stereotyping.

C) It does not need the actions of individuals to continue.

Which of the following is the best explanation of racism as a social fact? A) It needs to be eradicated by laws. B) It is like a magic pill. C) It does not need the actions of individuals to continue.

C) It does not need the actions of individuals to continue.

According to the social of construction race school of thought, race is A) Based only on geographic regions B) No longer in existence C) Not biologically identifiable.

C) Not biologically identifiable

Speedy Gonzalez is a popular cartoon character, but widely considered an inappropriate stereotype. Many children are raised watching Speedy Gonzalez cartoons, unaware that such stereotypes are negative. This is a product of A) Genocide B) Intersection Theory C) The culture of prejudice D) The scapegoat theory

C) The culture of prejudice

Ethnicity describes shared A) Beliefs B) Language C) Religion D) Any of the above

D) Any of the above

Max believes that most people's racial beliefs are based on images conveyed in popular media since many people never meet members of certain races for themselves. Max's perspective is: a) Functionalist. B) Conflict theorist C) Feminist D) Symbolic interactionist

D) Symbolic interactiontst

What doctrine justified legal segregation in the South? a. Jim Crow b. Plessey v. Ferguson c. De jure d. Separate but equal

D. Separate but equal

Stereotypes can be based on: a. race b. ethnicity c. gender d. all of the above

D. all of the above

The racial term "African American" can refer to: a. a black person living in the United States b. people whose ancestors came to the United States through the slave trade c. a white person who originated in Africa and now lives in the United States d. any of the above

D. any of the above

Some controversial groups that may be mislabeled as cults include: a. Scientology and the Hare Krishna b. the Peoples Temple and Heaven's Gate c. the Branch Davidians and the Manson Family d. Quakers and Pentecostals

a. Scientology and the Hare Krishna

7. Which federal act or program was designed to allow more Hispanic American immigration, not block it? a. The Bracero Program b. Immigration Reform and Control Act c. Operation Wetback d. SB 107

a. The Bracero Program

The term _______ refers to society's concept of how men and women are expected to act and how they should behave. a. gender role b. gender bias c. sexual orientation d. sexual attitudes

a. gender role

. Sociologists tend to define family in terms of a. how a given society sanctions the relationships of people who are connected through blood, marriage, or adoption b. the connection of bloodlines c. the status roles that exist in a family structure d. how closely members adhere to social norms

a. how a given society sanctions the relationships of people who are connected through blood, marriage, or

Children of divorced parents are _______ to divorce in their own marriage than children of parents who stayed married. a. more likely b. less likely c. equally likely

a. more likely

Which of the following is a criticism of the family life cycle model? a. It is too broad and accounts for too many aspects of family. b. It is too narrowly focused on a sequence of stages. c. It does not serve a practical purpose for studying family behavior. d. It is not based on comprehensive research.

b. It is too narrowly focused on a sequence of stages.

. Which of the main theoretical perspectives would approach religion from the micro-level, studying how religion impacts an individual's sense of support and well-being? a. Functionalism b. Symbolic interactionism c. Conflict theory d. Feminism

b. Symbolic interactionism

According to the study cited by the U.S. Census Bureau, children who live with married parents grow up with more advantages than children who live with: a. a divorced parent b. a single parent c. a grandparent d. all of the above

b. a single parent

2. A cultural universal is something that: a. addresses all aspects of a group's behavior b. is found in all cultures c. is based on social norms d. may or may not be of value in meeting social needs

b. is found in all cultures

. A sect: a. has generally grown so large that it needs new buildings and multiple leaders b. often believes it must split from the larger group to return to important fundamentals c. is another term for a cult d. All of the above

b. often believes it must split from the larger group to return to important fundamentals

A person who is biologically female but identifies with the male gender and has undergone surgery to alter her body is considered _______. a. transgender b. transsexual c. a cross-dresser d. homosexual

b. transsexual

2. In what part of the world have Confucianism and Taoism been primarily practiced? a. India b. Europe c. China d. The Middle East

c. China

The main difference between an ecclesia and a denomination is: a. the number of followers or believers is much larger for denominations b. the geographical location varies for ecclesia versus denominations c. ecclesia are state-sponsored and considered an official religion d. there are no important differences; the terms are interchangeable

c. ecclesia are state-sponsored and considered an official religion

In general, children in ______ households benefit from divorce. a. stepfamily b. multigenerational c. high-conflict d. low-conflict

c. high-conflict

The median age of first marriage has ______ in the last fifty years. a. increased for men but not women b. decreased for men but not women c. increased for both men and women d. decreased for both men and women

c. increased for both men and women

Social scientists refer to the use of a church to combat social injustice in the political realm as: a. the protestant work ethic b. conflict management c. liberation theology d. justice work

c. liberation theology

3. A woman being married to two men would be an example of: a. monogamy b. polygyny c. polyandry d. cohabitation

c. polyandry

. Many stories in the sacred text of Judaism are: a. referred to as the Apocrypha b. oral traditions only because Judaism has no sacred text c. shared by Christianity and Islam d. no longer part of the Torah

c. shared by Christianity and Islam

Couples who cohabitate before marriage are ______ couples who did not cohabitate before marriage to be married at least ten years. a. far more likely than b. far less likely than c. slightly less likely than d. equally as likely as

c. slightly less likely than

Current divorce rates are: a. at an all-time high b. at an all-time low c. steadily increasing d. steadily declining

c. steadily increasing

As a Caucasian in the United States, being reasonably sure that you will be dealing with authority figures of the same race as you is a result of: a. intersection theory b. conflict theory c. white privilege d. scapegoating theory

c. white privilege

. Compared to most Western societies, U.S. sexual attitudes are considered _______. a. conservative b. liberal c. permissive d. free

conservative

. In what ways does religion serve the role of a social institution? a. Religions have a complex and integrated set of norms. b. Religious practices and beliefs are related to societal values. c. Religions often meet several basic needs. d. All of the above

d. All of the above

4. What do Christianity and Islam have in common? a. Both believe in a single supreme god. b. Both share many of the same stories in their central religious texts. c. Both believe in an afterlife. d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Which of following is correct regarding the explanation for transgenderism? a. It is strictly biological and associated with chemical imbalances in the brain. b. It is a behavior that is learned through socializing with other transgender individuals. c. It is genetic and usually skips one generation. d. Currently, there is no definitive explanation for transgenderism.

d. Currently, there is no definitive explanation for transgenderism.

What are some denominations of the Christian Protestant church? a. Catholic and Jewish b. Jehovah's Witnesses and Presbyterians c. Scientology and Hare Krishna d. Methodist and Seventh-day Adventist

d. Methodist and Seventh-day Adventist

3. Sociologists associate sexuality with _______. a. heterosexuality b. homosexuality c. biological factors d. a person's capacity for sexual feelings

d. a person's capacity for sexual feelings

Megachurches tend to have: a. a variety of male and female clergy b. numerous buildings in which to meet c. high attendance for only a limited time d. large arenas where services are held

d. large arenas where services are held