Sociology 170
What is morbidity?
Poor health, including the processes of disease onset, loss of function, and frailty
Which of the following is not an official use of census data? Allocation of resources back to geographic areas Representation to decision-making bodies Determination of tax rates
Determination of tax rates
Which of the following causes did NOT contribute to the rising mid-life mortality documented by Case and Deaton? Suicide Drug overdoses Diabetes Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis
Diabetes
What is excess mortality?
The number of deaths from all causes during a crisis above and beyond what we would have expected to see under 'normal' conditions
Why is age 75 the "new 65" in the United States?
Today's 75 year olds have the same mortality rates as 65 year olds in 1952
True or False: Excess mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic includes both deaths attributable to COVID-19 and deaths from other causes
True
True or False: Recent increases in life expectancy have depended on increased survival among the older adult population
True
What is the most likely explanation for why the US fertility rate declined over the past decade? changing attitudes about children availability of contraception economic conditions
economic conditions
What issue is the largest environmental challenge identified by Hans Rosling in "The magic washing machine"? Economic growth Population growth Drought
economic growth
According to Preston and Vierboom, what percentage of all U.S. deaths would be prevented if the U.S. had the same mortality rates as Europe?
12%
What is the demographic explanation for why mobility rates in the United States are lower today than they were in the 1960s?
A larger share of Americans are in older age groups that are less likely to move
What is the demographic transition?
A sequence of population change: mortality declines first, followed by fertility decline.
Which term of the below population balance equation represents natural increase/decrease
B-D
How do demographers validate an individual's lifespan?
By tracing administrative records, like birth certificates and census records, over an individual's lifespan
Which of the following is among the most frequently given reasons by women in lower income countries for why they do not use contraception?
Concerns about side effects
What are health reversals?
Factors that prevent mortality levels from decreasing or lead to increased mortality at the population level
True of False: The completeness of death reporting is lowest in South America
False
True or False: Thomas Malthus believed that poverty was the greatest threat to the environment
False Malthus believed that exponential growth in population size was the greatest environmental and social threat.
According to conventional demographic transition theory and early "demand theories" of fertility, what role do family planning programs play in contraceptive use?
Family planning programs have no impact on contraceptive use; socio-economic development creates demand for lower fertility and drives contraceptive use
In the "Magic Washing Machine" video, what is the air line?
The category of resource consumption defined by the ability to afford air travel
What was the primary concern about adding a citizenship question to the 2020 US. census?
There were concerns that immigrant families- with and without documentation- would avoid the Census or respond accurately
Which of the following is NOT an example of a health reversal identified by Horiuchi? Social alienation Unmet need for family planning Re-emergence of infectious diseases Unhealthy lifestyles in wealthy societies
Unmet need for family planning
What is undercount?
When certain sub-populations are more likely to be left out of the census count than other groups
Which of the following is not a reason for low fertility mentioned by Gietel-Basten? devaluation of children unaffordable housing difficulty finding decent, secure employment difficulty combining work and family roles
devaluation of children
Which statements best describes the "Ready" component of Ansley Coale's three prerequisites for fertility decline?
fertility choice must be in the calculus of conscious thought
Population level fertility data typically comes from what data source in low-income countries that do not have vital statistics infrastructure?
fertility surveys
Which of the following is not a potential consequence of sustained low fertility in the United States? shrinking population population with more old than young people imbalanced population sex ratios
imbalanced population sex ratios
What distinguishes the age structure of west virginia?
natural decrease
What dimension of welfare state benefits did Beckfield and Bambra find to have the strongest association with life expectancy?
public pension programs
What is climate adaptation?
reducing vulnerability to the adverse effects of climate change
Which of the following refers to how old someone feels?
subjective age
Unmet need for contraception occurs when...
the demand for contraception is higher than the use of contraception
What are Horiuchi's five health reversals?
the early industrial revolution, unhealthy lifestyles in wealthy societies, the emergence and re-emergence of infectious diseases, pollution, and social alienation
What is the US mortality disadvantage?
the growing gap in life expectancy between the US and other rich democracies
What is population momentum?
the number of births may continue to increase- even if fertility levels are lower- if the number of reproductive-aged adults continues to grow
What is the "baby boom echo" (or the "echo boomers")?
the population of children born to the "baby boom" cohort
The width of a population pyramid represents....
the size of the population of a given age