sociology 3
Which founder of sociology believed societies changed due to class struggle?
Karl Marx
Amount of physical, mental, and social effort used to produce goods and services in an economy
Labor
Demographic structure change is a consequence of
Migration
Movement of people from one geographic area to another for the purposes of resettling
Migration
Type or research when we use both quantitative and qualitative methods
Mixed (triangulation)
A behavior that violates official law and is punishable through formal sanctions
crime
Violation of norms that does not result in any long-term effects on the individual's self-image or interactions with others
define primary deviance
A system of marriage that allows women to have multiple husbands
polyandry
The regulation and enforcement of norms
social control
Unequal distribution of wealth, power, and prestige results
social inequality
Microsociology
studies small groups
Macrosociology
studies society as a whole
Seasonal migration is
the movement of people from one place or another on a seasonal basis.
Societies practice social control to maintain
the stability of society(social order)
Law of 3 stages by A. Comte
the theological stage - fictitious ,the metaphysical stage - abstract,the positive stage - scientific
A movement up or down the social ladder, and thus is often called upward or downward mobility
vertical social mobility
Explanation for a phenomenon based on a conjecture about the relationship between the phenomenon and one or more causal factors
A hypothesis
Trial run in which just a few people complete a questionnaire
A pilot study
The property of the sample to reflect the characteristics of the general population is called
A sample
Who introduced the term "sociology" directly into scientific circulation
A.Comte
The founder of positivism in sociology is
Auguste Comte
Who gave law of three stages in sociology?
Auguste Comte
Two main authors on sociological perspectives of labor
By Karl Marx & MaxWeber
A form of social stratification in which status is determined by one's family history and background and cannot be changed
Caste
Who created the looking-glass self theory?
Charles Cooley
Type of questions that give a respondent a fix number of choices
Closed or close-ended question(Standardized)
Living together as a romantically involved, unmarried couple
Cohabiting
The theory which focuses on how socialization reinforces unequal power arrangements
Conflict theory(social inequality)
A research method that refers to the systematic examination of documents of any sort
Content analysis
Research method which can be quite inexpensive comparing with other methods
Content analysis
Unskilled labor
Does not require training
The author of the book "Suicide"
E. Durkheim
Author of the work "The division of labour"
E.Durkheim
Marrying someone of similar race or ethnicity, class, education, religion, region, or nationality
Endogamy
Marrying someone from a different social group
Exogamy
The group in an experiment that experiences the independent variable
Experimental Group The best—and perhaps only—way to study highly stigmatized behaviors such as injecting illegal drug
A research method in which the researcher manipulates the independent variable to test theories of cause and effect
Experiments
Which of the following is typically the earliest agent of socialization?
Family
Group interview also can be called
Focus group
The theory which addresses the question of social organization (structure) and how it is maintained (function)
Functionalism
A statement about relationships that we expect to find if our theory is correct
Hypotheses
C. Wright Mills once said that sociologists need to develop a sociological __________ to study how society affects individuals
Imagination
Type of questions that leave respondents with a space in which to write their answers
Open-ended
The process of deciding exactly how to measure a given variable is called
Operationalizing
A research method in which researchers participate in their subjects' daily life, observe daily life, or interview people in depth about their lives
Participant observation
Which research technique would most likely be used by a symbolic interactionist?
Participant observation
A system of marriage that allows men to have multiple wives
Polygamy
Migration by better educational and health opportunities causes
Pull factors
Causes of migration
Push Factors, Pull Factors
Migration by overcrowding, lack of sanitation and resource crunch causes
Push factors
Migration by social, political or religious oppression causes
Push factors
Methods attempt to gather detailed, rich data allowing for an in-depth understanding of individual action in the context of social life
Qualitative methods
Methods try to measure social phenomena and use mathematical models and, often, statistical analysis to explain them
Quantitative methods
A sample is chosen so that every member of the population has the same probability of being included
Random sampling
Author of structural strain theory
Robert Merton
The most extreme system of social stratification, relegates people to the status of property, mainly for the purpose of providing labor for the slave owner
Slavery
Recruitment technique in which research participants are asked to assist researchers in identifying other potential subjects
Snowball sampling
A system of stratification practiced primarily in capitalist societies, ranks groups of people according to their wealth, property, power, and prestige. It is also referred to by sociologists as socioeconomic status
Social Class
Which theory addresses the points of stress and conflict in society and the ways in which they contribute to social change
Social conflict theory
A.Comte considered sociology as
Social physics(positivism?)
Process of learning the roles, statuses, and values necessary for participation in social institutions
Socialization
"Which of these theories is most likely to look at the social world on a micro level?
Symbolic Interactionist Theory
Which theory addresses the subjective meanings of human acts and the processes through which people come to develop and communicate shared meanings
Symbolic interactionism theory
All people who could potentially be studied as part of the research
The General Population
A set of vacancies opened in a certain period at state enterprises
The labor market
The actual population selected for the research
The research sample(the respondents)
Which of the following best describes sociology as a subject?
The study of society and social interaction
An interrelated set of assumptions that explains observed patterns
Theory
Formal social control is
Through formal controls, the state or other authorities discourage nonconformity.
Informal social control is
Through informal controls, our friends and intimates reward us for conformity and punish us for nonconformity.
Structural-functional theory
assumes that socialization benefits everyone
The process of socialization begins at the age
from the time a child is born, throughout life until death.
The three major sociological paradigms that offer explanations for the motivation behind deviance and crime
functionalism, symbolic interactionism, and conflict theory
Internal migration is
human migration within a country
A student has a habit of talking on their cell phone during class. One day, the professor stops the lecture and asks the student to respect others in the class by turning off the phone. In this situation, the professor used __________ to maintain social control
informal negative sanctions
An angry comment is an example of ... sanction
informal, negative
A mobility, which is fairly common, refers to the changing of jobs within a class: a therapist who shifts careers so that he can teach college
lateral mobility (glossary)
The author of the book "The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism"
М.Weber
The group in an experiment that does not receive the independent variable
Сontrol group