Sociology Chapter 14

Although Mitt Romney lost the Presidential election to President Obama in 2012, he found strong support from which region of the country?

(NOT Midwest, NOT West)

According to your text, what is important to remember about television news shows?

(NOT They contain some of the most vigorously edited and vetted reporting in the media.)

According to sociologists, all of the following are reasons for militarism except:

(NOT patriarchy and the relationship between militarism and masculinity.)

The only thing the U.S. government spends more money on than defense is ___________.

(NOT welfare programs, NOT social security)

Today, the federal bureaucracy employs __________ people in civilian positions.

2.03 million

For every law passed by Congress, government bureaucracies announce an estimated __________ rules or regulations.

20

In 2013, women made up approximately __________ of the total uniformed military force.

20%

Over the past 50 years, less than half of the voting-age population has voted in nonpresidential elections. Even in presidential elections, voter turnout is often relatively low. In the 2014 midterm election, percent of the 219 million eligible voters cast ballots.

36

is a political system controlled by rulers who deny popular participation in government.

Authoritarianism

According to sociologist __________, the power elite is made up of leaders at the top of business, the executive branch of the federal government, and the military.

C. Wright Mills

Approximately 195 independent nation-states currently exist throughout the world. Which of the following is NOT one of the four main types of political systems found in nation-states?

Communism

is a political system in which the people hold the ruling power either directly or through elected representatives.

Democracy

democracy requires that citizens be able to meet together regularly to debate and decide the issues of the day.

Direct participatory

is the formal organization that has the legal and political authority to regulate the relationships among members of a society and between the society and those outside its borders.

Government

is a societal focus on military ideals and an aggressive preparedness for war.

Militarism

is a political system in which power resides in one person or family and is passed from generation to generation through lines of inheritance.

Monarchy

sociology is the area of sociology that examines the nature and consequences of power within or between societies, as well as the social and political conflicts that lead to changes in the allocation of power.

Political

terrorism uses intimidation, coercion, threats of harm, and other violence that attempts to bring about a significant change in or overthrow an existing government.

Political

activities constitute a long-standing political practice—projects designed to bring jobs and public monies to the home state of members of Congress, for which they can take credit.

Pork barrel

is the ability of persons or groups to achieve their goals despite opposition from others. Through the use of persuasion, authority, or force, some people are able to get others to submit to their demands.

Power

Which of the following categories of authority outlined by Max Weber has found its contemporary embodiment in bureaucracy?

Rational-legal

authority is held by elected or appointed government officials and by officers in a formal organization. However, authority is invested in the office, not in the person who holds the office.

Rational-legal

are political coalitions made up of individuals or groups that share a specific interest they wish to protect or advance with the help of the political system.

Special interest groups

In 2009, the _________ movement emerged to support more constitutionally limited government and to oppose various stimulus and bailout programs that use federal monies.

Tea Party

The ________ is pessimistic about the direction that its members think the United States has taken under the Obama administration, and the group wants to do something about it.

Tea Party Movement

is the use of calculated, unlawful physical force or threats of violence against a government, organization, or individual to gain some political, religious, economic, or social objective.

Terrorism

is an element of the Iron Triangle.

The Defense Department

is a political system in which the state seeks to regulate all aspects of people's public and private lives.

Totalitarianism

Political scientists summarized the key elements of pluralism. Which of the following is NOT one of these concepts?

Veto groups are strictly prohibited.

is organized, armed conflict between nations or distinct political factions.

War

In __________ monarchies, a powerful figure claims a hereditary right to rule (based on membership in a noble family) or a divine right to rule (a God-given right to rule that legitimizes the exercise of power).

absolute

In dictatorships, power is gained and held by a single individual. Pure dictatorships are rare; all rulers need the support of the military and the backing of business elites to maintain their position. Dictatorships occur in ___________.

authoritarian regimes

In a representative democracy, elected representatives are supposed to convey the concerns and interests of those they represent, and the government is expected to:

be responsive to the wishes of the people.

Rational-legal authority is also known as __________ authority, which is based on an organizational structure that includes a clearly defined division of labor, hierarchy of authority, formal rules, and impersonality.

bureaucratic

According to sociologist Max Weber, __________ authority is power legitimized on the basis of a leader's exceptional personal qualities, or the demonstration of extraordinary insight and accomplishment that inspire loyalty and obedience from followers.

charismatic

Such diverse historical figures as Napoleon, Adolf Hitler, Martin Luther King, Jr., and Cesar Chavez, are examples of__________ leaders.

charismatic

Sociologist Max Weber outlined three ideal types of authority, which include all of the following EXCEPT:

coercive authority.

War is a form of by people who are seeking to promote their cause or resist social policies or practices that they consider oppressive.

collective violence

According to some __________ analysts, people may not vote because they are satisfied with the status quo or because they are apathetic and uninformed—they lack an understanding of both public issues and the basic processes of government.

conservative

In _________ monarchies, the royalty serve as symbolic rulers or heads of state, while actual authority is held by elected officials in national parliaments.

constitutional

The royal families in the United Kingdom, Sweden, Spain, and the Netherlands are present-day examples of:

constitutional monarchies.

People have a greater tendency to accept authority as legitimate if they are __________ dependent on those who hold power.

economically or politically

A political party does all of the following EXCEPT:

educate political candidates about issues and simplify the choices for them.

According to the model, power in political systems is concentrated in the hands of a small group of privileged and the masses are relatively powerless.

elite

For young children, the __________ is the primary agent of political socialization.

family

The pluralist model is rooted in a __________ perspective, which assumes that people share a consensus on central concerns, such as freedom and protection from harm, and that the government serves important functions no other institution can fulfill.

functionalist

During the nineteenth century, the government:

had a relatively limited role in everyday life.

According to sociologist Joe Feagin, the iron triangle of power ___________.

has a revolving door of money, influence, and jobs involving trillions of dollars

In today's society, much of the actual functioning of the government in the United States is carried on by:

its bureaucracy.

Many nations do not recognize totalitarian regimes as being the ________ government of a particular country. Afghanistan in the year 2001 was an example.

legitimate

Most Tea Party supporters are all of the following EXCEPT:

liberals

Unlike absolute monarchs, __________ monarchies are not considered to be above the law.

limited

The people who are paid to influence legislation on behalf of specific clients are referred to as:

lobbyists.

According to C. Wright Mills, the _________ of the pyramid includes the legislative branch of government, special interest groups, and local opinion leaders.

middle level

The potential power of the mutual interdependence of the military establishment and private military contractors, is referred to as the:

military-industrial complex.

A __________ is a unit of political organization that has recognizable national boundaries and whose citizens possess specific legal rights and obligations.

nation-state

All of the following are characteristics of charismatic authority EXCEPT that it:

often becomes legitimized on the basis of long-standing custom.

According to C. Wright Mills, an alliance of economic, military, and political power could result in a:

permanent war economy.

According to the __________ model, power in political systems is widely dispersed throughout many competing interest groups.

pluralist

A party won 40 percent of the vote and received 40 seats in the 100-seat legislative body; the other party won 60 percent of the vote and received the remaining 60 seats in the 100-seat legislative body. This is an example of:

proportional representation.

The continual interplay of race and gender that reinforces traditional structures of power in contemporary societies is referred to as:

racialized patriarchy.

According to sociologist Max Weber, __________ authority is power legitimized by law or written rules and regulations.

rational-legal

According to sociologist G. William Domhoff, the ruling class influences the political process in all of the following ways EXCEPT that they:

refuse to participate in the special interest process

In the United States, people have a voice in the government through democracy, whereby citizens elect representatives to serve as bridges between themselves and the government.

representative

The __________ of charisma occurs when charismatic authority is succeeded by a bureaucracy controlled by a rationally established authority or by a combination of traditional and bureaucratic authority.

routinization

Political __________ is the process by which people learn political attitudes, values, and behavior.

socialization

Broad categories of __________ include banking, business, education, energy, the environment, health, labor, persons with a disability, religious groups, retired persons, women, and those espousing a specific ideological viewpoint.

special interest groups

Examples of include the AFL-CIO (representing the majority of labor unions) and citizens' groups such as the American Conservative Union and Zero Population Growth.

special interest groups

The __________ is the political entity that possesses a legitimate monopoly over the use of force within its territory to achieve its goals.

state

In the 1930s, the role of the government was greatly extended due to ___________ to deal with labor-management issues, public welfare, and the regulation of the securities market.

the Great Depression

According to sociologist G. William Domhoff, the ruling class is comprised of:

the corporate rich.

According to Weber, __________ authority is power that is legitimized on the basis of long-standing custom.

traditional

Gender, race, and class relations are closely intertwined with _________ authority.

traditional

British kings and queens historically traced their authority from God. Members of subordinate classes obey a leader's edicts out of economic and political dependency, and sometimes personal loyalty. This example illustrates:

traditional authority.

The U.S. Constitution requires that each state have __________ senators and a minimum of __________ member in the House of Representatives. The current size of the House of Representatives (435 seats) has not changed since the apportionment following the 1910 census.

two; one

Civil and guerrilla wars, covert operations, and some forms of terrorism are examples of:

undeclared war.

All of the following are levels of participation in the government EXCEPT:

watching a political speech on television.

According to a New York Times/CBS News poll, Tea Party supporters are ____________ than the general public.

wealthier and more well educated