Sociology chapter 3 review

To get rid of gender bias, some parents give their children gender-neutral toys. Why is this ineffective? a. Regardless of their intentions, parents assign gender to toys. b. Gender-neutral toys are not as fun so children reject them. c. All toys are geared toward either boys or girls. d. Children know and want the toys that other kids have

Children know and want the toys that other kids have

How did industrialization affect childhood? a. Children moved from being farm workers to factory workers. b. Children were viewed as needing more tender care and affection. c. Children were seen as miniature adults who needed less care and attention. d. Children were viewed as potential wage earners.

Children were viewed as needing more tender care and affection.

According to George Herbert Mead, why is play important to developing a self? a. Play nurtures the development of abstract thinking. b. It is through play that we learn to take on the role of others. c. Play helps us learn to judge how others evaluate us. d. Through play, we learn to separate our bodies from the environment.

It is through play that we learn to take on the role of others.

Which of the following is an example of George Herbert Mead's play stage, the second stage of learning to take the role of the other? a. Mary dresses up in a white coat and pretends to be a doctor. b. Kevin is mimicking his mother's facial expressions. c. Kyle is learning to count. d. Casey is joining a soccer team.

Mary dresses up in a white coat and pretends to be a doctor.

In the U.S. orphanage experiment, a control group of babies stayed in the orphanage where human interaction was minimal. A second group of babies, the experimental group, was moved to an institution for women with low IQs who showered them with love and attention. The experiment started when the babies were about 19 months old. Two and one-half years later both groups were given IQ tests. What was the outcome of the experiment? a. The second group gained IQ points because of the interactions with the women. b. Both groups lost IQ points because all the babies were still in institutions. c. Neither group showed a change in IQ, showing that human contact does not affect IQ. d. The control group gained IQ points, because they were not raised by women with low IQs.

The second group gained IQ points because of the interactions with the women.

According to studies, how do the gender roles learned by the children of homosexual couples differ from those learned by heterosexual couples? a. Studies regarding gender roles have had conflicting results and are not conclusive. b. Studies show that children of homosexual couples have to do less gender stereotyping. c. Studies show that children of homosexual couples hold more traditional views of gender. d. Studies show that both groups of children have similar views on gender roles.

Studies regarding gender roles have had conflicting results and are not conclusive.

Why do blue-collar families, in general, emphasize obedience in their children? a. The parents hold jobs where they are expected to follow orders and they expect their children to one day hold similar jobs. b. Conformity and obedience are stressed because the rest of their lives are filled with chaos. c. They expect their children to one day hold jobs that require initiative and self-motivation. d. Religion is a big part of blue-collar life and religion stresses obedience.

The parents hold jobs where they are expected to follow orders and they expect their children to one day hold similar jobs.

According to Freud, what happens when a person's superego gets out of control? a. The person seeks immediate fulfillment of wants and needs. b. The person breaks society's rules and norms. c. The person bounces back and forth between instant gratification and rigid conformity. d. The person becomes overly rigid in conforming to society's rules.

The person becomes overly rigid in conforming to society's rules.

Which of the following statements about the self is true? a. The self is set in childhood and cannot be acted on or changed. b. The self is the result of passive absorption of outside influences. c. The self is constantly changing and dynamic. d. The self is just the sum of our social experiences.

The self is constantly changing and dynamic.

Which of the following statements about children who spend more time in day care is accurate? a. They are more likely to have worse mental health. b. They are less affectionate toward their mothers. c. They have weaker language skills. d. They are less likely to be disruptive in school.

They are less affectionate toward their mothers.

Although intelligent, powerful female characters now appear in movies,TV shows, and video games, they usually are pictured as thin, beautiful, and sexily dressed. Why is the message this sends problematic? a. They do not represent the type of female that is valued in our society. b. Men do not like powerful, intelligent women. c. They represent an ideal that is virtually unattainable. d. Beautiful, sexy women are rarely intelligent.

They represent an ideal that is virtually unattainable.

Ellah is currently in an age group that is a social invention, even though many people view it as a natural age division. She is in her __________. a. older years b. middle years c. childhood d. adolescence

adolescence

Charmaine is convinced that people find her boring. In Charles Horton Cooley's analysis, this is an example of__________. a. the "I" and the "me" parts of the self b. the concrete operational stage of reasoning c. the third stage of role taking d. an element of the looking-glass self

an element of the looking-glass self

Giving privileges to one group of people while denying those privileges to another is an example of __________. a. gender mapping b. social mirroring c. gender bias d. social inequality

social inequality

Children learn how to get along with others through __________. a. bonding b. language c. heredity d. socialization

socialization

Total institutions conduct degradation ceremonies for new inductees because ___________. a. they must experience a name change b. they must collect their personal identity kit c. they try to strip away their current identity to stamp on a new one d. their rules require a dramatic haircut

they try to strip away their current identity to stamp on a new one

What is a manifest function of school? a. to provide a place to make friends b. to teach knowledge and skills c. to free up babysitters so they can take more responsible jobs d. to keep children off the streets

to teach knowledge and skills

In the West, what are the two new stages being added to the life course? a. preadolescence and later older years b. transitional adulthood and transitional older years c. preadolescence and middle years d. adulthood and later older years

transitional adulthood and transitional older years

In this way, resocialization at a workplace differs from resocialization in prison: Resocialization at work is usually __________ and in prison it is usually ___________. a. involuntary; voluntary b. involuntary; involuntary c. voluntary; voluntary d. voluntary; involuntary

voluntary; involuntary

According to Paul Ekman's six basic emotions, facial expressions are determined by __________. a. nationality b. gender c. culture d. biology

biology

Which of the following is an example of a total institution? a. university campus b. convent c. retirement village d. hospital

convent

our _________ sets the broad context that results in our behavior, values, and ways of thinking a.biology b. language c. culture d. nature

culture

What are the stages in George Herbert Mead's analysis of role taking? a. sensorimotor, play, others b. I, me, others c. imitation, play, team games d. sensorimotor, preoperational, operational

imitation, play, team games

The combination of how we react to other people's perception of us and our own choices creates which of the following? a. social location b. ego c. life course d. individuality

individuality

Residents of total institutions experience __________. a. moral growth b. involuntary resocialization c. gender stereotyping d. voluntary resocialization

involuntary resocialization

What is a common problem during the early middle years? a. delay of adulthood b. social isolation c. job loss d. contemplation of death

job loss

John and Mary have just entered their 50s. They have good jobs and finally have both the time and money for vacations. What stage of life are they in? a. transitional adulthood b. early middle years c. later middle years d. transitional older years

later middle years

As Marial enters adolescence, her __________ will likely dominate her life, influencing what music she listens to and how she dresses. a. religion b. peer group c. summer job d. school

peer group

Other than parents, which of the following has the most powerful impact on learning gender? a. peer groups b. video games c. teachers d. toys

peer groups

The __________ stage of morality is mostly a Western concept. a. amoral b. postconventional c. preconventional d. conventional

postconventional

Bobby wants to play a video game; however, he is not allowed to play after 7:00 pm and it is now 7:30 pm. If he plays the game and gets caught, his mother will take away all of his games. He decides to follow the rule because he does not want to lose all of his games. According to Lawrence Kohlberg, Bobby is in the __________ stage. a. conventional b. preconventional c. postconventional d. amoral

preconventional

During which stage of Jean Piaget's analysis of the development of reasoning, does a child start to recognize letters, but does not know what the letters mean? a. sensorimotor b. concrete operational c. formal operational d. preoperational

preoperational

A newly widowed woman has to learn the norms that accompany her new situation. What is this an example of? a. total socialization b. latent socialization c. resocialization d. anticipatory socialization

resocialization

If a child does not learn language and experience human bonding by about age __________, he or she will not develop normal intelligence. a. 13 b. 2 c. 5 d. 9

13

Leticia is a sociologist. She is most likely to agree with which of the following statements? a. Individual behavior can be easily predicted. b. Each of us is actively involved in the construction of the self. c. Human behavior is only the playback and result of socializing agents. d. People passively absorb influences from their environment.

Each of us is actively involved in the construction of the self.

How does religion play a powerful role throughout U.S. society? a. Religious ideas form the basis of morality in the United States. b. Religion gives people a sense of identity. c. Religion offers an avenue of social mobility to the poor. d. Religious groups help immigrants assimilate.

Religious ideas form the basis of morality in the United States.

Who developed the technique for treating emotional problems through exploration of the subconscious? a. Jean Piaget b. Lawrence Kohlberg c. Sigmund Freud d. Paul Ekman

Sigmund Freud

Which of the following depicts a feral child? a. a baby being raised in an orphanage with limited stimulation and human contact b. a teenager found locked in a room and tied to a chair who never learned to walk or talk c. a child living alone in the woods, unable to speak, walking on all fours, and impervious to the cold d. a child who live his or her whole life in a small, windowless space communicating only with his mute mother

a child living alone in the woods, unable to speak, walking on all fours, and impervious to the cold