sociology chapter 4, 5

which of the following were types responses by U.S. WORKERS TO THE LOSS OF MANUFACTURING JOBS IN THE WAKE OF GLOBALIZATION AT THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY?

-RETURNING TO SCHOOL TO LEARN NEW SKILLS -SEEKING OPPORTUNITIES BY MOVING TO NEW AREAS -FIGHTING PLANT CLOSING AND LAYOFFS

which of the following are effects that cell phones have had on human action?

-cell phones have helped blur the distinction between work time and time off -cell phones make us more accessible to one another

what are two methods that sociologists use to examine micro-level interactions?

-ethnomethodolgy -conversation analysis

what is the relationship between action and structure?

-human action is shaped by the larger structural patterns of society. -human action has strong impact on social structures.

which of the following are ways in which the migration of jobs overseas as part of globalization has affected the structure of work for U.S. employees?

-it has meant the loss of millions of manufacturing jobs -it has ended a period of stable, long-term employment for many americans in the post-World War II period

sociologist Diane Vaughn found NASA to be and organization that

-made it difficult to contradict one's superiors in public -provided few opportunities for managers to voice concerns -was not conducive to addressing hunches or concerns not supported by evidence

disasters and accidents that take place within complex and hierarchical organizations can commonly be attributed to which of the following?

-poor communication patterns within the organization -a bureaucracy that hinders the flow of information

which of the following are examples of structures that have been dysfunctional in American society and would now be considered completely dysfunctional?

-racial discrimination -slavery

which of the following statements describing the relationship between social structure and behavior are true?

-social structure constrains social behavior by putting limits on it -social structure enables behavior by providing a context within which people can interact

according to max weber, what are the two key components of power?

-the ability to bring about an intended outcome -the ability to overcome opposition

organizational structure directly shapes which of the following?

-the flow of information within an organization -the decision-making process within an organization -communication patterns within an organization

which of the following are economic functions of work?

-work provides people with money to pay their bills -the labor force produces valuable good and services for society as a whole

___________ was a leading american sociologist who pioneered the functionalist perspective in the mid-twentieth century

Talcott Parsons

the rise in numbers of adults living alone has triggered fears that Americans are becoming more socially isolated. sociologists argue that this rise actually reflects

a change in the structure of social connections

a practice or technique that is widely used in a particular social setting is called

a convention

the type of action guided by emotions and feelings is ________ action.

affective

The German sociologist who defined sociology as the science concerned with understanding social action was

Max Weber

george ritzer refers to the process by which the operational principles of fast food restaurants have come to dominate more sectors of U.S. and global society

McDonaldization

during hurricane Katrina, the social structure in New Orleans temporarily

callapsed

empowerment increases people's

capacity to bring about an intended outcome

__________ authority is power whose legitimacy is derived from the extraordinary personal characteristics of an individual leader, which inspire loyalty and devotion

charismatic

drivers obeying speed limits in order to avoid expensive speeding tickets and an autocrat imprisoning dissidents are both forms of using ___________ to overcome opposition.

coercion

a sociologist who analyzes the patterns in face-to-face conversions that produce the smooth, back-and-forth turn-taking of such exchanges is using _________ analysis.

conversation

the shit of manufacturing jobs to low-wage countries is part of what some analysts call "_________ of america."

diendustrialization

the concept of ___________ is at the center of functional analysis

equilibrium

according to George Simmel, what is that creates society?

face-to-face, micro-level interactions

today's workers are likely to have ______ options than their counterparts did only a decade earlier.

fewer

functionalist argue that social institutions ______ that help to maintain social stability.

fulfill specific functions

talcott parsons was widely criticized for his view that the traditional separation of gender roles in the family was ________ for society

functional

the ________ perspective views society as a set of interdependent institutions that each serve a specific purpose in order to maintain social order.

functionalist

what is the impact of human action on social structures?

human action can reaffirm, modify, or radically change existing social structures.

In manufacturing plants in the 1950s and 1960s, there was an unwritten understanding that

if you did your job well, you would be likely to be employed for life

in societies where women have little power, practices such as forcing children to be brides serve as examples of "power over" and inequality at both the _________and societal levels.

individual

to which of the following types of social interactions did sociologists Steven Clayman and john heritage apply conversation analysis in a 2002 study?

news interviews

which strategy of empowerment involves bringing people together to identify common goals and work together to achieve them?

organization

the rules and routines, both formal and informal, which shape daily activity within organization is called ___________ structure.

organizational

although they knew about the technical problems that caused the shuttle accidents, NASA engineers proceeded with the fatal launches of the shuttles chanllenger in 1986 and Columbia in 2003. Sociologist Diane Baughn discovered that this was due to communication blocks and limitations by studying NASA's

organizational structure

sociologist claude fischer found all the following to be true about the structure of friendship in the 21st century except

people socialize less often than they did in the 1970s

a company that strives to provide the same products and services at all its locations is focused on which dimension of McDonaldization?

predictability

the term social structure refers to

recurring patterns of behavior

a federal solar tax credit allowing businesses or individuals to deduct a percentage of the cost of installing solar panels on their home or building is an example of using the ___________ strategy to overcome opposition

reward

how do roles shape your life?

roles clarify what is expected of you in different contexts

sociologist eric klinenberg differentiates between "singles," who may live with roommates or family members, and _______, who live alone, but may still have robust social connections

singletons

according to the functionalist perspective, the family, government, economy, and education are all examples of

social institutions

the major arenas of social life where durable routines and patterns of behavior take place are called

social institutions

for sociologists, "president of the united states," "mother," and "wife" are all examples of __________ positions.

status

in terms of sociology, action is

the ability to operate independent of social constraints

in terms of sociology, what is a role?

the sets of expected behaviors associated with particular statuses

weber would consider a family custom that has been passed on for generations an example of _______ action

traditional

true or false: individuals can exercise control over their achieved status.

true

Ethnomethodologist believe that social structure exists because

we are constantly creating it as we construct and reconstruct social order in our daily routines

which of the following is and unintended consequence of McDonaldization

we do an increasing amount of unpaid labor for ourselves

feminist theorists have pointed out the rigid gender roles constrain the behavior of...

both women and men

a controlled social situation in which individuals intentionally break social rules is called

breaching experiment.