Sociology chapter 4-6
The first medium of mass communication was
newspapers
The assembled students at a university graduation ceremony would correctly be called a:
secondary group.
Marshall McLuhan claimed that media __________.
shape the content of the messages they transmit
Which of the following is every society's most important primary group?
the family
A large and impersonal group whose members pursue a specific goal or activity is:
a secondary group.
What do sociologists call two or more people who identify and interact with one another?
a social group
The term "social media" refers to media that
allow people to communicate with one another
Which type of leadership style focuses on instrumental concerns, making decisions, and ensuring group members obey orders?
authoritarian
People gain "media literacy" when they __________
become critical consumers of mass media
A temporary, loosely formed collection of people who may or may not interact is a:
crowd.
Passengers sitting in an airport gate area to board a plane are an example of a:
crowd.
Which type of group leader supports collective decision-making on an egalitarian basis?
democratic
What is the term for group leadership that emphasizes collective well-being?
expressive leadership
According to Conflict Theory, Mass Media
focuses on how the media reflects and portrays divisions within society such as race, gender or religion.
Institutions of higher learning, the military, and governmental agencies are all examples of:
formal organizations.
The term "gatekeeping" is used by conflict theorists to describe
how a small number of powerful people or corporations control what is portrayed through media
The word "mass media" is correctly understood as
the means of transferring information from a single source to a vast number of people
Solomon Asch's research, in which subjects were asked to match lines, showed:
the power of group membership to generate conformity.
The first war to be broadcast into the homes of thousands of people via television was
the war in Iraq
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of secondary groups?
warm, personal interaction
The Latin word "media" refers to __________.
"channels of communication"
Which of the following statements about newspapers is TRUE?
-By the 1920's, radio became a source of information causing a DECREASE in newspaper circulation. -In recent decades, the internet has caused further decline in newspaper circulation. -Some well-known newspapers such as the NY TIMES have INCREASED circulation and have remained viable businesses.
What according to Glasner, is the "culture of fear?"
-It is a concept that people use the media to incite fear to promote their own political or workplace goals through emotional bias. -One of its dangers is that legitimate concerns may be trivialized. -Answers 2 and 3 are true of the "fear of culture"
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
-The invention of the printing press in the 15th century was an important step toward "reaching" mass audiences. -Early forms of mass media were essentially one directional with information flowing outward from a single source to large numbers of people
A recent study done by NIH (National Institute of Health) found that:
-the heaviest users of social media were 2 to 3 times more likely to report feeling socially isolated -those who use social media several times per day were three times more likely to report feeling socially isolated than those who rarely use social media.
Media literacy involves
-trying to understand what message is being communicated -identifying the source of information
About how many Americans use social media on a daily basis?
7 out of every 10
attached to a single status.
A role set refers to a number of roles:
role conflict
Assume a surgeon chooses not to operate on her own son because the personal involvement of motherhood could impair her professional objectivity as a physician. Which of the following is involved?
status set.
At a given time, you occupy a number of statuses. These are your:
achieved status
Being an honors student is an example of which of the following?
slip of the tongue. trembling voice. facial expressions. All of these are correct.
Clues to the fact that another person is lying may be found in the other's:
___________ leadership is appropriate for promoting the well-being of members and for raising group moral.
Expressive.
What are the two most widely used online platforms?
FAcebook and Youtube
Use of social media by older adults has decreased considerably in the last 5 years.
False
Which of following media do many people consider to have a conservative political bias?
Fox News
Men commonly seek to control more space than women
In what way do men and women typically differ in their use of space?
Which of the following statements about gate-keeping is TRUE?
It describes the "gates" through which various media must pass before being shown to the general public. In some countries, the government controls mass media through the gatekeeping process. Gatekeeping impacts some types of media more than others. For example, a lot of control is put on what big budget movies are made, while the internet has few gates of regulation. All of the above are TRUE.
According to the introductory video on Mass Media, there are multiple functions that mass media serves. Which of the following is NOT one of those functions?
It glorifies violence and other behaviors that may cause dysfunction.
Which of the following statements describe advantages of mass media.
It helps us learn new things. Mass media helps us spread information quickly and easily. Mass media can be used to help people understand and accept cultural differences. All the above.
role conflict.
Joan is an excellent artist, but feels she cannot devote enough time to her family. She is experiencing:
are often used to safely express potentially disruptive ideas. are often used to relieve tension"lightening" a situation. can be used to diffuse a tense moment by stating, "Hey, it was only a joke!" All of these are correct.
Looking at humor from a structural-functional viewpoint, jokes:
Which of the following statements is consistent with the findings of Solomon Asch?
Many people are willing to compromise their own judgment to avoid being seen as different.
Which of the following statements DOES NOT represent a disadvantage of mass media?
Mass media can be used as means to promote cultural understanding.
The conflict theory holds the view that mass media promotes the view of the dominant culture or ideology. Which of the statements below are TRUE of this view?
Most "gate-keepers" are white, male and wealthy. Minority views and issues are limited as a result of WHO gatekeepers are. Stereotypes of minority groups are ofen shown in a negative light. When minorities are included there is often the appearance of one representative of that group who appears as a "token" of inclusion. All the above.
Of the statements below which one(s) represent differences between early forms of media versus modern forms?
Older forms of media were one directional whereas many of the modern forms are multidirectional. Modern social media are not centralized like newspapers and television are. The reach of social media is far beyond that of even the most well known newspapers and television
role
Sociologists use what term to refer to the behavior people expect of someone who holds a particular status?
situations defined as real are real in their consequences.
The Thomas theorem states that:
understanding the two realities presented in the joke and appreciating their difference.
The idea of "getting" a joke, according to the text, depends on:
social interaction.
The process by which people act and react in relation to others is called:
Why did Cooley refer to some groups as "primary groups"?
They are among the first groups we experience in life. They have primary importance in the socialization process. They are people we think of as having primary importance in our lives. All of these are correct.
A latent function of media is that it not only entertains but that it also expands people's experiences as they are exposed through media to people different from themselves.
True
Social Media sites are used by approximately 1/3 of the the people in the world.
True
Regarding how media has changed the nature of human relationships which statement below is TRUE?
We are able to interact and share information with people we never see Work has become less personal as more people use computers for their work. The way we run our households has changed as more people pay bills and conduct business online. Media has altered how we spend our leisure. All the above.
achieved status
What is the term for a social position that is assumed voluntarily and that reflects a lot of personal ability and effort?
ascribed status
What is the term for a social position that is received at birth or involuntarily taken on later in life?
master status
What is the term for a status that has very great importance for social identity, often shaping a person's entire life?
role conflict
What is the term for the conflict among roles corresponding to two or more statuses?
role exit
What is the term for the process by which people disengage from important social roles?
social construction of reality
What term refers to the process by which people creatively shape their world as they interact?
having a serious physical or mental disability
Which of the following is most likely to be a master status?
Erving Goffman
Which sociologist developed the approach called "dramaturgical analysis"?
The feminist view of mass media emphasizes stereotypes of men and women. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?
Women are often portrayed in the movies as heroes while men are shown as the weaker sex.
Which of the following is the best example of a secondary group?
a Microsoft Corporation awards banquet
What is the correct sociological term for all people with a common status, such as "college students"?
a category
Which of the following is the best example of a primary group?
a family gathering for a religious holiday
Which of the following steps are important to becoming "media literate?"
identifying the source of information Asking who benefits from the claims being made Using multiple sources of information to compare information All the above.
What is the term for group leadership that emphasizes the completion of tasks?
instrumental leadership
Which kind of group leadership calls for more distant relationships with group members?
instrumental leadership
A secondary group is a social group that:
is impersonal and tries to accomplish some specific goal.
Stanley Milgram's research, in which subjects used a "shock generator," showed that:
people are surprisingly likely to follow the orders of not only "legitimate" authority figures, but also groups of ordinary individuals.
Charles Cooley referred to a small social group whose members share personal and enduring relationships using the term:
primary group.
Newspapers, books and magazines represent a type of media called:
print media
