SOCIOLOGY Chapter 5

14. In an effort to control a total institution, and to create a community of sameness, inmates are forced to strip down, be searched by police officers, and given identical uniforms before entering prison. This is an example of _______. a. An entry test that must be passed b. A degradation ceremony c. A graduation ceremony d. An exit test that must be passed

A degradation ceremony

How did nearly complete isolation as a child affect Danielle's verbal abilities? a. She could not communicate at all. b. She never learned words, but she did learn signs. c. She could not understand much, but she could use gestures. d. She could understand and use basic language like "yes" and "no."

A. She could not communicate at all

Why are wealthy parents more likely than poor parents to socialize their children toward creativity and problem solving? a. Wealthy parents are socializing their children toward the skills of white-collar employment. b. Wealthy parents are not concerned about their children rebelling against their rules. c. Wealthy parents never engage in repetitive tasks. d. Wealthy parents are more concerned with money than with a good education.

A. Wealthy parents are socializing their children toward the skills of white-collar employment.

Which of the following is not an age-related transition point when Americans must be socialized to new roles? a. Infancy b. School age c. Adulthood d. Senior citizen

A. infancy

10. Education is important to society because: a. It teaches children facts about the world in which they live. b. It teaches children how to interact with their peers and helps them to gain social graces. c. It teaches children how to react to authority and how to behave in group and one-on-one situations. d. All of the above

All

11. The transition from college life to work life can be quite difficult for many young adults in the United States. Which is a possible cause for this struggle? a. The status quo has been maintained for a substantial period of time, and now the economy and government are undergoing significant changes. b. Many young people are in the same situation, so drawing expertise or knowledge from their experiences from peers is difficult. c. Finding a job, renting an apartment, and being independent is a daunting task that seems insurmountable. d. All of the above

All

13. During the Medieval Age monks would lock themselves inside a monastery in order to devote their lives to prayer. A sociologist in the 21st century would look at this cultural phenomenon and label it: a. A total institution b. An incomplete institution c. An excellent cross section of the population d. A psychological phenomenon that is outside the realm of sociological study

An incomplete institution

15. Sumaira is scared that she will not find a job in the current economy. She decides to be a business major and attend one of the top business schools in the country. Upon graduation, she is hired by a major investment banking firm in New York. Sumaira has completed: a. A degradation ceremony. b. Developing her sense of self. c. Anticipatory socialization. d. Developing her sense of morality.

Anticipatory socialization

Socialization, as a sociological term, describes: a. how people interact during social situations b. how people learn societal norms, beliefs, and values c. a person's internal mental state when in a group setting d. the difference between introverts and extroverts

B. How people learn societal norms, beliefs, and values

Which of the following is a manifest function of schools? a. Understanding when to speak up and when to be silent b. Learning to read and write c. Following a schedule d. Knowing locker room etiquette

B. Learning to read and write

Which of the following is typically the earliest agent of socialization? a. School b. Family c. Mass media d. Workplace

B. family

3. Some sociologists have pointed out that gender roles are often determined by how a society socializes young boys and girls. Which of the following is an example of socializing a child into a gender role? a. Taking Jimmy to the aquarium. b. Buying Sarah a toy kitchen to play with. c. Letting Kim wear pants to school. d. Allowing Joey to sleep with his "blankey."

Buying Sarah a toy kitchen to play with

Which one of the following is not a way people are socialized by religion? a. People learn the material culture of their religion. b. Life stages and roles are connected to religious celebration. c. An individual's personal internal experience of a divine being leads to their faith. d. Places of worship provide a space for shared group experiences.

C. An individual's personal internal experience of a divine being leads to their faith.

What occurs in Lawrence Kohlberg's conventional level? a. Children develop the ability to have abstract thoughts. b. Morality is developed by pain and pleasure. c. Children begin to consider what society considers moral and immoral. d. Parental beliefs have no influence on children's morality.

C. Children begin to consider what society considers moral and immoral.

What did Carol Gilligan believe earlier researchers into morality had overlooked? a. The justice perspective b. Sympathetic reactions to moral situations c. The perspective of females d. How social environment affects how morality develops

C. The perspective of females

Which of the following is true regarding American socialization of recent high school graduates? a. They are expected to take a year "off" before college. b. They are required to serve in the military for one year. c. They are expected to enter college, trade school, or the workforce shortly after graduation. d. They are required to move away from their parents.

C. They are expected to enter college, trade school, or the workforce shortly after graduation.

From a sociological perspective, which factor does not greatly influence a person's socialization? a. Gender b. Class c. Blood type d. Race

C. blood type

Chris Langan's story illustrates that: a. children raised in one-parent households tend to have higher IQs. b. intelligence is more important than socialization. c. socialization can be more important than intelligence. d. neither socialization nor intelligence affects college admissions.

C. socialization can be more important than intelligence.

16. Mark, whose parents are wealthy, has been socialized to believe that he can be whoever he wants to be. His best friend Matt, whose parents are blue-collar workers, has been socialized to believe that hard work and following instructions is all he needs to support himself. Which sociological paradigm does this story fit? a. Structural Functionalism b. Conflict c. Symbolic Interactionism d. Feminist Theory

Conflict

How do schools prepare children to one day enter the workforce? a. With a standardized curriculum b. Through the hidden curriculum c. By socializing them in teamwork d. All of the above

D. All of the above

What is one way to distinguish between psychology and sociology? a. Psychology focuses on the mind, while sociology focuses on society. b. Psychologists are interested in mental health, while sociologists are interested in societal functions. c. Psychologists look inward to understand behavior while sociologists look outward. d. All of the above

D. All of the above

The Harlows' study on rhesus monkeys showed that: a. rhesus monkeys raised by other primate species are poorly socialized b. monkeys can be adequately socialized by imitating humans c. food is more important than social comfort d. social comfort is more important than food

D. Social comfort is more important than food.

Why do sociologists need to be careful when drawing conclusions from twin studies? a. The results do not apply to singletons. b. The twins were often raised in different ways. c. The twins may turn out to actually be fraternal. d. The sample sizes are often small.

D. The sample sizes are often small

Whose study described the differences in the way that boys and girls view morality?

Gilligan

2. Erik Erikson's theory explains: a. Why Rhesus Monkeys preferred terry cloth maternal stand-ins versus the maternal stand-ins that provided food. b. How human sexual desire is linked to the development of a personality. c. When human moral development begins in an individual. d. How the actions of society help shape personalities throughout the eight basic stages of life.

How the actions of society help shape personalities throughout the eight basic stages of life.

4. According to Kohlberg's theory of moral development, when do humans begin to think about the feelings of other people and begin to see the world through other people's eyes? a. When they are born. b. When they first go to school. c. In their teenage years d. After they graduate from college.

In their teenage years

7. Émile Durkheim's much lauded study of suicide is important to the field of sociology in many ways. One of the most influential impacts was: a. It defined the differences between sociology and psychology b. It allowed psychology and sociology to merge into one field. c. It showed the psychological reasons for suicide to be a lie. d. It earned Émile Durkheim the title "Father of Sociology" so that other sociologists would have a role model.

It declined the differences between soc and psych

8. It is parent-teacher conference day at Littleton Elementary School. Jimmy's teacher is anxious to meet his parents and discuss his habit of disrupting the class. When the teacher expresses her concern that Jimmy is not being socialized properly, his dad insists that he was the same way at Jimmy's age and that disrupting the class is natural for the children in his family. Jimmy's teacher and father are arguing about which fundamental sociological theory? a. Kohlberg's theory of Moral Development b. George Herbert Mead's theory of self-development c. Nature vs. Nurture d. Freud's theory of self-development

Nature vs. Nurture

12. Sherry is in her mid-eighties and is moving to a nursing home. She is used to getting up at 5 o'clock each morning and making breakfast for herself. Her new roommate likes to sleep until 7 o'clock and breakfast is not served at the nursing home until 8 o'clock. What is Sherry most likely to experience through this transition? a. A shift in her desire to enjoy life. b. A shift in her reading habits. c. Resocialization. d. A complete and permanent loss of herself.

Resocialization

1. During her first day of kindergarten, Marie does not understand how the lunch line in the cafeteria works. She hesitates and watches as the older kids pick up their trays and silverware and then get in line. She follows their lead and successfully buys herself lunch. Marie's experience in the lunchroom is an example of _____. a. Socialization b. The looking glass self c. Resocialization d. Anticipatory socialization

Socialization

17. Joseph and Paula are excited to welcome their child into the world. They cannot wait to pass on all their knowledge, insight, and rich culture. Just as their parents gave them guidance and showed them how to live, Joseph and Paula will continue the chain by handing down their societal values and thus, sustain the society they love so much. Which sociological paradigm does this story fit? a. Structural Functionalism b. Conflict c. Symbolic Interactionism d. Feminist Theory

Structural functionalism

18. Baby Marla is always well dressed. She has ribbons, bows, and frills all over her dresses and even in her hair. Her mother, who is worried that people might mistake Marla for a little boy, is determined to communicate to the world that she has a baby girl. Which sociological paradigm does this story fit? a. Structural Functionalism b. Conflict c. Symbolic Interactionism d. Exchange Theory

Symbolic interactionism

20. The term institutionalization can be defined as: a. The idea that society is constructed by us and those before us, and it is followed like a habit. b. The act of implanting a convention or norm into society. c. A status a person chooses, such as a level of education or income. d. Responsibilities and benefits that a person experiences according to their rank and role in society.

The act of implanting a convention or norm into society.

19. Ahmed has been trying to change his schedule so that he can take one more AP class his senior year in high school. He keeps running between the guidance office and the administration office to sort out the problem. Ahmed's interaction with the school's bureaucracy is an example of: a. The influences of a total institution b. The generalized other c. The influences of one's peer groups d. The hidden curriculum of schools

The hidden curriculum of schools

5. Bobby came home from school crying because the other kids in his class were calling him stupid. His mother tried to console him, but he really started to believe that he was stupid. Charles Cooley would say that this is a classic example of _______. a. The looking-glass self b. The resocialization process c. A degradation ceremony d. Poor parenting

The looking glass self

6. Katrina, age 5, and Sharon, age 4, love to play together while their mothers chat. Katrina has a toy iron and washing machine. She and Sharon spend hours "washing" and "ironing" her baby doll's clothes, just like they see their mothers do. Which of George Herbert Mead's stages of development are Katrina and Sharon exemplifying? a. The preparatory stage b. The play stage c. The game stage d. The "generalized other" stage

The prep stage

9. Parents often socialize their children to: a. Understand and follow different norms from what they themselves follow b. Understand and follow the same norms that they themselves follow c. Ignore society and create their own norms and follow them regardless of consequences d. Ignore society and live alone without much interaction with other people

Understand and follow the same norms that they themselves follow