Sociology Chapter 7

Members must marry within their own group.

caste

Status within the hierarchy is inherited and cannot be changed.

caste

Status within the hierarchy is inherited and cannot be changed.

slavery

This is a system primarily based on economics.

slavery , social class

During the course of a lifetime, individuals can move up or down levels in the strata.

social class

Max Weber suggests that wealth, power, and prestige must all be attained to reach upper-class status and any individual aspect of social class cannot be converted into another.

False

If researchers find that the Great Recession of 2008 led to large numbers of middle-class people experiencing downward mobility to the lower-middle class, it would be an example of what?

structural mobility

What term describes the division of society into groups arranged in a social hierarchy?

Social Stratification

Barack Obama was able to become president of the United States even though African Americans are generally lower status than whites in the United States.

Social stratification is a characteristic of society.

The American achievement ideology suggests that people who are not successful did not work hard enough.

Social stratification is maintained through beliefs that are widely shared by members of society.

The average age of first marriage for women with a high school diploma.

25

Which terms represent measurements of intragenerational mobility?

Correct: horizontal social mobility vertical social mobility Incorrect: structural mobility lateral social mobility

A registered nurse leaves nursing to become a high school teacher.

Horizontal social mobility

Identify each item as an example of either income or wealth.

Income: royalty checks for writing a novel Social Security checks Wealth: stocks and bonds money in a 401(k) account equity in an owner-occupied home

How much social mobility is there in the modern United States compared to fifty years ago?

Mobility is about the same in the United States now as it was fifty years ago.

Identify each trait as being characteristic of either the proletariat or the bourgeoisie in Marx's economic theory.

Proletariat: want to see wages go up earn money by selling their labor Bourgeoisie: want to see wages go down earn money by taking a share of profits control the assets used for production

Which of the following are types of slavery occurring in the world today?

Slavery Occurring Today: human trafficking sex slavery serfdom Slavery Not Occurring Today: slavery as punishment for a crime

Mark Zuckerberg is likely to pass down his wealth to his children.

Social stratification persists over generations.

Identify the true and false statements about the wealth gap in the United States.

True Statement(s): The super-rich are super-consumers. In the United States, the share of the country's wealth belonging to the top 0.1 percent of households jumped from 7 percent in 1978 to 22 percent in 2012. False Statement(s): Andrew Sayer suggests that the rich profit from wealth creation. There are many negatives to a large wealth gap but it does not mean that the United States is becoming an oligarchy.

Identify the true and false statements about the trends of college enrollment by income level from 1975 to 2014.

True: A larger percentage of all high school graduates, regardless of income, have been enrolling in college over time. Approximately the same percentage of middle-income high school graduates enrolled in college in 2014 as in the late 1990s. The college enrollment gap between low-income and high-income high school grads narrowed from 1975 to 2014. False: The college enrollment gap between low-income and high-income high school grads widened from 1975 to 2014.

Identify the true and false statements about the federal poverty line.

True: The federal poverty line is an absolute measure. The percentage of people living below the federal poverty line has never dipped below 10%. False: The federal poverty line for an individual is $16,240. All families above the federal poverty line can afford basic necessities.

A paramedic gets a job as a receptionist.

Vertical social mobility

A retail store cashier gets a job as a manager.

Vertical social mobility

The average age of first marriage for women with a graduate degree.

30

Gender is the most important characteristic of stratification in more traditional societies.

Different societies use different criteria for ranking their members.

Identify the factors that are sometimes included in the definition of social class.

Factor(s): income wealth education occupation Not Factor(s): race region

The percentage of new mothers with a high school diploma or less.

34

A - approach suggests that social inequality is a necessary part of society. A - approach suggests that the poor and rich have different interests and may find themselves at odds as they attempt to secure and protect these interests. A - approach suggests that we develop everyday class consciousness as a way to distinguish the status of others.

Structural Functionalism , conflict theory , symbolic interactionism

What is the practice of banks and mortgage lenders identifying high-risk areas (usually low-income or minority neighborhoods) and either refusing mortgages to applicants from those neighborhoods or offering loans at prohibitively high rates?

redlining