Sociology Chapters 22, 14, 17, 20 Quiz Answers

Which of the following is a reason a government might try to restrict emigration? A. to prevent brain drain B. to push out low-skilled workers from the job market C. to entice a diaspora to return D. to attract highly educated, foreign-born migrants

A. to prevent brain drain

Which country is the number one sending country in terms of migrant remittances? A. Saudi Arabia B. Switzerland C. Russia D. the United States

D. the United States

Generally, historically black churches emphasize what type of theology? A. persecution theology B. liberation theology C. irreligious theology D. doctrine theology

B. liberation theology

Ultimately, when wondering why and how some behaviors are punished, it often comes down to __________. A. how common the behavior is B. power C. whether the behavior harms others D. history

B. power

What is the name used to designate the person who qualifies for a particular visa? A. adjustee B. principal C. progenerate D. dependent

B. principal

Ken is a sociologist interested in studying religion among young American adults. Specifically, he is interested in understanding the importance of religion in his subjects' lives. Which of the following concepts would Ken be examining? A. theodicy B. religiosity C. pluralism D. irreligion

B. religiosity

According to Durkheim's definition of "the sacred," which of the following would most likely be considered sacred to most Americans? A. the Koran B. the American flag C. the Communist Manifesto D. bottled water

B. the American flag

During which immigration era did the Bureau of Immigration first begin collecting data on personal characteristics, such as the race and ethnicity of immigrants? A. the fourth immigration era B. the second immigration era C. the third immigration era D. the first immigration era

B. the second immigration era

Which of the following pairs of social characteristics is arguably most important in explaining segregation in American churches? A. gender and age B. social class and age C. residence and social status D. residence and gender

C. residence and social status

Social control is a central feature of any society. According to this chapter, which of the following bundles of forces is most important for the maintenance of social control? A. jobs, medical care, mental health facilities, and prisons B. social movements, political parties, the free press, and civil society C. socialization, norms, laws, and institutions of criminal justice D. prisons, laws, police forces, and rules of organizations and schools

C. socialization, norms, laws, and institutions of criminal justice

What is the largest immigration corridor in the world? A. the border between India and Pakistan B. the border between the United States and Canada C. the border between the United States and Mexico D. the border between Ukraine and the Russian Federation

C. the border between the United States and Mexico

Most of the foreign-born people living in the United States in 2010 were born in __________, and the second highest number of foreign-born people living in the United States were born in __________. A. Latin America and the Caribbean; Europe B. Europe; Asia C. Asia; Latin America and the Caribbean D. Latin America and the Caribbean; Asia

D. Latin America and the Caribbean; Asia

Which of the following is NOT true about the process of socialization? A. Criminal gangs socialize their members. B. Learning societal rules happens throughout one's life. C. Moving to a new job usually requires a process of socialization. D. Learning societal rules happens only in childhood.

D. Learning societal rules happens only in childhood.

As a child and teenager Kevin was involved in the Episcopalian church, a Protestant denomination that his parents were members of. As an adult, which of the following religious groups is Kevin most likely to convert to? A. Mormon B. Jewish C. Hindu D. Methodist

D. Methodist

Which of the following is arguably the most gender egalitarian religion for its practitioners? A. Islam B. Hinduism C. Orthodox Judaism D. Protestantism

D. Protestantism

Carolina was born in Chile but has always had a very strong desire to live in the United States. Finally, when she was 20 years old, she migrated. Which of the following terms do social scientists sometimes use to describe people like Carolina? A. tied stayer B. stayer-at-heart C. tied mover D. mover-at-heart

D. mover-at-heart

The Defense of Marriage Act of 1996 __________. A. restricted marriage for those under the age of 21 without parental consent B. allowed married individuals to obtain a "no-fault" divorce C. recognized same-sex unions under federal law D. only recognized heterosexual unions under federal law

D. only recognized heterosexual unions under federal law

To escape Country X's civil war and famine, families have begun slipping across the border to find a new place to live in Country Y. Drawing on the terminology introduced in this chapter, Country Y is a(n) __________ country. A. asylum-seeking B. transitory C. sending D. receiving

D. receiving

In what year did the U.S. federal government mandate the building of a mammoth fence between the United States and Mexico? A. 1994 B. 1944 C. 1964 D. 2004

A. 1994

Approximately what percentage of new legal immigrants over the age of 18 are fluent in English? A. 45 percent of men and 38 percent of women B. 94 percent of men and 96 percent of women C. 12 percent of men and 5 percent of women D. 55 percent of men and 71 percent of women

A. 45 percent of men and 38 percent of women

Which of the following statements describes a pull factor? A. A pull factor is a political or economic condition of a receiving country that encourages people to go there. B. A pull factor refers to the fact that migrants who chose one course of action are distinct from the migrants who do not make the same choice. C. A pull factor is a political or economic condition of a sending country that encourages people to leave. D. A pull factor refers to observation that the vast majority of immigrants around the world are inexorably drawn toward the process of naturalization.

A. A pull factor is a political or economic condition of a receiving country that encourages people to go there.

Bette was born in 1945. All her life she has been active in her church. As her family grew they all become active in church as well. She had two children, both boys, one born in 1960 and the other in 1964. She had a grandson in 1989. If we had to guess based on this limited information, which of the following would we think is most likely true about Bette's family's religiosity? A. Bette is more religious than her two children and her grandson because of her age cohort membership. B. Bette's children are more religious than her because they are both male and men are usually more religious than women. C. Bette's grandson is more religious than other family members because of the example that has been set for him by two generations of his family. D. Bette's younger son is the most religious because of his age cohort membership.

A. Bette is more religious than her two children and her grandson because of her age cohort membership.

Why are denominations important for sociologists of religion to study? A. Denominations provide much of the "organization" in organized religion. B. Denominations raise the money that supports individual congregations. C. Denominations give sociologists more manageable chunks to digest intellectually than religion as a whole. D. Sociology, as a profession, is interested in the granular and not the larger picture.

A. Denominations provide much of the "organization" in organized religion.

What is one reason evangelical Protestantism has been on the rise compared with other traditional religious denominations in the United States since the 1960s? A. Growth of this denomination was fueled by the changing gender roles and "sexual liberation" movement. B. Growth of this denomination was a reaction to the war on poverty. C. Growth of this denomination was propelled by underclass evangelicals. D. Growth of this denomination had more to do with race than anything.

A. Growth of this denomination was fueled by the changing gender roles and "sexual liberation" movement.

What was the top sending country in 2015? A. India B. China C. Mexico D. the United States

A. India

What relationship exists between immigrants and the prohibition of alcohol in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries? A. Prohibition was a move to reestablish traditional values that the upper-middle class, feeling threatened by new immigrants, thought was slipping away. B. Immigrants were shocked by the amount of alcohol Americans consumed and led the prohibition movement. C. The Irish immigrants brought alcohol to the United States. America had been abstinent up until that time and wanted to reestablish those values. D. Immigrants were rowdy drinkers and were consuming two 80-proof hard liquor bottles per week per adult.

A. Prohibition was a move to reestablish traditional values that the upper-middle class, feeling threatened by new immigrants, thought was slipping away.

Why do churches catering primarily to a specific racial or ethnic group sometimes thrive? A. The church provides a safe haven for the segregated and their families and can focus on issues unique to the segregated group. B. They can better collect donations when members are mostly from the same group. C. The government can more easily and readily service the neighborhood via the church. D. They help connect church members to the rest of society.

A. The church provides a safe haven for the segregated and their families and can focus on issues unique to the segregated group.

How might attending a concert be similar to a religious service? A. They both offer a shared experience and sense of community. B. Both promise to help one grow spiritually. C. Everyone is there for the same reasons. D. Everyone is a fan or agrees with what is being espoused.

A. They both offer a shared experience and sense of community.

According to John Hagan's pyramid of punishment, which of the following actions is MOST likely to receive severe punishment? A. any type of action in which there is a strong societal consensus that it is harmful B. an action that causes someone to become severely injured C. an action that violates the law D. a common type of action that is denounced by religious leaders as immoral

A. any type of action in which there is a strong societal consensus that it is harmful

To be statistically deviant, a behavior has to __________. A. be uncommon B. be illegal C. violate societal rules D. be punitive

A. be uncommon

The chapter discusses two historical examples of moral crusades, the prohibition movement and the campaign against morphine. Both of these campaigns succeeded when they convinced most Americans and governmental bodies that what two things were true? A. consumers were mostly immigrants; the harms of use were severe B. consumers were costing millions of dollars in health care fees to treat them; the harms of use were severe C. immigrants were the primary consumers; it caused gangs to increase in size and strength D. consumers were respectable middle-class people; the harms of use were severe

A. consumers were mostly immigrants; the harms of use were severe

Sociologists use the term __________ to denote a place where immigrants are sometimes forced to live, usually located on the outskirts of a city or in a distinctive quarter within a city. A. ethnic enclave B. racial township C. concentration camp D. green zone

A. ethnic enclave

Growth in the Catholic Church in the United States is largely attributed to __________. A. immigration B. theology C. irreligion D. deindustrialization

A. immigration

In high school Jordan studied Greek mythology. His class learned about gods, goddesses, and other divine figures prominent in the belief system, including Hades, Aphrodite, Zeus, and Hera. What type of religion is this? A. polytheistic B. syncretic C. animate D. pluralistic

A. polytheistic

Research suggests that the people who have a high desire to migrate and make the choice to do so are precisely the kind of people who are most disposed to do well in their new country. In sociological terms, they are __________. A. positively self-selected for migration B. responding to pull factors in their homeland C. stayers-at-heart D. tied movers

A. positively self-selected for migration

To escape Country X's civil war and famine, families have begun slipping across the border to find a new place to live in Country Y. Drawing on the terminology introduced in this chapter, Country X is a __________ country. A. sending B. destination C. transitory D. receiving

A. sending

What is an example of a seemingly religious war that may not be about religion? A. the Catholic-Protestant war in Northern Ireland B. the Thirty Years' War C. Islam spreading by the sword D. the Crusades

A. the Catholic-Protestant war in Northern Ireland

What system did German sociologist Max Weber call one of the most logically consistent theodicies ever invented? A. the Hindu caste system B. communism C. liberation theology D. Islamic paradise

A. the Hindu caste system

Which of the following ushered in the fourth immigration era? A. the Immigration and Naturalization Act of 1965 B. the Emergency Quota Act in 1921 C. the Bracero Program D. the National Origins Act

A. the Immigration and Naturalization Act of 1965

Manne lives, shops, and socializes with many other immigrants from the same part of the world who live nearby. This information suggests that an important social group for him is __________. A. the nation he grew up in B. his school C. his family D. his religion

A. the nation he grew up in

How did the early sociologist and social theorist Emile Durkheim define religion? A. those things that societies treat as sacred B. a community of like-minded thinkers C. coming together in shared space in order to seek spiritual guidance D. only those things that involve a belief in God

A. those things that societies treat as sacred

Terrorism can be explained as __________. A. weaker individuals creating a more equal playing field B. the stronger individuals ensuring they win every battle C. individuals with no morals or respect for human life randomly killing people D. equally strong enemies working out conflicts

A. weaker individuals creating a more equal playing field

Which of these places around the world has the lowest rate of religious participation? A. the United States B. Europe C. South America D. India

B. Europe

Despite government opposition, approximately how many Hindus descended on a mosque in India and razed it? A. 10,000 B. 200,000 C. 50,000 D. 5,000,000

B. 200,000

Why was America's early commitment to religious pluralism, as inscribed in the Constitution, so important and so unique? A. It was a tactic during the American Revolution that recruited more troops to overwhelm the British. B. At the time, church and state were not separated in most other countries. C. It allowed early settlers to live more or less peaceably with the indigenous populations. D. It brought a lot of desirable immigrants to the United States.

B. At the time, church and state were not separated in most other countries.

Among Christians, women tend to have higher levels of religiosity than men. This does not seem to be the case, however, for Orthodox Jews or Muslims. Why? A. Boys attend religious schools, while girls do not. B. Boys spend much of their time studying the Torah or memorizing the Koran, but girls are typically not expected to. C. As girls gain more equality in each faith, they have become less religious. D. Girls are only permitted in the mosque or synagogue if invited by their father.

B. Boys spend much of their time studying the Torah or memorizing the Koran, but girls are typically not expected to.

What has the U.S. New Immigrant Survey revealed about the overall desire and motivation of people to immigrate to the United States? A. Most immigrants have never been motivated to move to the United States, but did so out of economic or political necessity. B. Immigrants have a wide range of different motivations to move to the United States. C. The large majority of immigrants have been highly motivated to move to the United States for most of their lives. D. The large majority of immigrants expressed that they only became motivated to move to the United States less than five years before actually doing so.

B. Immigrants have a wide range of different motivations to move to the United States.

What happens to children who are LPRs, unmarried, and under the age of 18 when one of their parents becomes naturalized? A. These children are given a visa for a period of one week, but if they do not petition to derive citizenship during this time period, they will be deported. B. In general, these children automatically derive citizenship from their parent. C. Such children are granted long-term visas, which must be renewed every 10 years until they are naturalized. D. In general, these children are automatically deported.

B. In general, these children automatically derive citizenship from their parent.

What is the distinction between interested and disinterested rule-making? A. Interested rule-making includes crimes such as drug use, gambling, and prostitution. Disinterested rule-making includes crimes such as embezzlement. B. Interested rule-making is about privileged groups maintaining their wealth. Disinterested rule-making does not relate to wealth. C. Interested rule-making is about maintaining a safe environment to protect citizens from harm. Disinterested rule-making is about protecting property. D. Interested rule-making includes crimes such as murder and theft. Disinterested rule-making includes crimes such as speeding and child abuse.

B. Interested rule-making is about privileged groups maintaining their wealth. Disinterested rule-making does not relate to wealth.

How is religion related to population trends in a country? A. It is not related at all. B. Religious societies tend to have higher birth rates and families have more children on average than irreligious societies. C. Religious societies have lower birth rates and families tend to have fewer children on average than irreligious societies. D. The availability of abortion in irreligious countries holds down the birth rate.

B. Religious societies tend to have higher birth rates and families have more children on average than irreligious societies.

Which of the following statements is accurate regarding the English fluency of children whose parents have lived as unauthorized immigrants? A. The probability of children ages 8 through 12 being fluent in English is lower for children whose parents have had experience living as unauthorized immigrants than for those whose parents have never been unauthorized. B. The probability of children ages 8 through 12 being fluent in English is higher for children whose parents have had experience living as unauthorized immigrants than for those whose parents have never been unauthorized. C. Due to the difficulty of tracking down unauthorized immigrants, researchers have been unable to conduct this research. D. The probability of children ages 8 through 12 being fluent in English is virtually identical for children whose parents have had experience living as unauthorized immigrants and children whose parents have never been unauthorized.

B. The probability of children ages 8 through 12 being fluent in English is higher for children whose parents have had experience living as unauthorized immigrants than for those whose parents have never been unauthorized.

In a famous social protest, Martin Luther King led a mass boycott of the segregated bus system in Montgomery, Alabama, in 1955 by African Americans in the city. It ended in the integration of that city's buses. Participation in the boycott by African Americans reflected which of the following? A. civil disobedience that would be considered deviant by other African Americans B. a form of civil disobedience that would NOT be considered deviant by other African Americans C. social stigma D. a rejection of societal norms

B. a form of civil disobedience that would NOT be considered deviant by other African Americans

The launch of the Temperance Movement in 1873 occurred when __________. A. government leaders, including President Ulysses Grant, called for Congress to make new laws outlawing alcohol B. a small group of middle-class white women entered a saloon in Ohio, sunk to their knees, and prayed for the souls of the owners that they might stop serving alcohol C. Southern politicians after the Civil War saw it as a way to regain national prominence D. powerful business owners realized their workers were drinking too much

B. a small group of middle-class white women entered a saloon in Ohio, sunk to their knees, and prayed for the souls of the owners that they might stop serving alcohol

The first lesson of dominance and social control is __________. A. from society B. from families C. from nature D. about the satisfaction of rebelling

B. from families

Given what we know about attendance at religious services by generation, attendance at religious services in the future is likely to __________. A. go up as older generations die out and are replaced by younger generations B. go down as older generations die out and are replaced by younger generations C. stay about the same D. go up as people increase their attendance at religious services as they age

B. go down as older generations die out and are replaced by younger generations

The development and interpretation of religious matters by religious leaders is called __________. A. seminary B. theology C. evangelism D. theosophy

B. theology

A person who is seeking to legally relocate temporarily or permanently to a new country will need an authorizing document from the destination country known as a(n) __________. A. passport B. visa C. employee ID card D. driver's license

B. visa

Sally is a sociologist who is interested in studying religiosity in different age cohorts. She plans to conduct a survey that asks a representative sample of Americans about their religiosity. According to the findings of past research on religiosity and age, in which age group would she most likely find the lowest levels of religiosity? A. middle-aged adults around the ages of 45-55 B. young adults around the ages of 18-25 C. younger teenagers around the ages of 13-17 D. elders who are ages 85 and up

B. young adults around the ages of 18-25

Religion is a potent marker of __________. A. the willingness of a society to provide for the poor B. "might versus right" sentiments C. "us versus them" sentiments D. all power to the people beliefs

C. "us versus them" sentiments

Which of the following statements is accurate about the first immigration era? A. Immigration was heavily restricted and based on a growing list of personal characteristics and behaviors. By contrast, naturalization was largely unrestricted. B. Immigration patterns were shaped by the Emergency Quota Act, which did not restrict the type of people who could immigrate but aggressively curtailed the sheer number of immigrants the United States would accept in a given year. C. Immigration was largely unrestricted, but naturalization was limited to "free white persons," a class excluding nonwhites, slaves and indentured servants, and married women. D. Immigration policy was based on recommendations drafted at the Treaty of Versailles, which specified that Japanese persons were only allowed to immigrate to lands west of the Mississippi River.

C. Immigration was largely unrestricted, but naturalization was limited to "free white persons," a class excluding nonwhites, slaves and indentured servants, and married women.

Which of the following is an accurate characterization of the U.S. immigration process? A. Once a parent is granted LPR status, his or her children are always automatically granted LPR status as well. B. All immigrant applicants, irrespective of their country of origin, have an equal chance of being granted LPR status. C. In general, the greater the financial resources of the prospective immigrant and sponsor, the easier the process. D. In general, the United States grants LPR status more quickly to poor people, or as the bronze plaque inside the Statue of Liberty reads, the "poor" and "tired" masses.

C. In general, the greater the financial resources of the prospective immigrant and sponsor, the easier the process.

In the 1990s Ishan became a member of the Hindutva political party. In which country was Ishan most likely living at the time? A. Pakistan B. China C. India D. the United States

C. India

Which of the following is the best definition of a green card? A. It is a government-issued designation for people who are prohibited from boarding aircraft or other forms of mass transportation, except for the purposes of deportation. B. It is an authenticated document verifying that one has completed the process of naturalization and will soon become a citizen of the United States. C. It is a permanent resident card that immigrants must carry with them at all times as evidence of their LPR status. D. It is an official document issued by one's government of origin, certifying the migrant's identity and citizenship and entitling him or her to travel under its protection to and from foreign countries.

C. It is a permanent resident card that immigrants must carry with them at all times as evidence of their LPR status.

What is an example of religious persecution in the United States? A. the Civil War B. World War II internment camps C. Mormons being driven out of upstate New York in the nineteenth century D. a court ruling preventing the posting of the Ten Commandments in a public building

C. Mormons being driven out of upstate New York in the nineteenth century

What did George W. Bush's Council of Economic Advisers conclude was a long-run effect of immigration on government budgets? A. Immigration from Europe and parts of the Caribbean does not impact government budgets, because these immigrants do not rely on government benefits. B. Immigration from other parts of the world are putting a strain on government budgets, because these immigrants receive more in benefits than they contribute in taxes. B. Irrespective of the country of origin, immigrants are putting a growing strain on government budgets by receiving more in benefits than they contribute in taxes. C. On average, immigrants pay more in taxes than they receive in government benefits. D. Since immigrants neither pay taxes nor are eligible for government benefits, immigration has little or no impact on government budgets.

C. On average, immigrants pay more in taxes than they receive in government benefits.

What is one possible reason why people become religious again in their old age? A. They want to fill a spiritual void that grows with age. B. They want to get in touch with the religiosity of their youth. C. People lose friends and spouses and religion may provide a nice social support system. D. They want to set a good example for their children or grandchildren.

C. People lose friends and spouses and religion may provide a nice social support system.

The author of this chapter argues that sociologists should recognize three important factors when studying immigrant assimilation. Which of the following is NOT one of the factors the author lists? A. Recognize that due to the process of self-selection, most immigrants are highly motivated to assimilate. B. Recognize that the idea of assimilation is not viewed by all foreign-born residents as relevant, especially those who do not intend to stay in the host country for a long period of time. C. Recognize that assimilation is a cultural concept that cannot be accurately measured. D. Recognize that the motives to assimilate and process of assimilation are different for LPRs who have family members who were born U.S. citizens and those who do not.

C. Recognize that assimilation is a cultural concept that cannot be accurately measured.

What is the difference between refugee status and asylum status? A. Refugee status is temporary, whereas asylum status is permanent. B. Refugees cannot naturalize, whereas asylum-status immigrants can. C. Refugee status is sought by someone outside the United States, whereas asylum status is for someone already on U.S. soil. D. Refugees can only live in certain states that can accommodate an influx of people, whereas asylum immigrants are free to move anywhere in the United States.

C. Refugee status is sought by someone outside the United States, whereas asylum status is for someone already on U.S. soil.

Why is it hard to tell whether a conflict is predominantly a religious one or about ethnic or class conflicts? A. A conflict such as World War II involves governments (like the Soviet Union) that make religion illegal. B. Religious leaders often try to use ethnic conflicts to motivate people to join their religion. C. The conflict may be between two sides that have different religious traditions but other grievances are also present. D. Religions are supposed to be peaceful, so any war or attack in the name of religion is disingenuous.

C. The conflict may be between two sides that have different religious traditions but other grievances are also present.

Why might America be so religious compared with other industrialized countries? A. Americans are experiencing existential and mid-life crises at a greater rate than any other first-world nation. B. The United States was founded on the separation of church and state, which has allowed religion to maintain its popularity without being entangled with politics. C. There is a history of religious and ethnic diversity in the United States. D. Americans have grown disillusioned with modernization.

C. There is a history of religious and ethnic diversity in the United States.

In order to acquire __________ status, a person must already be in the United States, must prove he or she has a "well-founded fear" of persecution by the government of the country of origin, and show that the persecution is based on some kind of group membership. A. numerically unlimited LPR B. refugee C. asylum D. numerically limited LPR

C. asylum

Which of the following subsets of diversity immigrants have the highest average level of education and highest rates of English fluency? A. Latinos born in Mexico B. Asians born in Singapore C. blacks born in Africa D. Asians born in El Salvador

C. blacks born in Africa

Which of the following is NOT currently one of the formal requirements in the United States for becoming eligible for naturalization? A. a period of time as an LPR B. being physically present in the United States C. having a sponsor D. knowledge of English

C. having a sponsor

When comparing immigrants who live farther from the native-born populations to those who live closer, the ones who live farther tend to experience a degree of assimilation that is __________. A. higher B. identical C. lower D. difficult to measure

C. lower

Which of the following terms is used by social scientists to refer to the special skills and determination brought to a country by migrants, who may be especially motivated to succeed? A. tied mover effect B. the migrant mix C. migrant energy D. push factor

C. migrant energy

Deviance and control always constitute a paired relationship, and it is usually the __________ of a social group who define what is normal and what is deviant. A. new members B. most educated members C. more powerful members D. outsiders

C. more powerful members

Among foreign-born individuals who live in ethnic enclaves, those who expect to stay permanently in the United States are __________ likely to move out of the enclave and __________ likely to invest in learning English than those who expect to stay for a short time. A. more; less B. less; less C. more; more D. less; more

C. more; more

There are signs that religiosity in America is __________ and that religiosity in other parts of the world, such as the Middle East, is __________. A. the same as it has been historically; on the rise B. shifting to non-Christian denominations; on the decline C. on the decline; on the rise D. on the rise; on the decline

C. on the decline; on the rise

"Black sites" in the U.S. government's "war on terror" refer to __________. A. places where the U.S. government used drone strikes to attack B. places where the U.S. government planned the war on terror C. places in foreign countries where people suspected of terrorist activities could be interrogated outside of the reach of U.S. law D. places where legal rights were used by people accused of terrorism to prevent the use of torture

C. places in foreign countries where people suspected of terrorist activities could be interrogated outside of the reach of U.S. law

The secularization hypothesis that was popular among many early sociologists in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries suggested that __________. A. religion is a remarkably stable aspect of societies B. religious authority in society goes up and down depending on other developments in society C. religion was destined to disappear as societies develop and become more modern D. societies would become more secular once communism was defeated

C. religion was destined to disappear as societies develop and become more modern

The process of secularization refers to which of the following? A. the process whereby minority religions become more significant B. the historical process whereby religious conflicts are increasing in number and destructiveness C. the historical process whereby churches have lost social and political power and authority in modern societies D. the process by which individuals become more religious as they age

C. the historical process whereby churches have lost social and political power and authority in modern societies

To buy morphine before 1900, one had to __________. A. go to the doctor and ask for a prescription B. make it from opium C. walk into a pharmacy and purchase it without a prescription D. go to Mexico

C. walk into a pharmacy and purchase it without a prescription

Approximately what percentage of PhD scientists working in the United States were born abroad? A. 5 percent B. 70 percent C. 20 percent D. 40 percent

D. 40 percent

Which of the following statements best represents the norm of engagement in North America? A. It is a common understanding in North America that people should give their minds a rest and sit in silence. B. There are written laws about "no loitering." C. There are laws regarding "an idle mind." D. An unwritten North American rule is to always be engaged with some object or person.

D. An unwritten North American rule is to always be engaged with some object or person.

Which of the following statements is accurate regarding the effect of immigration on the U.S. economy? A. While the immigration of highly skilled workers tends to have a negative impact on natives' income, all other types of immigrants have a positive impact on natives' productivity and income. B. Immigration generally has a negative impact on natives' productivity and income, and the influx of skilled immigrants is likely to be especially detrimental to natives' standard of living. C. Social scientific research has never been able to demonstrate a relationship between immigration and economic outcomes, such as productivity and income. D. Immigration generally has a positive impact on natives' productivity and income, and the influx of skilled immigrants is likely to be especially beneficial to natives.

D. Immigration generally has a positive impact on natives' productivity and income, and the influx of skilled immigrants is likely to be especially beneficial to natives.

How is Chinese syncretism the most complicated of all the major religions? A. Its rituals have not been codified, and therefore are practiced in a myriad of ways. B. Little is known about its origins. C. Its practices are arcane and ornate. D. It combines features of different religions, making it difficult to classify.

D. It combines features of different religions, making it difficult to classify.

Which of the following statements is true about second-generation children? A. While second-generation children do not generally do as well as their parents, they do significantly better than their third- and higher-generation counterparts. B. Second-generation children generally do worse than their third- and higher-generation counterparts, and they even fare worse than their first-generation parents. C. While second-generation children generally do better than their parents, they do not generally do as well as their third- and higher-generation counterparts. D. Second-generation children generally do better than their third- and higher-generation counterparts, and they even do better than their first-generation parents.

D. Second-generation children generally do better than their third- and higher-generation counterparts, and they even do better than their first-generation parents.

What was one of the results of the Immigration Act of May 26, 1924 (also known as the National Origins Act)? A. The government established the Department of Homeland Security to coordinate matters related to immigration with those related to national security. B. New restrictions specified that people would only be allowed to immigrate and naturalize after they proved themselves to be skilled in a trade. C. New restrictions slowed the flow of immigrants from northern European countries. D. The government created the U.S. Border Patrol, with the mission of deterring illegal entries.

D. The government created the U.S. Border Patrol, with the mission of deterring illegal entries.

Which of the following statements is accurate regarding "tied movers" and "tied stayers"? A. Tied movers and tied stayers have a high desire to move. B. Tied movers and tied stayers have a low desire to move. C. Tied movers have a high desire to move and tied stayers have a low desire to move. D. Tied movers have a low desire to move and tied stayers have a high desire to move.

D. Tied movers have a low desire to move and tied stayers have a high desire to move.

Based on research on the 1996 cohort of new legal immigrants, what was the average change in earnings from the immigrants' last jobs abroad to their first jobs in the United States? A. an 84 percent decrease for men and a 29 percent increase for women B. a 44 percent increase for men and no statistically significant change for women C. a 62 percent decrease for men and a 76 percent decrease for women D. a 68 percent increase for men and a 62 percent increase for women

D. a 68 percent increase for men and a 62 percent increase for women

The specific church, temple, or mosque people attend is called the __________. A. parish B. denomination C. community D. congregation

D. congregation

It is common for all individuals to __________ to another religion or denomination over the course of their lifetimes. However, __________ are more likely to convert into one of the "new religious movements." A. transfer; men B. secularize; older cohorts C. pluralize; whites D. convert; women

D. convert; women

Roman Catholics, Baptists, and evangelicals are examples of how different __________ can constitute one religion; in this case __________. A. new religion movements; secularism B. institutions; Buddhism C. theologies; animism D. denominations; Christianity

D. denominations; Christianity

American colonists could be said to have started the tactic of __________ when they devised clever ways of attacking their more powerful enemy, the British Redcoats. A. terrorism B. state deviance C. waterboarding D. guerrilla warfare

D. guerrilla warfare

The Western world's long-term presence in the Middle East may play a role in the increase in religiosity there because __________. A. birth rates in the Middle East are lower than ever B. the United States has brought great diversity to the Middle East C. countries in the Middle East are rapidly becoming more modernized D. religious affiliation reasserts cultural pride

D. religious affiliation reasserts cultural pride

An irreligious person would be most likely to join a new religious movement in order to __________. A. find new friends B. satisfy a curiosity about religion C. stay abreast of religious trends D. satisfy a desire for spiritual connection

D. satisfy a desire for spiritual connection

Which of the following is a measure that captures an individual's schooling, occupation, and income, and is used by sociologists to gauge how well immigrants are assimilating? A. socioeducational status B. assimilation index C. geographic distribution score D. socioeconomic status

D. socioeconomic status

Which of the following could produce social stigma for an individual? A. dressing too elegantly for an informal gathering of friends B. swearing at another driver while driving a car C. earning an MBA D. the loss of one arm and a disfiguring injury to the face in an accident

D. the loss of one arm and a disfiguring injury to the face in an accident

At Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq, photographs of inmates being tortured were released, creating an international uproar. The only people who were punished were low-level military personnel at the prison. This outcome is not surprising because __________. A. senior people in charge are usually made responsible for deviant or criminal actions in an organization B. to criminally charge senior officers or politicians might encourage other groups and nations to engage in terror C. to criminally charge senior officers or politicians would have led to a revolt by the enlisted officers D. to criminally charge senior officers or politicians might suggest the U.S. government was involved in deviant behavior

D. to criminally charge senior officers or politicians might suggest the U.S. government was involved in deviant behavior

Which of the following terms refers to the money and goods sent from a migrant's country of origin in order to assist the migrant in the destination country? A. foreign voucher B. remittance C. zip payment D. transfer

D. transfer