Sociology Exam 3- Ch. 7 Study Guide

The traditional caste system is based on what aspect of life?

birth (whole groups of people are born into, or inherit, a certain strata)

Status within the hierarchy is inherited

caste & slavery & social class

Which of the following is not a major system of stratification? caste prison social class slavery

prison

Upper-middle Class examples

professionals and managers

Intragenerational Mobility: Horizontal

refers to the changing of jobs within a social class: a therapist who shifts careers so that he can teach college experiences horizontal mobility.

Middle Class examples

semi-professionals, lower-level managers, white collar and highly skilled blue collar jobs

Working (lower-middle) Class examples

semiskilled labor, service, manual, and clerical jobs.

Movement through the hierarchy is nearly impossible.

slavery & caste

What factors that have preserved the Indian caste system?

social closure & endogamy

Untouchables

social outcasts

Which social class category is comprised of people who live in poverty conditions and typically earn $15,000 or less per year?

underclass

% of Middle/Lower Middle

30%

% of Upper Class

1%

Horizontal social mobility example

A registered nurse leaves nursing to become a high school teacher.

Intragenerational Mobility: Vertical

is movement up or down the social ladder, and thus is often called upward or downward mobility.

Lateral Social Mobility

is not a term used to describe measurements of mobility.

Disenfranchisement

is the removal of the rights of citizenship through economic, political, or legal means.

Structural Change

led to large-scale changes in social status for many individuals

Working Poor examples

low and unskilled workers, lower-paid manual and service jobs, and seasonal work.

% of Under Class

12%

% of Working Poor

13%

% of Upper Middle

14%

What percent of Americans lived below the poverty line?

14%

Social stratification is a characteristic of society example

Barack Obama was able to become president of the United States even though African Americans are generally lower status than whites in the United States.

Ascending social mobility example

Compared to working as a retail cashier, being a machinist is a step up in both pay and status.

Descending social mobility example

Paramedic work is comparable to police work or firefighting, in terms of credentialing, pay, and prestige.

System primarily based on economics

social class & slavery

What term describes the unequal distribution of wealth, power, or prestige among members of a society?

social inequality

What term describes the division of society into groups arranged in a social hierarchy?

social stratification

Structural Mobility

the changes in the social status of large numbers of people as a result of structural changes in society

Intersectionality

the concept that identifies how different categories of inequality intersect to shape the lives of individuals and groups

True or False: males have the lowest poverty rate

true

True or False: social stratification is present is all societies.

true

Apartheid

was a system of segregation in South Africa in the twentieth century.

Feudal system

was a system of social stratification based on a hereditary nobility who were responsible for and served by a lower stratum of forced laborers called serfs.