Sociology Exam #3
William, a 17-year-old high school student, chooses products in the grocery store by looking at the pictures on the labels of the goods on the shelves because he cannot read many of the words. William would be considered:
" functionally illiterate."
What term refers to legally recognized persons who share many of the rights of an individual as well as act as legal entities by entering into contracts or owning property?
"corporation"
Your textbook calls SARS a
"modern plague."
A corporate strategy to reduce production cost is to lower labor costs. One publicly unfavorable way is to move all or part of the company's operations overseas and use developing world labor to minimize cost. This is referred to as:
"offshoring.
A prominent hypothesis about the effect of family size on children's educational outcomes is the:
"resource dilution model."
The domestic duties that still fall disproportionately on working women's shoulders are labeled by Hochschild (1989) as
"the second shift."
Since 1981, AIDS has killed more than_________people worldwide.
25 million
What might inhibit American teenagers from reaching their maximum growth potential?
A bad diet
What population currently has the highest rate of HIV contraction in the United States?
African American women
Why aren't antibiotics as successful in treating illnesses as they were several years ago?
Bacteria have become resistant to antibiotics.
______________ refers to social class-based skills and resources that people inherit and can use to their advantage.
Cultural capital
Use of the _______________ IV is now required by the insurance industry.
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)
Historically, physicians did not have particularly high prestige, but their power did peak around the 1980s.
Doctors are typically more concerned with the opinion of their peers.
One concern of using technology such as amniocentesis in countries like China and India is:
Fear that they would abort female fetuses.
What did the former United Nations secretary-general Kofi Annan say was one of the most important factors in defeating infectious diseases?
Increasing access to clean water
While the technology and know-how for clean water exists, many countries don't have_______________ to handle these problems.
Infrastructure, funds
What was the result of medical licensing that began in the mid-1800s?
It gave physicians more economic clout.
All of the following is true with regard to bottled water:
It is more expensive than gasoline by volume. People (in taste tests) can't tell the difference between tap and bottled water. The contents of tap water are more heavily regulated than those of bottled water.
_____________ has a corporate code of conduct regarding labor that says that any contractor working with __________ must conform to good labor practices.
Levi Strauss
In much of the Western world, the choice of a marriage partner tends to be influenced by age, education, class, race, and religion. What explains this tendency?
Marrying someone who diverges a great deal from our age, race, social class, and religion is often met with overt or subtle disapproval from others.
Which of the following contributes to increasing rates of heart disease and hypertension in women?
More women are entering high-level, stressful jobs.
________________refers to the likelihood of an individual or group of individuals dying and the social factors that affect that likelihood.
Mortality rate
In the 1950s, which of the following structural functionalists identified the traditional nuclear family model as a functional necessity in modern industrial society?
Parsons
The longevity discrepancy between blacks and whites may be a sign of?
Social inequality.
a psychological process of fear that develops when members of a negatively stereotyped group are placed in a situation in which they may confirm the stereotype.
Stereotype threat
What public health risk do we face if more and more people fail to complete prescribed courses of antibiotics?
The development of antimicrobial-resistant antigens.
What trend is true in the Western world today?
The proportion of women who choose not to have children is on the rise.
What invention first helped doctors examine patients rather than just observe them?
The stethoscope
Which of the following statements most accurately describes the notion of traditional family (stay-at-home mom and working father) in U.S. history?
The traditional family was unique to a particular time in history (1950s) and can really be viewed as an aberration.
What is the reason for the decline in doctors' authority after 1990?
There were many factors, but one was the rising ability of nurse practitioners to treat patients (including prescribing medication).
What is true regarding single-parent families in the United States and worldwide?
They are on the rise in the United States and worldwide.
In about the 1990s, physicians' authority began to decline for several reasons, one of which was that more physicians were associated with HMOs.
This meant that physicians were becoming "workers" rather than heads ("owners") of medical practices.
In the Na culture of China, children grow up with which of the following as male role models?
Uncles
With regard to the effects of families on children's educational outcomes, the following is true:
When a family goes from two to three children, middle children are significantly more affected by the loss of family resources.
What is one reason men have higher mortality rates than women?
Women are more likely to seek medical care.
Know the 5 love languages:
Words of affirmation, Gifts, Acts of service, physical touch, quality time.
A family consisting of a mother, father, and their biological children is known as
a nuclear family.
The type of family structure in which people live together in a multigenerational household is known as
an extended family.
Amy and Raymond live together in an intimate relationship without formal legal or religious sanctioning. This arrangement is known by sociologists as
cohabitation.
Lleras-Muney (2005) found that an extra year of schooling _____________a person's chances of dying by______percentage points in a ten-year period.
decreased , 3.6
Governments must tax and regulate corporations to ensure they
don't pollute, don't take advantage of their workers, don't have unethical business practices, and contribute fairly to society.
When a society has rules that limit marital choices to people within their own social group, such as within their social class or religion, this is known as
endogamy.
Formal or informal rules that require a person to marry outside of the group they belong to is called:
exogamy.
The "drift explanation" of the relationship between health and socioeconomic status states that _____________________________ affect socioeconomic status (SES) so that people who are healthier have an easier time maintaining a high SES.
genetics and biology
The eradication of African river blindness (onchocerciasis) illustrates the connection between ______________________
health and economic development.
One can best equate _________ to vaccines.
homeopathy
What did Mechanic and Meyer find to be the most important factor for patients in rating their doctor?
interpersonal confidence
Married people tend to live_____than unmarried people. It could be that they take__________ of themselves when they have the __________ of a family. It could also be that people who are________ are more likely to get married.
longer , better care , responsibility, healthier
Asians tend to have _________ infant mortality rates than others in the United States.
lower
Some societies allow a person to have several spouses at the same time in an arrangement known as:
polygamy.
FBI consultant Robert Hare claimed that in the pursuit of profits for shareholders, corporations exhibit many of the same traits as:
psychopaths.
Teachers who are told that students are bright tend to expect more from them academically. This is known as
the Pygmalion Effect, self-fulfilling prophecy.
The barter system in villages allowed a peasant to
trade livestock or produce.
