Sociology Exam

A football coach threatens to kick a player off the team unless the player works harder. What kind of power is the football coach wielding ?

Coercive power

What is it called when an individual uses their groups way of doing things as the standard for judging others ?

Ethnocentrism

What kind of leadership style is typically expected of women in contemporary society

Expressive

Only an authorative body or formal institution can impose negative sanctions

False

Our social networks consist of just our closest friends and family.

False

Why does the family hav such a powerful impact as an agent of socialization ?

Family begins the socialization process before there are any other competing influences

Children raised with minimal or no human interaction are referred to as

Feral children

This group is characterized by long term intimate and face to face relationships

Primary groups

Which of the following statements about secondary groups is true?

They tend to be based on specific roles or activities

Culture

is the entire way of life of a group of people, and it acts as a lens theough which we view the world

A cultural group that exists harmoniously within a larger ,dominant culture is called a

subculture

What are people a part of if they associate with each other on a regular basis because they enjoi spending time together ?

A primary group

Which of the following is an example of resocialization

A woman learning basic living skills after a car accident

How should all left handed people in the United States be classified

As a category

This theory argues that punishments for rule violators are unequally distributed , with those near the top of Society subject to more lenient rules and sanctions than those at the bottom

Conflict theory

What is it called when someone has the ability to understand another culture in terms of that cultures own norms and values without reference to any other cultures standards?

Cultural Relativism

Almost any ______ can have stigmatizing effect including a physical disability an addiction nor mental illness

Departure from the norm

What theory of deviance considers the way in which such interpersonal relationships help predict deviant behavior

Differential association

What have scholars called Erving Goffmans ideas , given that impression management relies so much on strategies of performance ?

Dramaturgy

The sociological term for signs people make with their bodies

Gestures

University leaders ignore rumors and complaints about the football coach sexually abusing students in order to uphold the reputation of the universities award winning football program. This action to preserve public image over protecting the safety of students is a result of

Group think

In Los Angeles , you may see cars sporting a bumper sticker that reads , my favorite teams are UCLA and whoever's playing usc. What is this an example of ?

Hostility toward an out group

Each to each a looking glass ,/ reflects the other that doth pass " this line of poetry associated with sociologist Charles cooley , indicates that our sense of self originated in

Interactions with other people

What does the Sapir wharf hypothesis propose?

Language can structure our perception of reality

Designer labels on purses and logos are examples of what

Material Culture

What term did sociologist George Ritzer use to describe the spread of rationalization and bureaucratic ways of operating into everyday life?

McDonaldization

Role conflict occurs when an individual has

Multiple roles that are in conflict with each other

Why is it increasingly difficult to use sociological models that assume interaction involves co-presence

New technology makes it much more common to interact with someone without being physically in the same place

In the United States , imprisonment as a method of punishment was rare until the _______ century

Nineteenth

A woman is hired at a restaurant. She is given instructions on her first day to always wear black pants with a white shirt,to never carry a notepad and to always address customers as sir or madam. All of these things are elements of the waitress's

Personal front

What do sociologist call the norms and values that people actually follow as opposed to the norms that people believe should be followed ?

Real culture

People attend high school class reunions and often compare their own personal and professional successes and failures with those of their former classmates. This means that classmates are a ________ group

Reference group

What do we call groups that are used as standards to evaluate ourselves positively in terms of the qualities we aspire to achieve , or negatively, in terms of the qualities we wish to avoid

Reference groups

A married man in the United States with several mistresses is violating a ________, but he is violating a __________ if he is married to more than one woman at the same time

Set of mores;Law

Which of the following is a factor that can lead to increased group cohesion

Shared values

this person argued that the personality passed through four distinct psychosexual stages of development

Sigmund Freud

Sociologist define the self as

The experience of an individuals personal indetity that is distinct from other people

Some people worry about maintaining a tan . If they do not have time to tan naturally, they sometimes go to a tanning salon or use chemicals to simulate a tan . This might seem bizarre in some cultures , which helps us realize that

The line between beauty and deviance is fluid and changes across time and place

What was the asch experiment measuring

The power of peer pressure

What might a conflict theorist conclude about deviance if an upper middle class white college student is sentenced to rehab for the same drug crime that a lower class black man is sentenced to jail for committing ?

The rules are applied unequally and those with power or influence are punished much less harshly than others

Why are adults unable to be completely socialized

There will always be new situations and roles to learn

A goal of socialization is

To teach norms,values and beliefs

this person proposed social control theory , which suggests that individuality with stronger bonds are less likely to commit a crime

Travis hirschi

Both sides are partially right in the nature vs nurture debate

True

Signs are symbols that stand for or convey an idea

True

Sociologist claim that culture is the lens through which we perceive and evaluate what is going on in the world around us

True

What has most of the sociological literature on deviance traditionally focused on?

crime

Question Imprisonment was a rare type of punishment before the nineteenth century because earlier societies

did not have sufficient resources to operate prisons.

Charismatic authority is unlike either traditional authority or legal-rational authority in that it is rooted in

the personal qualities of a leader.

W.I. Thomas famously argued that "if men define situations as real, then ___"

they are real in their consequences."