sociology final (chapter 10)

France might be classified as which kind of nation? a. Global b. Core c. Semi-peripheral d. Peripheral

Core

In the past, the United States manufactured clothes. Many clothing corporations have shut down their U.S. factories and relocated to China. This is an example of: a. conflict theory b. OECD c. global inequality d. capital flight

capital flight

If a sociologist says that nations evolve toward more advanced technology and more complex industry as their citizens learn cultural values that celebrate hard work and success, she is using _______ theory to study the global economy. a. modernization theory b. dependency theory c. modern dependency theory d. evolutionary dependency theory

modernization theory

Mike, a college student, rents a studio apartment. He cannot afford a television and lives on cheap groceries like dried beans and ramen noodles. Since he does not have a regular job, he does not own a car. Mike is living in: a. global poverty b. absolute poverty c. subjective poverty d. relative poverty

relative poverty

Faith has a full-time job and two children. She has enough money for the basics and can pay her rent each month, but she feels that, with her education and experience, her income should be enough for her family to live much better than they do. Faith is experiencing: a. global poverty b. subjective poverty c. absolute poverty d. relative poverty

subjective poverty

Dependency theorists explain global inequality and global stratification by focusing on the way that: a. core nations and peripheral nations exploit semi-peripheral nations b. semi-peripheral nations exploit core nations c. peripheral nations exploit core nations d. core nations exploit peripheral nations

core nations exploit peripheral nations

A ____________ perspective theorist might find it particularly noteworthy that wealthy corporations improve the quality of life in peripheral nations by providing workers with jobs, pumping money into the local economy, and improving transportation infrastructure. a. functional b. conflict c. feminist d. symbolic interactionist

functional

One flaw in modernization theory is the unwillingness to recognize _________. a. that semi-peripheral nations are incapable of industrializing b. that peripheral nations prevent semi-peripheral nations from entering the global market c. its inherent ethnocentric bias d. the importance of semi-peripheral nations industrializing

its inherent ethnocentric bias

Which continent has the greatest number of impoverished nations in the world? a. Africa b. South America c. Asia d. Middle East

Africa

The World Bank classifies nations as low income, lower middle income, upper middle income, or high income based on gross national income (GNI) that reflects the average annual per-person income in those nations. Why might sociologists find this form of classification problematic? a. Global economic comparisons need to take into account the mode of production in every given nation. b. Making cross-national comparisons of income ignores the role of culture in making some groups used to poverty. c. The number is an average of incomes in a country, and it can mask inequality within a specific nation. d. All of the answers are true about the concerns sociologists have.

The number is an average of incomes in a country, and it can mask inequality within a specific nation.

Child labor and sweatshops have existed since the Industrial Revolution and even before that. Many products sold today are created in these sweatshops, even though, living in the 21st century, we like to think we are above such practices. What is one practical way we can try and stop multinational companies from using such labor? a. We can justify such practices because they are legal in other countries. b. We can trust that our government will make sure that children in other nations are not exploited. c. We can trust that the CEOs and the members of the board of the companies will do the right thing. d. We can be responsible consumers and research products before buying them.

We can be responsible consumers and research products before buying them.

Maya is a twelve-year-old girl living in Thailand. She is homeless, and often does not know where she will sleep or when she will eat. We might say that Maya lives in _________ poverty. a. subjective b. absolute c. relative d. global

absolute

Slavery in the pre-Civil War U.S. South most closely resembled a. chattel slavery b. debt bondage c. relative poverty d. peonage

chattel slavery

A sociologist who focuses on the way that multinational corporations headquartered in core nations exploit the local workers in their peripheral nation factories is using a _________ perspective to understand the global economy. a. functional b. conflict theory c. feminist d. symbolic interactionist

conflict theory

The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) was created by: middle-income nations. a. most Western hemisphere nations. b. third world nations. c. core nations. d. a combination of core and peripheral nations.

core nations.

In a U.S. town, a mining company owns all the stores and most of the houses. It sells goods to the workers at inflated prices, offers house rentals for twice what a mortgage would be, and makes sure to always pay the workers less than needed to cover food and rent. Once the workers are in debt, they have no choice but to continue working for the company, since their skills will not transfer to a new position. This situation most closely resembles: a. child slavery b. chattel slavery c. debt slavery d. servile marriage

debt slavery

Areas that once had vast economic growth and large amounts of industry, but are now suffering from the effects of outsourcing are going through a period of: a. industrialization. b. deindustrialization. c. climate change. d. post-industrialism.

deindustrialization.

If a sociologist points out that core nations dominate the global economy, in part by creating global interest rates and international tariffs that will inevitably favor high-income nations over low-income nations, he is a: a. functionalist b. dependency theorist c. modernization theorist symbolic interactionist

dependency theorist

Haiti ranks near the bottom on the 2015 United Nations Human Development Index. If a sociologist suggests that Haiti's lack of economic development and world status is due to historic exploitation by France and Spain, with which theory is this thinking most closely aligned? a. world systems theory b. neo-liberal theory c. functionalist theory d. dependency theory

dependency theory

Google Inc. has its world headquarters in the state of California and numerous branches in other parts of the United States, South America, Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Middle East. The ability for all of these offices to coordinate toward shared business goals and the worldwide spread of the company are examples of: a. world systems. b. the competition between corporations. c. regionalism. d. globalization.

globalization.

Mary studies countries that were among the first to industrialize. It is likely she is studying _______ countries. a. socialist b. communist c. middle-income d. high-income

high-income

James has been working at a restaurant for a couple years. During this time, he has received numerous positive reviews from customers and his coworkers know they can depend on him during busy periods. However, despite his hard work he is still earning the same hourly wage he was when he was first hired. This wage is so low that James is struggling to pay his bills and afford an apartment. While he is experiencing this financial struggle, he sees many customers drive nice cars to the restaurant and hears stories about how many of his coworkers are taking vacations. James's dissatisfaction with his standard of living is best described as: a. being alienated. b. structural inequality. c. relative poverty. d. absolute poverty.

relative poverty.

One flaw in dependency theory is the unwillingness to recognize _______. a. that previously low-income nations such as China have successfully developed their economies and can no longer be classified as dependent on core nations b. that previously high-income nations such as China have been economically overpowered by low-income nations entering the global marketplace c. that countries such as China are growing more dependent on core nations d. that countries such as China do not necessarily want to be more like core nations

that previously low-income nations such as China have successfully developed their economies and can no longer be classified as dependent on core nations

A sociologist working from a symbolic interaction perspective would: a. study how inequality is created and reproduced b. study how corporations can improve the lives of their low-income workers c. try to understand how companies provide an advantage to high-income nations compared to low-income nations d. want to interview women working in factories to understand how they manage the expectations of their supervisors, make ends meet, and support their households on a day-to-day basis

want to interview women working in factories to understand how they manage the expectations of their supervisors, make ends meet, and support their households on a day-to-day basis

As an example of the progress humanity has made, your roommate Sandra notes that the average income in the world has gone up over the past few decades. What evidence might a sociologist give to contradict her? a. Despite a recent rise in average global income, the average income has fluctuated consistently over the years. b. Despite an earlier rise in average global income, the average income has stagnated globally for the past three decades. c. Sandra is correct so there is no evidence to dispute her. d. Despite a rise in average global income, there is still huge inequality between people in high-income nations and the rest of the world.

Despite a rise in average global income, there is still huge inequality between people in high-income nations and the rest of the world.