Sociology Final Exam

The United States Government is a form of: A bureaucracy A coercive organization A total institution A normative organization

A bureaucracy

The term meritocracy is defined by the text as: A status-based regime in which advancement is unlikely. The removal of personal feelings from a professional situation. The authoritarian devalue of an employee. A bureaucracy where membership and advancement is based on proven and documented skills.

A bureaucracy where membership and advancement is based on proven and documented skills.

Which of the following is NOT an example of organic solidarity? A Ford Motors employee assembling taillights on an assembly line A freelance artist creating a sculpture of Barack Obama A fast-food employee putting burgers into their buns A toll-booth employee collecting toll change

A freelance artist creating a sculpture of Barack Obama

Reliability is defined by the text as: How well the study measures what it was designed to measure. How long a study is expected to remain relevant and influential. How close the study's results come to the experimenter's hypothesis. A measure of a study's consistency that considers how likely results are to be replicated if a study is reproduced.

A measure of a study's consistency that considers how likely results are to be replicated if a study is reproduced

Which social theorist explained the cohesion of society in terms of the division of labor in society? Karl Marx Max Weber Emile Durkheim W.E.B. Dubois

Emile Durkheim

Sociological research is based on which of the following? Opinion Empirical evidence Common sense Experience

Empirical evidence

Despite a decline in customers and several negative reviews on social media and in a local newspaper, a restaurant owner holds fast to their belief that their traditional ethnic menu should remain in place. When the new assistant chef integrates new ingredients into the appetizers, the owner wants to criticize her, but decides that it is better for staff morale and confidence they are supportive of the changes. What type or function of leadership is the owner revealing? Authoritarian Democratic Laissez-faire Expressive

Expressive

According to Max Weber, income only determines social class. True False

False

The concept "reference groups" can be defined as: Groups which consist of people for whom an individual feels great disdain. Groups a person belongs to and feels are an integral part of his or her identity. People who share similar characteristics but who are not connected in any way. Groups to which an individual compares himself or herself.

Groups to which individual compares himself or herself

_____ describes how any action that is repeated frequently becomes cast into a pattern. Institutionalization Habitualization Industrialization Rationalization

Habitualization

Please define C. Wright Mill's sociological imagination. The theory that man evolved slowly over time. The process of analyzing human behavior based solely on statistics. A series of interviews asking subjects about their sleep habits and dreams. How individuals understand their own and others' pasts in relation to history and social structure.

How individuals understand their own and others' pasts in relation to history and social structure

Which of the following is a well written hypothesis: Children with high self esteem may or may not have healthy hygiene habits. Increase in police patrol presence decreases crime rates. Middle school math scores are affected by availability of tutoring. Does the amount of affordable housing affect homeless rates?

Increase in police patrol presence decreases crime rates.

____ believed that societies grew and changed as a result of the struggles of different social classes over the means of production and greatly favored ____. Durkheim; Communism Max Weber; Positivism Karl Marx; Communism Comte; Antipositivism

Karl Marx; Communism

A judge and her gavel. A cop and his gun. A lawyer and her power suit. A ____ would be most concerned with the parts these objects play in impression management. Functionalist Symbolic interactionist Feminist Conflict theorist

Symbolic interactionist

The term institutionalization can be defined as: The idea that society is constructed by us and those before us, and it is followed like a habit. The act of implanting a convention or norm into society. A status a person chooses, such as a level of education or income. Responsibilities and benefits that a person experiences according to their rank and role in society.

The act of implanting a convention or norm into society

Which of the following is NOT an example of a sociological hypothesis? The more study halls students are given during the school day, the worse they perform on their tests. The more CDs Jamilla buys, the less money she has in her bank account The longer an inmate spends in prison, the more difficult it is for him to adapt to the outside world. The more positive reinforcement a parent gives a child, the better they do in school.

The more CDs Jamilla buys, the less money she has in her bank account

Tanya enrolls in a local community college so they can one day become an engineer. Tanya is about to become a member of a: Voluntary organization Paparazzi organization Utilitarian organization Coercive organization

Ulilitarian organization

Becky is researching to find out the state of mental health of students on a college campus. She polls every student that passes by asking them, "How you doing?. She gets consistent answers and is quite satisfied that almost all her respondents answered positively. From a research perspective, the measure has a problem of which one of the following? Reliability Validity Continuity Applicability

Validity

Ramona has a 14-page paper due, has a shift at Walmart tonight, and their babysitter just cancelled. Ramona is experiencing: role conflict role strain role reference role stigma

role conflict

______________ describes how a person expresses their role status indicators role performance role strain role conflict

role performance

A researcher disguises his identity by posing as a health worker to poll people about their health problems. This is an example of violation of code of ethics pharmaceutical offence violation of morality violation of regulation

violation of code of ethics

____ societies relied on permanent tools for survival, and expanded due to innovations such as crop rotation and fertilizer. Industrial Feudal Agricultural Hunter-gatherer

Agricultural

According to Durkheim, which of the following is NOT a social fact? A religious belief A law A custom All of the above are social facts

All of the above are social facts

A total institution can be defined as: A business which offers career advice for federal employees. A group in which the masses have a large influence in decision making. A clear chain of command found in a bureaucracy. An organization in which participants live a controlled lifestyle and in which total resocialization occurs.

An organization in which participants live a controlled lifestyle and in which total resocialization occurs.

Sociological research uses the scientific method. What is the first step of sociological research? Draw conclusions Design and conduct a Study Report Results Ask a question Research existing sources Formulate a hypothesis

Ask a question

Which of the following is an example of role conflict? Derek attends law school and becomes a lawyer, though he dreams of one day becoming the next John Grisham. Becca returns to work after giving birth to her daughter, finding it difficult to act as mother, wife, and executive. Alex takes a sabbatical from his job as a professor of Molecular Biology to raise his two young children. Krista lands a role on Days of Our Lives and begins receiving fan mail from fans across the country.

Becca returns to work after giving birth to her daughter, finding it difficult to act as mother, wife, and executive.

Karl Marx asserted that the means of societal change existed in the tension between: a. The enslaved bourgeois reclaiming power from the controlling proletariat. b. The bourgeois struggling for the allocation of resources amongst themselves. c. The working class proletariat taking the means of production from the wealthy bourgeois. d. The proletariat fighting each other for a position within the bourgeois.

C.

Durkheim defined ______ as the communal beliefs, morals, and attitudes of a society. The iron cage Collective conscience Bourgeoisie Anomie

Collective conscience

Jeremy wrote an essay criticizing the college admissions process, arguing that heavy competition and limited educational resources make admission difficult for the average student. Which perspective would Jeremy's argument fall under? Structural Functionalism Conflict Theory Symbolic Interactionism Behaviorism

Conflict Theory

What approach is often used to understand what's defined as deviant within a society? Criticism Symbolic interactionism Constructivism Antipositivism

Constructivism

Christine is president of her Improvisation Comedy Troupe. When making decisions about booking gigs, rehearsal spaces, and call-times, Christine leaves the troupe to decide for themselves. Christine is a(n) _____ leader. Authoritarian Democratic Laissez-faire Republican

Laissez-faire

We often feel disdain or competition towards a(n) Primary group Secondary group Out-group Reference group

Out-group

A research method that relies on gathering data from direct observation in the field is a ______ Quantitative research Qualitative research Secondary data analysis Content analysis

Qualitative research

Which of the following is not a step in the scientific method? Research existing sources Report results Receive corroboration from the field Formulate a hypothesis

Receive corroboration from the field

Alexis wants to research the 1960's feminist movement. She reads articles from the time period, watches documentaries, reads scholarly journals on the topic, and interviews influential women from the movement. What kind of research method is Alexis using? Ethnography Surveys Experiments Secondary data analysis

Secondary data analysis

In the following research question, identify the dependent variable: How does level of education affect social class? Education Social Class Affect All of these are independent variables

Social Class

_____ view society as a structure with interrelated parts designed to meet the biological and social needs of individuals who make up that society. Symbolic Interactionists Conflict Theorists Structural Functionalists Social Individualists

Structural Functionalist

The notion that society is like an organism whose different parts work together is related with which one of the following theories? Symbolic interactionism Structural functional Feminist perspective Social Conflict

Structural functional

Kyle is collecting newspaper clippings from his grandfather about the American public's perception of World War II. This is an example of ______. a. Tertiary data b. Interactive data c. Primary data d. Secondary data

d. Secondary data

Karl Marx described society in terms of: economics family structure role conflict race and ethnicity

economics