Sociology final

Gentrification is best conceptualized as the influx of boutique coffee shops, craft breweries, and multi-modal transportation systems into a deteriorated part of a city.

False

In socialism, consumers determine what will be produced and what products will cost.

False

In the United States, public schools (K-12) are primarily funded through state and federal income taxes.

False

The human ecological approach to urban growth:

fails to address the influence that real estate developers and government authorities have on urbanization.

Fordism refers to the combination of mass consumption, credit financing, and privatization.

false

The US political system is primarily based on an elective process where a candidate must receive at least half of all votes cast to win an election.

false

The most significant predictor of whether a student will attend college is his/her:

family background

The intent of terrorism is to produce -- in order to obtain --

fear / political objectives

From a functionalist perspective, the teaching of knowledge and skills is best classified as a:

manifest function

When a city has 10 million or more residents, it is a(n)

megacity

In the United States, third parties:

must support the same centrist themes as democrats and republicans to play a role in political affairs

According to conflict theories, part of the hidden curriculum consists of:

obedience to authority

What is the Malthus theorem?

the idea that population grows geometrically and the food supply only increases arithmetically

As explained in the video Two Million Minutes, a key difference between the three nations' educational systems concerns:

the distribution of time allotted to various school and school-related activities

As discussed in lecture, the US political system is best characterized as a pure representative democracy.

False

As outlined in lecture, all racial groups have identical high school graduation rates.

False

Bureaucratic authority and charismatic authority are identical forms of power.

False

Democrats and republicans are classified as non-centrist parties because their political views diametrically oppose each other.

False

Formal education systems have existed throughout all of human history.

False

Framing success has much to do with how credible the frame is, but little to do with the congruence between the frame and the everyday experiences of its targets.

False

Which of the following is a defining feature of neoliberal capitalism, as experienced within the United States?

significant reductions in the individual tax rate

According to the documentary Is Wal-Mart Good For America?, Wal-Mart's low cost model has had a minimal impact on job loss and manufacturing plant shutdowns within local communities.

False

As discussed in lecture, DC's rental laws are best characterized as a form of democratic socialism.

False

Lobbyists heavily influenced the 2017-18 GOP tax legislation, with the education and automotive industries being the prime lobbying groups.

False

Moral panics thrive on certainty, confidence and calm.

False

One of the main characters in "The Square" documentary, Ahmed, eventually relinquishes his protest actions and ultimately supports military rule.

False

Pure forms of capitalism have existed in human history.

False

Rational.-legal authority is vested in the elected officials of the government, rather than traditional or written rules.

False

Standardized tests, like the SAT, only measure intelligence.

False

Super PACs can make unlimited financial contributions directly to political candidates.

False

The inclination to wage war is a universal characteristic common to all human societies.

False

The key to the origin of cities was the development of larger and more powerful militaries.

False

The relationship between weight and place of residence, as discussed in class, is generalizable to the entire United States.

False

The video Two Million Minutes provided a representative sample of cross-national education differences between India, China and the US.

False

Throughout the 20th century, most national governments (including the US) have increased their involvement and regulation of private economic activity.

False

Urban ares tend to vote democratic, but this thesis does not hold true for cities located in the northwestern US.

False

To determine a country's growth rate, what three variables would a demographer use?

Fertility, mortality, migration

Which of the following is a key issue exposed in the film There Goes the Neighborhood?

Gentrification in DC cannot be divorced from issues of race

As reviewed in class, which of the following best characterizes the DC rental housing market?

High-rent units dominate the rental housing market

You are taking an IQ test which will be used to determine your intelligence level. 1st asks you to identify all of the equipment you will need to play the game of shoeball. 2nd asks the rules of the game. 3rd asks you to explain how shoeball is scored and the number of points you need to win the game. Based on this question, what does the test demonstrate?

It has a cultural bias in measuring intelligence

-- solidarity is the unity that people feel as a result of performing the same or similar tasks.

Mechanical

Which of the following statements best characterizes public school funding in the United States?

Public school funding is highly unequal

-- refers to a function of education that funnels people into society's various positions.

Social placement

According to the video Two Million Minutes, American students score higher in which area relative to their international peers?

Self-confidence

The number of children that the average woman bears is known as:

The fertility rate

As discussed during class, which of the following statements is most accurate when examining global population trends?

There is a certain geography to population trends, meaning that all places do not exhibit similar types of growth

"Free riders" are best described as those potential members of a movement who will not lend their energies to the movement but will nonetheless hope that the movement will provide them with benefits they desire.

True

A major critique leveled against the Malthus Theorem is its time specificity.

True

A riot is violent crowd behavior directed at people and property.

True

According to lecture, the classical model of social movements neglects how movements change over time.

True

As argued in the video Two Million Minutes, American students are less motivated than their Chinese and Indian counterparts. This is due primarily to the economic difficulties Chinese and Indian students experience, thus motivating them to achieve high academic proficiency.

True

As examined in There Goes the Neighborhood, gentrifying areas of DC effectively displace African Americans due to the sudden increase in costs of living.

True

Critics of more equitable public school funding suggest equalizing financial resources across school districts will ultimately fail to address academic disparities since the cause of educational deficiencies reside solely within a student's efforts.

True

Grade inflation refers to higher grades for the same work.

True

In the least industrialized nations, the more children a woman bears, the more she is thought to have achieved the purpose for which she was born.

True

In theory, socialists believe that profit is immoral and that capitalists create social inequality and exploit poorly paid workers.

True

The Square documentary exposed that government repression may not be as all-encompassing as the political process model claims it to be.

True

The economic system in the US has both capitalistic and socialistic tendencies.

True

The major difference between super PACs and 501c4 groups is that super PACs are required to disclose their donors, while 501c4 groups do not.

True

The primary critique of the video The Future of Cities is that it failed to address housing issues and costs in any of the cities under examination.

True

Conflict theorists take the position that -- dominates the United States

a rulling class

Potential supporters of a social movement must be persuaded on which of the following components in order to participate in the social movement?

a, b, and c are all correct

According to the pluralist model:

almost all people and almost all organization have at least some political voice

In a capitalist system:

an economic market is based on competition in which people sell goods and services in order to make a profit

Assume a member of the Kodak Corporation's board of directors also serves on the boards of other camera manufacturers, such as Nikon and Fuji. This would illustrate:

an interlocking directorate

Resistance to equitable public school funding is supported by several beliefs about the causes of poverty. In turn, these beliefs lead to the argument that:

because students from impoverished backgrounds are unlikely to benefit from a quality education, funding schools equitably is a waste of taxpayer dollars.

The largest corporations, highest ranking military officials, and certain elite politicians have the power to decide on the country's overarching policies. This statement best reflects which theoretical perspective?

conflict theory

The Rosenthal and Jacobson (1968) experiment, and a good deal of other research, confirms that:

children who are expected to do better generally do better

When people have enjoyed relatively good circumstances in life, and find their states and power declining, they join a social movement to protect their position according to:

declining privilege theory

The DC environmental initiative advocates for a healthy and lively local ecosystem and often battles those who damage the environment. To help their effort, the organization published a newspaper ad claiming that GW is to blame for the severely polluted Potomac River. This example best describes which of the follow framing tasks?

diagnostic framing

According to the documentary, Big Sky, Big Money groups:

do not have to disclose who their donors are but must stick to issues rather than advocate for, or work with, any political candidate

The target of change is -- transnational and metaformative social movements.

global

The gap between rich and poor Americans is

greater than it has been in generations

During state 2 of the demographic transition theory, birth rates are -- and death rates are --.

high / falling

Jack Abramoff's lobbying case illustrates

how representative democracy is corrupted such that the general public does not have democratic oversight of the political system

The main criticism of capitalism is that it

leads to social inequality

The documentary "The Square" suggests that social movements:

often experience successes and failures throughout their existence

In its 2010 ruling, Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission, The Supreme Court:

opened the floodgate to corporate contributions of money to political candidates

Since the earth is so productive, why do people today die of hunger?

particular places on earth lack food

As stated in lecture, population growth is -- associated with carbon dioxide emissions.

positively

Nicola lives in Greece and is a representative of the Greenpact party. In the last election, the Greenpact party won 15 % of the vote and was awarded 15 % of the seats in Greek parliament. This form of government is a:

proportional representation system

Which of the following is a latent function of schooling?

provides child care for working parents

Wal-Mart has had a significant impact on the retail distribution model, in effect, forcing manufacturers to produce particular products at specific prices. This dynamic is best classified as a:

pull production system

Cheryl strongly believes in animal rights and joined an organization that wants to reform the ways in which society views and treats animals. The type of social movement Cheryl is part of is a:

reformative social movement

Hunting and gathering societies had an - economy, living off the land and with little or no surplus.

subsistence

As discussed in the film Is Wal-Mart good for America? an opening price point refers to

the cheapest product in a product line displayed in such a way that lures customers to the entire product line/aisle

The efforts people make to minimize their costs and maximize their rewards is referred to as:

the minimax strategy

Clean water for all, a social movement seeking to provide all humans with easy access to clean water, has well over 6 million members worldwide and raises about 70million in funds annually. According to resource mobilization theory, which of the following best characterizes clean water for all?

the social movement is less likely to succeed since it is experiencing various elements of disagreements.

As stated in lecture, capitalism and socialism privilege different conceptions of rights.

true

In the United States, people with high incomes are more likely to vote than those with low incomes.

true