Sociology Final

Identify a situation in which our society considers killing to be a deviant behavior. Identify a situation in which it would not be considered deviant behavior. Selected Answer:

A situation in which society considers killing to be a deviant behavior is when someone murders another person. A situation in which killing is not a deviant behavior, is when a police officer or soldier kills someone to protect others. Response Feedback: Okay Killing in anger or killing someone who is not threatening anyone's safety is generally considered deviant. Killing may be socially acceptable in war and in cases of self-defense.

social institution

A system of statuses, roles, values, and norms that is organized to satisfy one or more of the basic needs of society

How is absolute poverty different from relative poverty? Selected Answer:

Absolute poverty is when a person does not have enough money to by food or necessities. Relative poverty is when, based on their surroundings, a person appears or is considered poor. Response Feedback: Okay. Relative poverty refers to having significantly fewer resources than the average person in your society whereas absolute poverty refers to not having enough food or a safe place to live. In the United States, a person can suffer from relative poverty and still have those items necessary for survival, such as food and a home.

1 culture (Essay)

Culture consists of knowledge, values, customs and physical objects that are shared by members of a society/society as the people who interact in such a way as to share a common culture. The cultural bond may be ethnic or racial, based on gender, or due to shared beliefs, values, and activities.

Explain the difference between culture and society.

Culture is the beliefs, behaviors, and values shared by a group. A society is a large group of people who share a similar culture. Response Feedback: Okay. Culture consists of knowledge, values, customs and physical objects that are shared by members of a society. The society must inhabit a specific territory.

Because young people have no status in society, only adults can experience role strain

False

Cultural transmission theory holds that some people are deviant because it is part of their nature.

False

Deviance is easy to identify

False

In order to dominate someone, you must have that person's cooperation.

False

People who are blind are members of an ethnic minority.

False

People who live in poverty may not have any ascribed statuses.

False

The members of ethnic minorities can be recognized by their physical appearance.

False

Assume that you have joined a new club at school. Why might you want to learn about the social structure of the group? Selected Answer:

I might learn about the social structure of the group to find out whether the group is primary, secondary, formal, or informal. I might also see who has the power and what roles other group members have.

List and describe three rules for conducting ethical research. Selected Answer:

Okay. Rules for conducting ethical research include: show objectivity; use superior research standards; report findings and methods truthfully; and protect the rights, privacy, integrity, dignity, and freedom of research subjects.

Using specific examples, define primary and secondary groups. Contrast their respective functions. Selected Answer:

Primary groups are small groups where relationships are long and personal. An example of this is a family. Secondary groups are groups were relationships are temporary and impersonal. An example of this is a factory. A primary group's function is to provide face to face, personal interactions between its members and establish a support group. An example of this is a family supporting is members in times of need and allowing them to interact with each other on a personal basis. A secondary group's function is to accomplish a goal. An example of this is a factory and its goal of making 50,000 bricks. Response Feedback: Good answer. Primary groups: members are emotionally close, know each other well, and seek out each other's company. These groups provide the following functions: emotional support, socialization, encourage conformity. Examples: family and/or relatives, close friends/best friends, neighbors, churches. These groups emphasize the "we" feeling. They are intimate, personal, caring, and fulfilling. Secondary groups are impersonal, goal-oriented, designed for a specific purpose; emphasize the "us" feeling; don't comprise a significant part of one's life; dissolve when goal is met. Examples: Girl/Boy Scouts, football team, corporations, clerk and customer, dentist and patient, school counselor and student, bureaucracy, U.S. military

Compare and contrast the concepts of race and ethnicity. Selected Answer:

Race and Ethnicity are similar, because they both divide society into groups. However, Race divides people into groups based on their physical features or appearance. Ethnicity divides people into groups based on their believes. Response Feedback: Okay. Race is a category of people who share observable physical characteristics and whom others see as being a distinct group. For sociologists, the important issue is not that a person has a specific color of skin or hair of a certain texture. Rather, sociologists are concerned with how people react to these physical characteristics and how these reactions affect individuals in society. Ethnicity is a social category based on a set of cultural characteristics, not physical traits.

relative poverty

Relative poverty refers to having significantly fewer resources than the average person in your society. In the United States, a person can suffer from relative poverty and still have those items necessary for survival, such as food and a home.

Which of the following is NOT true concerning the FBI's Uniform Crime Reports?

Selected Answer: Crimes are more likely reported if the victim is related to the assailant.

For what reasons do older people join organizations such as the American Association of Retired Persons?

Selected Answer: Elderly people join these organizations to strengthen their political power and to fight for things they want; these could include social security and government Medicare. They also join them because organizations like AARP offer health insurance plans and other benefits for joining them. Response Feedback: Okay. These groups provide support and social and political strength. By banding together, older people can lobby for the passage of legislation that makes their lives more equitable with members of other age groups.

Why do you think Asian Americans have been more successful at assimilating into U.S. society than African Americans or Latinos?

Selected Answer: I think that Asian Americans have had more success at assimilating into American Society because they share the same values, like the need for education. They also began to immigrate to the US only 150 years ago, at the beginning of the fight for equality. So, they were not treated as bad and as brutally as African Americans. This discouraged some racial tensions that could have been began if they had immigrated earlier. Response Feedback: Okay. Asian Americans do not have the same long history of discrimination as African Americans. In addition, Asian Americans have used the route of obtaining a good education to get ahead, a method that is widely accepted by most people.

Consider this statement: "The United States has an open-class system." Do you think this statement is true of false? Give reasons for your answer.

Selected Answer: I think that this statement is true. I think that the US is an open class system, because it allows for movement up and down social classes. When it is compared to India's caste system, America's system looks very open. India's caste system allows practically no movement between castes. There, you inherited a social class and have to stay with in the social class. In America, it is much different. There, you are able to move freely up and down social classes as you please. Two prime examples of this are Ashton Kutcher and Steve Jobs. Ashton Kutcher began working in a restaurant washing dishes; now he makes movies and TV shows. Steve Jobs was a college drop out who co-founded Apple, NExt, and Pixar. Both of these men demonstrate the vertical movement. They moved from low prestige, low paying jobs to high income, high prestige jobs. This illustrates the open class system in America; the ability to move from rags to riches. Response Feedback: Okay. When compared with other societies, the United States provides a considerable amount of mobility for individuals with the needed skills and the ability to work hard.

Define socialization. Include and discuss examples of its significance and importance to American culture.

Selected Answer: Socialization is the act of learning social norms and behaviors. Examples of socialization would be family, school, media, and peer groups. The family is the main socializing agent of young children. The parents and close family try to set examples for the youth. They may teach them to be polite to others. In school, a person is taught how to interact with others through group activities and how to reason through logic. Schools will also teach children about norms, mores, and how to follow them. Peer groups also teach individuals how to treat others and may teach them other behaviors. These other behaviors may counter with society and the peer group could form a counterculture. Finally, media is another example of socialization. This is especially relevant to American Culture. Media does not provide for face to face group contact. Instead, it allows people to interact virtually, and allow them to read and view articles and videos of various contents. The media could help and hinder socialization. It could help socialization by providing a place where people could interact with each other and gain information. It could hinder socialization by providing an artificial place where a person feels no consequences for their actions. This could cause a person not to treat others with respect. These examples are important to American culture, because they are the ways that American youths are socialized. The Family is an intricate part of the American social structure and provides for most of the socialization. Schools are also an important part of America; public schools have existed in this country for over 150 years. Public schools help to socialize American youth and provide them with knowledge of logic and norms. Media use is huge in the United States, and for teen, it does provide a lot of socialization. It tells them about how other teens dress, look, or act. Peer groups help American youths learn how to interact with others and how teens of the day or in the peer group act. Response Feedback: Good answer. Socialization is a general process of learning social norms of culture or learning to participate in group life beginning at birth and continuing throughout life; assists in infant developing personality (attitudes, beliefs, values, and behaviors); rewards for acceptable behaviors; development of social skills; development of self-esteem; gender behavior; how we learn our culture; learning of social norms, expected behaviors; social isolation affects physical, emotional, and intellectual (mental) growth. Without learning what's acceptable in the society in which one lives, chaos will result. Folkways, mores, and laws will more than likely be broken.

Most U.S. families are democratic. What does this mean? List an advantage and a disadvantage of the democratic family.

Selected Answer: This means that the husband and wife share responsibilities and the decision making. The advantages are that the choirs and other responsibilities take less time to complete, and decisions are what the two of them agree on, making it more neutral and likable to the whole family. A disadvantage of it is that the sharing in the decision making could lead to fighting. Response Feedback: Okay. In democratic families, the husband and wife share obligations and decision-making responsibilities.

How is tracking related to the concept of a self-fulfilling prophecy?

Selected Answer: Tracking is the testing of students to decide what path or track to put them on through high school and college and to a career that they show signs of being good at. So, tracking is related to self-fulfilling prophecy, because if a student is put on a slow or easy track, they may only work to the teacher's and school's expectations and never live up to their potential or prophecy. Response Feedback: Okay. Students tend to live up to the expectations that teachers have of them. So, if they are placed in a slower track, they may not be challenged to reach their potential.

Some behaviors are illegal for juveniles but not for adults. List two such behaviors. Why do you think society has decided to make these behaviors illegal for juveniles but not for adults?

Selected Answer: Two behaviors that are illegal for juveniles, but not adults are drinking (Alcohol) and voting. I think these are illegal for juveniles but not adults, because adults have more responsibility. They know when it is time to stop drinking and what candidates are best for office. Juveniles are more irresponsible and will drink to get drunk. They are also more easily persuaded by others to vote for certain candidates. Response Feedback: Okay. Being required to attend school until a certain age is another example. Society treats children different from adults because children are seen as being more vulnerable to negative influences and requiring more protection than adults.

Assume that police in one black lower-class neighborhood do not pursue burglary investigations as vigorously as the police in a nearby white affluent suburb. Which of the following is the most likely reason for this fact?

Selected Answer: racial profiling

According to sociologists, which of the following is NOT a minority in the United States today?

Selected Answer: Americans of English ancestry

Which of the following best describes the functionalist perspective of prejudice and discrimination? .

Selected Answer: Because the dominant group feels superior to the minority, its members' self-concepts are strengthened

Which of the following statements best expresses the beliefs of most sociologists regarding gender differences?

Selected Answer: Both biology and culture are responsible for gender differences.

Which of the following best describes the symbolic interactionist view of gender?

Selected Answer: Children acquire their gender identity by interacting with the world around them, including parents, teachers, and peers.

Which of the following best describes how social class is related to social stratification?

Selected Answer: Each layer of social stratification constitutes a social class.

____ emphasizes the contributions of each part of society and how these parts work together to create a unified whole.

Selected Answer: Functionalism

Which of the following best describes the sociological perspective?

Selected Answer: It focuses on people at a group level.

Consider the expression: "You can't teach an old dog new tricks." Which of the following best describes this statement?

Selected Answer: It is an example of ageism.

Primary relationships are more likely to develop if the size of the group is small. What is the main reason for this fact?

Selected Answer: It is easier to know individuals well when you are in a small group rather than in a large one.

Which of the following is NOT true of postindustrial societies?

Selected Answer: More people work in blue-collar jobs than in white-collar jobs.

Which of the following is NOT true of prestige?

Selected Answer: Only the working class is interested in obtaining prestige.

____ emphasize that people can communicate because they share words, gestures, and physical objects that have similar meanings to all of them.

Selected Answer: Symbolic interactionists

Assume that most members of a particular society believe everyone should have the same opportunities regardless of their race. However, in reality, many people discriminate against members of minority groups. Which of the following best describes this situation?

Selected Answer: The actual culture is different than the ideal culture.

Which of the following is NOT necessary when determining a causal relationship between two variables?

Selected Answer: The research must be based on entire populations, not just representative samples

Which of the following best describes the functionalist view of gender?

Selected Answer: The traditional division of responsibilities between men and women exists because it has benefited society.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of members of a group?

Selected Answer: They all have the same social status.

Younger children learn deviant behavior more quickly than adults.

Selected Answer: True

Which of the following people is LEAST likely to live in poverty in the United States today?

Selected Answer: a 30-year-old white man

A plumber has stolen thousands of dollars from individuals by installing substandard plumbing fixtures. The judge says that the plumber must pay for new fixtures for these people's homes as retribution. This is an example of

Selected Answer: a correction.

Which of the following would NOT be considered part of a person's wealth?

Selected Answer: a paycheck he will receive next Friday

Which of the following is NOT an example of a total institution?

Selected Answer: a public school

Steve tells his friend Tom that he should go out for track because Tom is an African American and Steve believes this group of people can run faster than others. This is an example of

Selected Answer: a stereotype.

Students in George's sixth-grade class avoid him because they know his father is in prison for auto theft. This is an example of

Selected Answer: a stigma.

A researcher sends you a form to fill out concerning your favorite movies. This is an example of

Selected Answer: a survey.

A bureaucracy is an example of a formal organization because

Selected Answer: bureaucracies are deliberately created to reach long-term goals.

A bureaucracy is an example of a formal organization because

Selected Answer: bureaucracies are deliberately created with a ranked authority structure to reach long-term goals.

Which of the following is a way that a total institution typically desocializes members of a group?

Selected Answer: by requiring that they all dress alike

The following are all categories of research design except:

Selected Answer: correlation

The following are all parts of the scientific method except:

Selected Answer: create a problem

Which of the following is an example of the nonmaterial aspect of culture?

Selected Answer: family relationships

The most important and influential agent of socialization for a young individual is

Selected Answer: family.

A seven-year-old girl's mother encourages her to care for her infant cousin when the baby comes to visit. However, her nine-year-old brother goes outside to play with friends. This is an example of

Selected Answer: gender socialization.

Several members of a little league team begin wearing their baseball caps backwards and soon the entire team is following this style. This is an example of

Selected Answer: group conformity.

Many developing countries

Selected Answer: have only an upper class and a lower class.

Which of the following probably would NOT be a significant other in the life of a four-year-old girl living in a two-parent home?

Selected Answer: her mother's boss

In the United States, most women were denied the right to vote before 1920. This is an example of

Selected Answer: institutionalized discrimination

A factory worker's son earns his way through college and eventually becomes a sociology professor. This is an example of

Selected Answer: intergenerational mobility.

Conflict theory states that

Selected Answer: it is to men's advantage to keep women from having political, economic, and social power.

An important characteristic of a minority is that

Selected Answer: it must be dominated by the majority.

The system of Apartheid in South Africa is an example of

Selected Answer: legal discrimination.

People who ____ do not earn even enough money to pay for their food and a safe place to live.

Selected Answer: live in absolute poverty

Which of the following people would most likely be a member of the working poor?

Selected Answer: man with few marketable skills who comes from a family in which people typically worked only enough to get by

Assume that a researcher has determined that the more hours a student works at a job, the lower his grades will be. This is an example of

Selected Answer: negative correlation.

Carlos's first-grade teacher is teaching him that he should speak in class only after raising his hand and being acknowledged. This rule is an example of a

Selected Answer: norm.

Sociobiologists believe that

Selected Answer: our behavior is largely based on genetics.

A position such as being a high-school teacher is likely to have more ____ than ____.

Selected Answer: prestige; money

Marie's best friend lives across the street from her and they spend most of their free time together. This is an example of a

Selected Answer: primary relationship.

Which of the following is an example of a positive social sanction?

Selected Answer: receiving a promotion at work for completing a project ahead of schedule

A person is in jail for burglary. Two weeks after he is released, he begins burglarizing homes again and is soon back in prison. This is an example of

Selected Answer: recidivism.

A ____ is made up of those people to whom we look to establish values and attitudes and whom we use to elevate ourselves.

Selected Answer: reference group

A young high-school dropout is sent to prison for repeated car theft. While in prison, the individual is helped in obtaining his high-school equivalency degree to increase his chances of getting a good job when he is released. This is an example of

Selected Answer: rehabilitation.

When the time you spend working at a fast-food restaurant causes you to do poorly on an American history test, you are experiencing

Selected Answer: role conflict.

Many of the residents of a small town have joined together to create a neighborhood park. This collection of people is an example of a

Selected Answer: secondary group.

In the 1800s, some schools had rules that female teachers had to be unmarried because most people believed that married women should stay home and take care of their families. However, no such rules applied to men in their work. This is an example of

Selected Answer: sexism.

The most distinguishing characteristic of a caste system is that

Selected Answer: social status is inherited and cannot be changed.

Which of the following research methods would be most useful if a sociologist wanted to find out the political views of 1,000 people?

Selected Answer: survey

You want to conduct research on the importance of teenagers taking driver's education. Before you begin collecting data, you write down the following: Teenagers who have taken driver's education will have fewer accidents in their first two years of driving than teenagers who have not taken driver's education. What would the independent variable be?

Selected Answer: taking driver's education

According to ____, the people with the most power are seen as the most valuable to society.

Selected Answer: the conflict perspective

Which of the following best describes the term gray voting bloc?

Selected Answer: the increasing political power of the elderly

Which of the following is an example of a society?

Selected Answer: the inhabitants of Israel

A child learns how to behave within her family by watching how her parents judge her behavior and then judging herself accordingly. Charles Horton Cooley called this process

Selected Answer: the looking-glass self.

Social control refers to

Selected Answer: the methods a society uses to promote order and stability.

You want to conduct research on the importance of teenagers taking driver's education. Before you begin collecting data, you write down the following: Teenagers who have taken driver's education will have fewer accidents in their first two years of driving than teenagers who have not taken driver's education. What would the dependent variable be?

Selected Answer: the number of accidents the driver had

Aman is graduating from college and realizing that his decisions in life are distinctively different from his family and friends. This is an example of

Selected Answer: the self.

Socialization begins at birth and continues

Selected Answer: throughout life.

In the United States, most people believe that every citizen should vote in elections. This is an example of a(n)

Selected Answer: value.

After attending night school for five years, Sondra moves from a job as a warehouse worker to a job as a bank executive. This is most likely an example of

Selected Answer: vertical mobility.

When you add up all the economic resources a person has, such as her savings, home, personal property, etc., you have determined that person's

Selected Answer: wealth.

A computer operator figures out a way to steal from the bank where he works by sending money to a secret account. This is an example of.

Selected Answer: white-collar crime.

1 society (Essay)

The society must inhabit a specific territory/as the people who interact in such a way as to share a common culture.

Americans live in a postindustrial society

True

Groupthink can lead to conformity that has seriously negative results.

True

One difference between a group and a social category is that the members of a group must interact with one another while those in a social category need not.

True

Societies and groups frequently use social sanctions to exert external social control.

True

Teenagers who engage in primary deviance frequently are never caught by authorities

True

Volleyball player, band member and girlfriend at all examples of achieved status.

True

cultural relativism

a belief that cultures should be judged by their own standards

1 resocialization (Essay)

a break with past experiences and the learning of new values and norms/is the process by which existing social roles are radically altered or replaced. Roles such as spouse, parent, widow, prison inmate, and employee, for example, all involve a kind of resocialization. Erving Goffman defined resocialization as a process of tearing down and rebuilding an individual's role and socially constructed sense of self.

wealth

a combination of an individual's assets- the value of everything the person owns- and income- money earned through salaries and investments

1 socialization (Essay)

a continuing process whereby an individual acquires a personal identity and learns the norms, values, behavior, and social skills appropriate to his or her social position.

discrimination

a denial of equal treatment to individuals based on their group membership

nuclear family

a family form that consist of one or both parents and their children

extended family

a family form that consists of three or more generations of a family shared the same residence

secondary group

a group in which interaction is impersonal and temporary in nature

minority

a group of people who are singled out and unequally treated because of their physical characteristics or cultural practices

family of procreation

a nuclear family consisting of an individual, his or her spouse, and their children

family of orientation

a nuclear family into which a person is born or adopted

ethnicity

a set of cultural characteristics that distinguishes one group from another group.

group

a set of two or more people who interact on the basis of shared expectations and who possess some degree of common identity

role strain

a situation that occurs when a person has difficulty meeting the expectations of a single status

role conflict

a situation that occurs when fulfilling the expectations of one status makes it difficult to fulfill the expectations of another status

primary group

a small group of people who interact over a relatively long period of time on a direct and personal basis

Match each statement with the correct item below. Question Selected Match a society's belief that it is important to be successful the feeling of extreme self-centeredness religious rituals such as funeral rites consists of knowledge, customs, and physical objects shared by a group a belief that cultures should be judged by their own standards members of a hate group E. cultural universal A. narcissism F. cultural relativism D. value B. counterculture C. culture

a society's belief that it is important to be successful D. value the feeling of extreme self-centeredness A. narcissism religious rituals such as funeral rites E. cultural universal consists of knowledge, customs, and physical objects shared by a group C. culture a belief that cultures should be judged by their own standards F. cultural relativism members of a hate group B. counterculture

achieved status

a status acquired by an individual on the basis of some special skill, knowledge, or ability

ascribed status

a status assigned according to standards that are beyond a person's control. Age, sex, family heritage, and race are examples of ascribed statuses.

language

a system of verbal and sometimes written representations that are culturally specific and convey meaning about the world.

symbolic interactionist perspective

a theoretical perspective that focuses on how individuals interact with one another in society/ interaction among people that takes place through the use of symbols

conflict perspective

a theoretical perspective that focuses on those forces in society that promotes competition and change

functionalism (functionalist perspective)

a theoretical perspective that views society as a set of interrelated parts that work together to produce a stable society system.

sociological perspective

a viewing of the behavior of groups in a systematic way

absolute poverty

absolute poverty refers to not having enough food or a safe place to live.

prejudice

an unsupported generalization about a category of people

symbols

anything that stands for something else and has a shared meaning attached to it, such as language, gestures, images, sounds, physical objects, events and elements of the natural worlds that convey a particular meaning.

real culture

can be easily defined as a society's actual behaviors; the way a culture really is. It's a society's actual norms, what really is going on in everyday life.

cultural universals

common features that are found in all human cultures

Match each item with the correct statement below. Question Selected Match conformity coercion conflict secondary relationship social exchange cooperation E. Pat's parents telling her she can keep her job only if she raises her grade point average to 3.0 B. helping a classmate study for an algebra test in return for his or her loan of a car for Saturday night A. cutting your hair short because that's how your friends wear their hair F. a person's interactions with a store clerk D. fighting with your brother over how you should split the money both of you earned raking leaves C. club members having a car wash to raise money for cancer research

conformity A. cutting your hair short because that's how your friends wear their hair coercion E. Pat's parents telling her she can keep her job only if she raises her grade point average to 3.0 conflict D. fighting with your brother over how you should split the money both of you earned raking leaves secondary relationship F. a person's interactions with a store clerk social exchange B. helping a classmate study for an algebra test in return for his or her loan of a car for Saturday night cooperation C. club members having a car wash to raise money for cancer research

the feminization of poverty

describes a phenomenon in which women represent a disproportionate percentage of the world's poor. This trend is not only a consequence of lack of income, but also of lack of opportunities due to gender biases and fixed gender roles in some societies.

Match each item with the correct statement. Question Selected Match differential association theory conformity strain theory control theory labeling theory E. refers to accepting the goals of a society and the socially approved means for reaching them. B states that conformity to social norms depends on the presence of strong bonds between individuals and society A. lists five major ways that individuals respond to strain D. says that primary groups have an important role in transmitting deviance C. states that deviance is relative

differential association theory D. says that primary groups have an important role in transmitting deviance conformity E. refers to accepting the goals of a society and the socially approved means for reaching them strain theory A. lists five major ways that individuals respond to strain control theory B. states that conformity to social norms depends on the presence of strong bonds between individuals and society labeling theory C. states that deviance is relative

Which of the following is NOT an example of a symbol?

eating when you are hungry

Janice believes that her culture from the Netherlands is the best. This is an example of

ethnocentrism.

Match each item with the correct statement. Question Selected Match exogamy polygamy homogamy heterogamy endogamy B. a marriage with multiple partners A. exists when marriage partners are different in some significant way, such as having different religions or being of different races D. exists when marriage partners have built similar social characteristics E. requires that a person marry outside of his or her own group C. requires that an individual select a mate within his or her own group

exogamy E. requires that a person marry outside of his or her own group polygamy B. a marriage with multiple partners homogamy D. exists when marriage partners have built similar social characteristics heterogamy A. exists when marriage partners are different in some significant way, such as having different religions or being of different races endogamy C. requires that an individual select a mate within his or her own group

genocide

extermination aimed at intentionally destroying an entire targeted population

Assume that Michael's teacher has a rule that if a student talks out-of-turn three times in one day, that student must stay in for recess for the rest of the week. By breaking the rules he has violated a

folkway

Assume that 92% of all registered nurses are women, but very few women are Chiefs of Staff of hospitals. Which of the following best describes this situation?

glass ceiling

causation

is a belief that events occur in predictable ways and that one event leads to another.[1] If the relationship between the variables is non-spurious (there is not a third variable causing the effect), the temporal order is in line (cause before effect), and the study is longitudinal, it may be deduced that it is a causal relationship.

"melting pot"

is a concept referring to a heterogeneous society becoming more homogenous with the different elements "melting together" into a harmonious whole with a common culture. In is most commonly used to describe the assimilation of immigrants to the United States. This term is often challenged, however, by those who assert that cultural differences within a society are valuable and should be preserved. An alternative metaphor, therefore, is salad bowl or mosaic, describing how different cultures mix, but still remain distinct.

ideal culture

is seen as the standards a society would like to uphold or embrace. It's the value system that a society would like to uphold. Using one of our vocab words, it's the norms they ideally would like to have. Simply put, it's what a society aspires to be!

Match each item with the correct statement. Question Selected Match meritocracy traditional school magnet school for-profit school charter school E. a bureaucratic form of education that has a set curriculum D. a school that is supported by public money but is run using modern business practices A. examples might include schools that specialize in teaching, drama, science, or music B. social status is based on ability and achievement C. a public

meritocracy B. social status is based on ability and achievement traditional school E. a bureaucratic form of education that has a set curriculum magnet school A. examples might include schools that specialize in teaching, drama, science, or music for-profit school D. a school that is supported by public money but is run using modern business practices charter school C. a public

Lisa cheats when playing checkers. Cheating is a violation of a(n)

mores

Carlos's first-grade teacher is teaching him that he should speak in class only after raising his hand and being acknowledged. This rule is an example of a

norm.

Match each item with the correct statement. Question Selected Match pastoral society industrial society agricultural society horticultural society postindustrial society hunting and gathering society D. subsists by manual farming, without the aid of equipment or animals F. basic goods and services are produced with the aid of science and technology A. subsists primarily by growing food with the help of plows and animals B. most people have service-related jobs C. subsists primarily by raising animals E. survives by hunting animals and gathering naturally growing fruits and vegetables

pastoral society C. subsists primarily by raising animals industrial society F. basic goods and services are produced with the aid of science and technology agricultural society A. subsists primarily by growing food with the help of plows and animals horticultural society D. subsists by manual farming, without the aid of equipment or animals postindustrial society B. most people have service-related jobs hunting and gathering society E. survives by hunting animals and gathering naturally growing fruits and vegetables

1 functions of the family (Essay)

processes by which the family operates as a whole, including communication and manipulation of the environment for problem solving/ regulation of sexual activity, reproduction, socialization, and economic and emotional security

values

shared beliefs about what is good or bad, right or wrong, desirable or undesirable

norms

shared rules of conduct that tell people how to act in specific situations

power

the ability to control the behavior of others, with or without their consent

gender

the behavioral and psychological traits considered appropriate for men and women

ageism

the belief that one age category is by nature superior to another age category

sexism

the belief that one sex is by nature superior to the other

race

the category of people who share inherited physical characteristics and who are perceived by others as being a distinct group

socialization

the interactive process through which people learn the basic skills, values, beliefs, and behavior patterns of a society.

gray power

the organized influence exerted by elderly people as a group, especially for social or political purposes or ends.

1 desocializtion (Essay)

the process of breaking down pervious socialization and resocializing a person toward new norms and values through careful control of the environment

Match each statement with the correct item. Question Selected Match the process of influencing others as we relate to them it is not earned or acquired, but assigned to us an expected behavior that is associated with a particular status it is either earned or chosen it is important because it influences most aspects of our lives an underlying pattern of social relationships E. social interaction A. master status B. ascribed status F. achived status D. social structure C. role

the process of influencing others as we relate to them E. social interaction it is not earned or acquired, but assigned to us B. ascribed status an expected behavior that is associated with a particular status C. role it is either earned or chosen F. achived status it is important because it influences most aspects of our lives A. master status an underlying pattern of social relationships D. social structure

prestige

the respect, honor, recognition, or courtesy an individual receives from other members of society

ethnocentrism

the tendency to view one's own culture and group as superior to all other cultures and groups

Statistics show that the criminal justice system treats members of minority groups more harshly than whites.

true

Which of the following is not an example of a cultural universal?

women having primary responsibility for child care