Sociology Mid-Term

To study the effects of fast food on lifestyle, health, and culture, from which group would a researcher ethically be unable to accept funding? a. A fast-food restaurant b. A nonprofit health organization c. A private hospital d. A governmental agency like Health and Social Services

a. A fast-food restaurant

An example of high culture is _________, whereas an example of popular culture would be ____________. a. Dostoevsky style in film; "American Idol" winners b. medical marijuana; film noir c. country music; pop music d. political theory; sociological theory

a. Dostoevsky style in film; "American Idol" winners

Who coined the phrase symbolic interactionism? a. Herbert Blumer b. Max Weber c. Lester F. Ward d. W. I. Thomas

a. Herbert Blumer

A student has a habit of talking on their cell phone during class. One day, the professor stops the lecture and asks the student to respect others in the class by turning off the phone. In this situation, the professor used __________ to maintain social control. a. Informal negative sanctions b. Informal positive sanctions c. Formal negative sanctions d. Formal positive sanctions

a. Informal negative sanctions

Which of the following situations best describes crime trends in the United States? a. Rates of violent and nonviolent crimes are decreasing. b. Rates of violent crimes are decreasing, but there are more nonviolent crimes now than ever before. c. Crime rates have skyrocketed since the 1970s due to lax corrections laws. d. Rates of street crime have gone up, but corporate crime has gone down.

a. Rates of violent and nonviolent crimes are decreasing.

What is a disadvantage of the McDonaldization of society? a. There is less variety of goods. b. There is an increased need for employees with postgraduate degrees. c. There is less competition so prices are higher. d. There are fewer jobs so unemployment increases.

a. There is less variety of goods.

The Ku Klux Klan is an example of what part of culture? a. Counterculture b. Subculture c. Multiculturalism d. pop culture

a. counterculture

The main difference between ethnography and other types of participant observation is: a. ethnography isn't based on hypothesis testing b. ethnography subjects are unaware they're being studied c. ethnographic studies always involve minority ethnic groups d. ethnography focuses on how subjects view themselves in relationship to the community

a. ethnography isn't based on hypothesis testing

McDonald's restaurants are found in almost every country around the world. What is this an example of? a. globalization b. diffusion c. culture lag d. xenocentrism

a. globalization

According to Peter Berger and Thomas Luckmann, society is based on ________. a. habitual actions b. status c. institutionalization d. role performance

a. habitual actions

Which of the following is not an age-related transition point when Americans must be socialized to new roles? a. Infancy b. School age c. Adulthood d. Senior citizen

a. infancy

A sociologist defines society as a group of people who reside in a defined area, share a culture, and who: a. interact b. work in the same industry c. speak different languages d. practice a recognized religion

a. interact

Using secondary data is considered an unobtrusive or ________ research method. a. nonreactive b. nonparticipatory c. nonrestrictive d. nonconfrontive

a. nonreactive

Which of the following occupations is a person of power most likely to have in an information society? a. Software engineer b. Coal miner c. Children's book author d. Sharecropper

a. software engineer

The major difference between invention and discovery is: a. Invention is based on technology, whereas discovery is usually based on culture b. Discovery involves finding items that already exists, but invention puts things together in a new way c. Invention refers to material culture, whereas discovery can be material or theoretic, like laws of physics d. Invention is typically used to refer to prehistoric objects, whereas discovery refers to local culture

b. Discovery involves finding items that already exists, but invention puts things together in a new way

Which statement illustrates value neutrality? a. Obesity in children is obviously a result of parental neglect and, therefore, schools should take a greater role to prevent it b. In 2003, states like Arkansas adopted laws requiring elementary schools to remove soft drink vending machines from schools c. Merely restricting children's access to junk food at school is not enough to prevent obesity d. Physical activity and healthy eating are a fundamental part of a child's education

b. In 2003, states like Arkansas adopted laws requiring elementary schools to remove soft drink vending machines from schools

Which best describes the results of a case study? a. It produces more reliable results than other methods because of its depth b. Its results are not generally applicable c. It relies solely on secondary data analysis d. All of the above

b. Its results are not generally applicable

Which research technique would most likely be used by a symbolic interactionist? a. Surveys b. Participant observation c. Quantitative data analysis d. None of the above

b. Participant observation

The notion that people cannot feel or experience something that they do not have a word for can be explained by: a. linguistics b. Sapir-Whorf hypothesis c. Ethnographic imagery d. bilingualism

b. Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

During the civil rights movement, Rosa Parks and other Black protestors spoke out against segregation by refusing to sit at the back of the bus. This is an example of ________. a. An act of social control b. An act of deviance c. A social norm d. Criminal mores

b. an act of deviance

The terms _______ and ______ are often used interchangeably, but have nuances that differentiate them. a. imperialism and relativism b. culture and society c. society and ethnocentrism d. ethnocentrism and Xenocentrism

b. culture and society

Which of the following was a topic of study in early sociology? a. Astrology b. Economics c. Physics d. History

b. economics

Kenneth and Mamie Clark used sociological research to show that segregation was: a. beneficial b. harmful c. illegal d. of no importance

b. harmful

C. Wright Mills once said that sociologists need to develop a sociological __________ to study how society affects individuals. a. culture b. imagination c. method d. tool

b. imagination

Organic solidarity is most likely to exist in which of the following types of societies? a. Hunter-gatherer b. Industrial c. Agricultural d. Feudal

b. industrial

Societies practice social control to maintain ________. a. formal sanctions b. social order c. cultural deviance d. sanction labeling

b. social order

The irrational fear or hatred of another culture is called: a.. ethnocentrism b. xenophobia c. xenophile d. ethnophobia

b. xenophobia

Which statement provides the best operational definition of "childhood obesity"? a. Children who eat unhealthy foods and spend too much time watching television and playing video games b. A distressing trend that can lead to health issues including type 2 diabetes and heart disease c. Body weight at least 20 percent higher than a healthy weight for a child of that height d. The tendency of children today to weigh more than children of earlier generations

c. Body weight at least 20 percent higher than a healthy weight for a child of that height

______ deviance is a violation of norms that ______result in a person being labeled a deviant. a. Secondary; does not b. Negative; does c. Primary; does not d. Primary; may or may not

c. Primary; does not

Which of the following fictional societies is an example of a pastoral society? a. The Deswan people, who live in small tribes and base their economy on the production and trade of textiles b. The Rositian Clan, a small community of farmers who have lived on their family's land for centuries c. The Hunti, a wandering group of nomads who specialize in breeding and training horses d. The Amaganda, an extended family of warriors who serve a single noble family

c. The Hunti, a wandering group of nomads who specialize in breeding and training horses

Which of the following is true regarding U.S. socialization of recent high school graduates? a. They are expected to take a year "off" before college. b. They are required to serve in the military for one year. c. They are expected to enter college, trade school, or the workforce shortly after graduation. d. They are required to move away from their parents.

c. They are expected to enter college, trade school, or the workforce shortly after graduation.

The 1st step of the scientific method: a. Collect and analyze data b. Summarize the articles c. Ask a question about a topic d. Create a hypothesis

c. ask a question about a topic

Berger describes sociologists as concerned with: a. monumental moments in people's lives b. common everyday life events c. both a and b d. none of the above

c. both a and b

According to Marx, the _____ own the means of production in a society. a. proletariat b. vassals c. bourgeoisie d. anomie

c. bourgeoisie

Which of the following societies were the first to have permanent residents? a. Industrial b. Hunter-gatherer c. Horticultural d. Feudal

c. horticultural

Seeing patterns means that a sociologist needs to be able to: a. compare the behavior of individuals from different societies b. compare one society to another c. identify similarities in how social groups respond to social pressure d. compare individuals to groups

c. identify similarities in how social groups respond to social pressure

One day, you decide to wear pajamas to the grocery store. While you shop, you notice people giving you strange looks and whispering to others. In this case, the grocery store patrons are demonstrating _______. a. deviance b. formal sanctions c. informal sanctions d. positive sanctions

c. informal sanctions

Berger writes that sociology a. is not an academic discipline b. makes the strange familiar c. makes the familiar strange d. is not a science

c. makes the familiar strange

Cultural sanctions can also be viewed as ways that society: a. Establishes leaders b. Determines language c. Regulates behavior d. Determines laws

c. regulates behavior

Modern-day hipsters are an example of: a. ethnocentricity b. counterculture c. subculture d. high culture

c. subculture

Which of the following best describes sociology as a subject? a. The study of individual behavior b. The study of cultures c. The study of society and social interaction d. The study of economics

c. the study of society and social interaction

A measurement is considered ________ if it actually measures what it is intended to measure, according to the topic of the study. a. reliable b. sociological c. valid d. quantitative

c. valid

Sociological studies test relationships in which change in one ________ causes change in another. a. test subject b. behavior c. variable d. operational definition

c. variable

Spousal abuse is an example of a ________. a. street crime b. corporate crime c. violent crime d. nonviolent crime

c. violent crime

The belief that one's culture is inferior to another culture is called: a. ethnocentrism b. nationalism c. xenocentrism d. imperialism

c. xenocentrism

Which person or organization defined the concept of value neutrality? a. Institutional Review Board (IRB) b. Peter Rossi c. American Sociological Association (ASA) d. Max Weber

d. Max Weber

The American flag is a material object that denotes the U.S. However, many associate ideas with the flag, like bravery and freedom. In this example, what are bravery and freedom? a. Symbols b. Language c. Material culture d. Nonmaterial culture

d. Nonmaterial culture

Studying sociology helps people analyze data because they learn: a. interview techniques b. to apply statistics c. to generate theories d. all of the above

d. all of the above

Some jobs today advertise in multinational markets and permit telecommuting in lieu of working from a primary location. This broadening of the job market and the way that jobs are performed can be attributed to: a. cultural lag b. diffusion c. discovery d. globalization

d. globalization

A symbolic interactionist may compare social interactions to: a. behaviors b. conflicts c. human organs d. theatrical roles

d. theatrical roles